2018年成人高考英語試題后附答案(專升本)

2018年成人高考專升本英語試題Phonetics(5points)Directions:Ineachofthefollowinggroupsofwords,therearefourunderlinedlettersorlettercombinationsmarkeda,b,paretheunderlinedpartsandidentifytheonethatisdifferentfromtheothersinpronunciation.MarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.1.A.captainB.sustainC.containD.retainA.pensionB.missionC.tensionD.revisionA.actressB.businessC.excessD.endlessA.combinationB.climbingC.bambooD.ambitionA.blewB.crewC.sewD.JewVocabularyandStructure(15points)Directions:Thereare15incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChooseoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.askedtwopassers-byhowtogettothenewrailwaystation,butofthemknewit.A.noneB.eitherC.neitherD.both7.Thebosswantstotalktoyou.Heseemsunhappywithyourperformance.7.Oh,Ibeintrouble.Ihopehewon'tfireme.mustB.canC.shouldD.wouldmydaughterreachestheageofeighteenshecanapplyfordrivinglicense.UnlessB.BecauseC.SinceD.OnceI'llconsiderMs.Smithtonight,butIamnotsureifIhavethetime.toseeB.seeingC.tohaveseenD.seeThetraintoarriveat11:30,butitwasanhourlate.wassupposedB.issupposedC.supposesD.supposedBobdoesn'tlookhisage.Ithinkhe'ssomewhere.A.infortyB.infortiesC.inhisfortyD.inhisfortiesIfeelveryexcitedthethoughtofjoiningmyfamilyinaweek.A.onB.forC.atD.inahotel,welookedforsomewheretohavedinner.A.FindingB.HavingfoundC.WefindingD.WefoundDespitethesuddenbreakdownoftheGeneralManager,workisgoingoninthecompany.A.usualB.routineC.normalD.regularAtsuchatimeofcrisis,wemusttrytoalldifferencesandsticktogether.A.setapartB.setbackC.setasideD.setdownManygovernmentsarenowtakingtoreducesmokinginpublicplaces.A.stepsB.sidesC.effectD.changeTheemployeesmoreenthusiasticabouttheirworksincetheirpayrose.A.areB.havebeenC.wereD.willbeChildrendon'tunderstandinitiallywhattheyarereciting,butitwillhaveanimpactontheirthinking.A.casuallyB.especiallyC.regularlyD.graduallyTheuniversityregulationsrequirethatthestudentsatleast90%ofthelectures.A.attendedB.toattendC.wouldattendD.attendInOctober2007,theChang'e-1satellitewassuccessfullyatXichang.A.launchedB.presentedC.regulatedD.engagedIII?Cloze（30points）Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatismostsuitableandmarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Thedestructionofhabitats（棲息地）allovertheworldistheprimaryreasonspeciesarebecomingextinct滅（絕）orendangered?House,shighways,dams,industrialbuildings，andever-spreading-farmsnowdominate21formerlyoccupiedbyforests,deserts,andwetlands.22thebeginningofEuropeansettlementinAmerica,23over65,000,000acresofwetlandshavebeendrained.Onemillionacresalonevanished241985and1995.habitatdestructioncanbe25oritcanbesubtleoccurringovera26periodoftimewithoutbeingnoticed.27suchassewagefromcitiesandchemicalrunofffromfarms,canchangethe28andquantityofwaterinstreamsandrivers.To29livinginadelicatelybalancedhabitat,thisdisturbancecanbeas30astheclear-cuttingofarainforest.31remaininghabitatsarecarvedintosmallerandsmallerpocketsorislands,remainingspeciesareforcedtoexistinthese32areas,whichcausesfurtherhabita3t3.Thesespeciesbecomelessadaptabletoenvironmen3ta4linfact,theybecome35endangeredScientistsbelievethatwhenahabitatiscutby90%,one-halfofitsplants,animalsandinsectswillbecomeextinct.A.landscapesB.citiesC.mapsD.picturesA.AtB.BeforeC.AfterD.SinceA.forexampleB.inadditionC.atlastD.afterallA.bothB.inC.betweenD.beforeA.simpleB.beneficialC.interestingD.obviousA.longB.shortC.happyD.sadA.ConstructionB.PollutionC.FarmingD.LivingA.amountB.purityC.natureD.qualityA.peopleB.speciesC.plantsD.insectsA.effectiveB.smallC.fatalD.surprisingA.HowB.WhetherC.BeforeD.AsA.crowdedB.extensiveC.largeD.bareA.reformB.destructionC.supportD.discoveryA.improvementsB.changesC.protectionD.developmentA.evenB.farC.moreD.lessIV.ReadingComprehension(60points)Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfourquestions.ForeachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneWomannabbedforaDUIatsamecrashspotWedMay21,2:17AMETTRUCKEE，Calif.Callitdrunkendrivingdejavu(記憶幻覺).Forthesecondtimeinfivemonths，a23-year-oldCaliforniawomanhasbeenarrestedaftershecrashedhercarwhiledrivingundertheinfluence(DUI)attheexactsamespotnorthofLakeTahoe.Andtotopitoff,TruckeePolicesaythatinbothcases,herbloodalcoholcontentwasmorethanthreetimesthelegallimit.ThepolicesayMelissaDennisonofTruckeecrashedataboutnoononSundayonGlenshireDrivejustsouthoftheGlenshireBridge.Theysayshewasextremelydrunkandhadtroublestandingorwalking.Herbloodalcohollevelinitiallywasmeasuredat346.Thelegallimit.08.SergeantJ.LitchiesaidDennisonalsohadbeenchargedwithaDUIinJanuarywhenshecrashedatthesamespotandregisteredabloodalcohollevelof380.Iffoundguiltyofthesecondoffense,shefacesupto10yearsinprisonandfinesinexcessof2.000.AtelephonemessagetheAssociatedPressleftatalistingforDennisoninTruckeeonTuesdaywasnotimmediatelyreturned.Whoistheauthorofthepassage?Apassenger.Apoliceman.Ajudge.Ajournalist.Whycouldn'tthewomanstandandwalk?Shehadlosttoomuchblood.Shewasscared.Shedranktoomuch.Shehadasuddenstomachache.Whycouldthewomanbeimprisonedfor10years?ShewascaughtDUItwice.Shehadhercarcrashed.Sherefusedtotakeabloodtest.Shedrovewithoutdrivinglicense.sWhatdoestheword"nabbed"inthetitlemean?Arrested.Attacked.Charged.Punished.PassageTwoThereweremanydifferentculturesintheancientworld,butthetwothathadthemostinfluenceonEuropeanandAmericancivilizationsweretheGreekandtheRoman.Oftenthesetwoculturesarelumpedtogetherinourminds,asiftheywerereallyexactlyalike.Butthatisnotthecase.InmanywaystheGreeksandtheRomanscouldnothavebeenmoredifferent.TheGreeksweretrulydemocratic,oftenwithoutasingleleaderbutinsteadgovernedbyagroupofmenchosenbythepeople.TheRomansweresemi-democratic.TheyhadagoverningSenate,butthepoliticalpowerwasmostlyorcompletelyinthehandsofasingleemperor.Bothculturesweregreatbuilders.Buttheconstructioninterestsofthetwocultureswerealsodifferent.TheGreekstendedtobemoreartistic.Theirbuildingswerewellconstructedandtheywereespeciallyinterestedintemples,columns,anddecorativeforms.TheRomans,ontheotherhand,weremoreengineersthanartists.Theyconcentratedtheireffortsonurbanplanning,well-functioningwaterpipes,andthebestroads.Onlyincookingandeatinghabitsarethetwoculturesreallysimilar.Bothpeoplesateverywellindeed:lotsoffish,freshvegetablesandfruits,healthymeals,holdingatthesametimelongdiscussionsandtastingexcellentwines.Infact,itwouldprobablybefairtosaythattheybothlovedlifeintheirwarm,sea-orientedclimatesandtheybothlivedafulllife.Whatisthefirstparagraphabout?TheGreekandtheRomanweresimilar.PeoplemisunderstoodEuropeancivilization.GreekcivilizationwasquitedifferentfromRomancivilization.EuropeancivilizationinfluencedAmericancivilizationgreatly.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?TheRomanshadmorepoliticalawareness.TheRomanshadlesspoliticalfreedomanddemocracy.TheRomanshadmorefreedomtochoosetheirleader.TheRomanshadfewerpeopleelectedintothegovernment.WhatweretheGreeksfamousfor?Theoverallplanningofacityoratown.Theartisticdecorationofthebuildings.Thepracticalfunctionsofthebuildings.aThesystemofwatersupplyandtransportation.Howarethetwoculturesalike?Bothlovedthesea.Bothlivedlonglives.BothlovedcookingBothenjoyedtalkingovermeals.PassageThreeAsrecentlyasthreedecadesago,manyAmericansbelievedthatusingcreditwasanunwiseanddangerouswaytopayforwhattheybought.Someeventhoughtthatowingmoneytoastoreoracreditcompanywassomethingtobeashamedof.Goodcitizens,theybelieved,alwaysboughtwhattheywantedwithrealmoneyandtheypaidthefullpriceimmediately.Today,however,allthathaschanged.Credit,assomeobservershavenoted,hasbecomeawayoflifeintheUnitedStates.MoreandmoreAmericansnowaredependingonthosesmallpiecesofplastic,creditcards,topayforlargepurchasessuchastelevisions,recordplayersorfurniture.Manypeopletodaywouldconsideritunusualnottouseacreditcardtopayforacostlyrestaurantdinner,ahotelroomoranairlinetrip.AndtherearesomesituationsinwhichAmericansmusthavecreditcards.Iftheywantthetemporaryuseofacar,forexample,theyfirstmustgivethecarrentalcompanythenumberoftheircreditcard.ThatnumberisconsideredaguaranteethattheywillreturnthecarandpayCreditcardsoffertwomajorservicestoAmericans.Firstofall,theyareeasierandsafertocarrythanlargeamountsofmoney.Second,theypermitpeopletoborrow,tohavetheimmediatepleasureofowningsomething,eveniftheydonothaveenoughmoneytopayforitatthetime.Withcreditcardspeoplepayforgoodsorservicesattheendofeachmonthinsteadofwhentheybuythem.Andwhenthetimedoescometopay,mostcreditcardsofferpeopleachoice.Theycanpayallofwhattheyoweforthemonthortheycanjustpayusuallybetween5and10percentofwhattheyowe.WhatdoAmericansfeelaboutusingcreditcardsnowadaysaccordingtothepassage?Theyconsideritvaluable.Theyregarditasashame.Theythinkitdangerous.Theyfinditquiteconvenient.Whydoesthecarrentalcompanyaskforthecreditcardnumber?Topreventtheoveruseofthecar.Tomakesurethatthecarwon'tbedamaged.Tomakesuretheuserreturnthecarandpayforusingit.Toensurethatthecarissafelyandtimelyreturned.Whatadvantagecancreditcardholdershave?Theycanchoosenottopayfortheirpurchases.Theycaneasilyborrowmoneyatalowerinterest.Theycanownsomethingbeforetheyactuallypayforit.Theycanpayonlyasmallamountofwhattheyowe.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?Credit-aWayofLifeinAmericaCreditServicesinAmericaConvenienceofLivinginAmericaHistoryofCreditCardsinAmericaPassageFourAtthe1893ColumbianExposition,aWorldFairheldinChicago,chocolatemakingmachinerymadeinGermanywasdisplayed.ItcaughttheeyeofM.S.Hershey,whosawthepotentialforchocolate.HeinstalledchocolatemachineryinhisfactoryinLancaster,andproducedhisfirstchocolatebarsin1894.OtherAmericansbeganmixinginothermaterialstomakeupnewcandybarsthroughouttheendofthe1890'sandtheearly1900's.ButitwasWorldWarIthatreallybroughtattentiontothecandybar.TheU.S.ArmyQuartermasterCorpsrequestedvariousAmericanchocolatemanufacturerstoprovide20to40poundblocksofchocolatetobeshippedtoquartermasterbases.TheblockswerecutintosmallerdistributedtoAmericansoldiersinEurope.Eventuallythetaskofmakingsmallerpieceswasturnedbacktothemanufacturers.Bytheendofthewarwhenthesoldiersarrivedhome,theAmericancandybarbusinesswasassured.Why?Becausethereturningsoldiershadgrownfondofchocolatecandyandwantedmoreofthesame.Asaresultfromthattimeonandthroughthe1920's,candybarmanufacturersbecameestablishedthroughouttheUnitedStates,andasmanyas40,000differentcandybarsappearedonthescene.TheoriginalcandybarindustryhaditsstartontheeasterncoastinsuchcitiesasPhiladelphia,Boston,andNewYork.TheindustrysoonspreadtotheMidwestbecauseshippingandrawmaterialssuchassugar,cornsyrup,andmilkwereeasilyavailable.Chicagobecametheseatofthecandybarindustryandiseventodayanimportantbase.WhydidM.S.Hersheystarttheproductionofchocolatebars?HewasdeeplyimpressedbytheColumbianExposition.HerealizedthatitwaspossibleforchocolatetobecomepopularTherewasnothingtoproduceinhisfactoryinLancaster.HewasinterestedinthechocolatemachinerydisplayedatthefairWhicheventbroughttheboomingofAmericancandybarbusiness?Theaddingofnewmaterials.ThedemandinthearmyduringWWI.ThepurchaseofnewmachinesTheappearanceofsmallercandybars.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"seat"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?Focus.Position.Chair.CenterWhatisthispassagemainlyabout?WorldFairheldinChicagoin1893.ThepopularityoftheAmericancandybarindustry.oThecandybarindustryduringWorldWar.ThespreadofthecandybarbusinesstotheMidwest.PassageFiveMarkTwainisoneofAmerica'smuch-belovedauthors,creatingimaginativeandhumorousclassicsforchildrenandadultsalike,suchasTheAdventuresofTomSawyer,ThePrinceandThePauper,andAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.Twainpassedawayin1910,leavingbehindatreasureofgreatliterature.Butnow,100yearsafterhisdeath,he'llhaveabrand-newbookontheshelves:athree-volumeautobiography.Twainhasn'tbeenkeepingbusyinhistombitwashiswishthatpublisherswaituntil100yearsafterhisdeathtopublishhismemoirs)whichhespentthelastdecadeofhislifeworkingon.Theautobiographytotalsmorethan5,000pages,andlikelywon'tbeallsunshineandroses.ItseemsthatTwainharboredsomebitternessagainstformergirlfriendsandex-friends.Healsowritesnegativelyaboutpoliticiansofhisday,suchasTeddyRoosevelt.It'slikelythatherequestedsuchalongleadtimeforthememoirsbecausehedidn'twanttohurtthefeelingsofanyonementionedinthiswork.Althoughsmallsectionsofthememoirshavebeenpreviouslypublishedtheautobiographyhasneverbeenavailableinfull,andshouldprovidegreatinsightsintothemanbehindtheclassicbooks.ThefirstvolumeofthesetwillbeavailableinNovember,andthetrilogyisbeingpublishedbytheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley."TherearesomanybiographiesofTwain,andmanyofthemhaveusedbitsandpiecesoftheautobiography",editorRobertHirsttoldTheIndependent."Butbiographerspickandchoosewhatbitstoquote.BypublishingTwain'sbookinfullwehopethatpeoplewillbeabletocometotheirowncompleteconclusionsaboutwhatsortofamanhewas."AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthestatementsisTRUEofMarkTwain?A.Heleftbehindlotsofmoney.Hisworkswerewrittenforchildren.Hisworksarefullofadventures.Heisfamousforhisgreatworks.WhatcanwelearnaboutMarkTwain'sautobiographyfromthepassage?A.IthasbeenpublishedagainstTwain'swill.ItshowsTwain'srespectforpoliticians.Itwillbepublishedinfull.Ithasbeenrecentlyfinished.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"trilogy"inParagraph4mean?A.workinthreevolumes.Animaginativework.collectionofstories.Memoirsoffamouspeople.WhatisthepurposeofpublishingTwain'sautobiography?A.Tosupplementotherbiographies.TohelpreaderstounderstandMarkTwain.Tointrodu