人教版八年級(jí)英語上知識(shí)點(diǎn)

［人教版］新目標(biāo)英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)初二上學(xué)期Unit1Howoftendoyouexercise?重點(diǎn)語法：頻率副詞詢問別人做某事的頻繁程度提問用Howoften引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句回答用always,sometimes,twiceaday等頻率副詞。例句：A:HowoftendoyouwatchTV?（你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看一次電視？）B:IwatchTVeveryday.俄每天都看電視。）A:What'syourfavoriteprogram?（你最喜歡的節(jié)目是什么？）B:It'sAnimalWorld.是《動(dòng)物世界》）A:Howoftendoyouwatchit?（你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看一次這個(gè)節(jié)目？）主要頻率副詞的等級(jí)排序：always（總是）＞usually（通常）＞often（經(jīng)常）＞sometimes（有時(shí)）＞hardlyever（很少）＞never（從不）隔一段時(shí)間做某事數(shù)次用數(shù)詞+時(shí)間間隔的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。如：onceaweek一周一次（“一次”用特殊詞once）twiceaday一天兩次（“兩次”用特殊詞twice）threetimesamonth一個(gè)月三次（三次或三次以上用基數(shù)詞+times的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成）fourtimesayear一年四次重點(diǎn)短語：howoften多久一次asfor至于；關(guān)于howmany多少（針對(duì)可數(shù)名詞）howmuch多少（針對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞）ofcourse=sure當(dāng)然；確信lookafter=takecareof=carefor照顧；照看alotof=lotsof=plentyof許多；大量everyday每一天everynight每晚hardlyever幾乎不begoodfor對(duì)……有益begoodforone'shealth有益健康trytodosth.嘗試做某事getgoodgrades取得好成績(jī)helpsb.[to]dosth.幫助某人做某事kindof有點(diǎn)want[sb.]todosth.想要（某人）做某事keepingoodhealth保持健康Notwomenthinkalike.人心各異。Unit2What'sthematter?重點(diǎn)語法：詢問別人如何感覺了解人體器官和部位的英文名稱了解一些常見病的英文名稱告訴別人應(yīng)該怎樣做和不應(yīng)該怎樣做例句：A:What'sthematter?（怎么了？）B:I'mnotfeelingwell.（我感覺不舒服。）Ihaveacold.（我感冒了。）A:Whendiditstart?（什么時(shí)候開始的？）B:Abouttwodaysago.（大約兩天前開始的。）A:Oh,that'stoobad.（哦，這很糟糕。）Youshouldliedownandrest.（你應(yīng)該躺下休息。）B:Yes,Ithinkso.（是的，我是這么認(rèn)為的。）A:Ihopeyoufeelbettersoon.（祝你早日康復(fù)。）重點(diǎn)短語：haveacold患感冒shouldn't=shouldnotbestressedout緊張的；有壓力的afew有些；幾個(gè)（針對(duì)可數(shù)名詞）alittle[bit]有些；幾個(gè)（針對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞）atthemoment此刻；現(xiàn)在What'sthematter?=What'swrong?=What'stheproblem?怎么了？liedownandrest躺下休息seeadoctor看病hopetodosth.希望做某事listento聽forexample舉個(gè)例子begoodfor對(duì)……有益it's+adj.+[forsb.]+todosth.做某事（對(duì)某人來說）（加形容詞）gettired感到疲倦stayhealthy保持健康givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.把某物給某人needtodosth.需要做某事Unit3Whatareyoudoingforvacation?重點(diǎn)語法：用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示一般將來時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)計(jì)劃好即將按照計(jì)劃去執(zhí)行例句：A:Whatareyoudoingforvacation,LinHui?（林輝，放假準(zhǔn)備干什么呢？）B:I'mgoingtoTibetforaweek.（我要去西藏旅游一周。）A:Thatsoundsinteresting!（這聽起來很有趣。）Whatareyoudoingthere?（你去那里準(zhǔn)備干些什么事？）B:I'mgoinghikinginthemountains.（我準(zhǔn)備上山徒步旅行。）Howaboutyou,Tony?（你呢，托尼？）Whatareyoudoingforvacation?（你放假準(zhǔn)備干些什么呢？）A:I'mvisitingmyfriendinHongKong.（我要去拜訪我在香港的朋友。）B:Ohyeah?（是嗎？）Howlongareyoustaying?（你要去多久啊？）A:Justforfourdays.（只去四天。）Idon'tlikegoingawayfortoolong.（我不想遠(yuǎn)走太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。）B:Well,haveagoodtime!（祝你旅途愉快?。㏒endmeapostcardfromHongKong!（記得從香港寄一張明信片回來?。〢:Sure.Showmeyourphotoswhenwegetbacktoschool.（當(dāng)然。當(dāng)我們?cè)倩貙W(xué)校的時(shí)候，再看看你的照片。）重點(diǎn)短語：howlong多久getback=comeback回來takeavacation=haveavacation去度假alot=verymuch很；非常begoingtodosth.將要去做某事sound+adj.聽起來（加形容詞）soundlike+n.聽起來像（加名詞）haveagoodtime=havefun=enjoyoneself玩得愉快showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.把某物給某人看wanttodosth.=wouldliketodosth.想要做某事plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某事spendsometime[in]doingsth.花時(shí)間做某事needtodosth.需要做某事asksb.aboutsth.詢問某人某方面的事情goshopping去購物leavefor離開去某地Unit4Howdoyougettoschool?重點(diǎn)語法：詢問別人做某事的方式用How引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句其回答有多種方式，其中一種結(jié)構(gòu)是bydoingsth.或bysth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。詢問兩地的距離用howfar引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句回答用be+（distance）+[away]+from的結(jié)構(gòu)。例句：A:Howdoyougettoschool?（你如何去上學(xué)？）B:Itakethesubway.俄乘地鐵去上學(xué)。）A:Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?（從家到學(xué)校多遠(yuǎn)？）B:It'sthreemiles.（有三英里遠(yuǎn)。）A:Howlongdoesittakeyoutogetfromhometoschool?（從家到學(xué)校需要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？）B:Ittakes25minutes.（要花25分鐘。）重點(diǎn)短語：bybus=takethebus乘公共汽車howfar多遠(yuǎn)dependon依賴于byboat=taketheboat乘船lookat看bytrain=takethetrain乘火車bybike=rideone'sbike騎車bysubway=takethesubway乘地鐵byplane=taketheplane乘飛機(jī)onfoot走路getup起床havebreakfast吃早飯leaveforsomewhere離開去某地takesb.tosomewhere帶某人去某地halfanhour=thirtyminutes半小時(shí)（三十分鐘）aroundtheworld=allovertheworld全世界gettoschool到學(xué)校thinkof認(rèn)為onweekend在周末Unit5Canyoucometomyparty?重點(diǎn)語法：詢問并請(qǐng)求某人做某事例句：A:Hey,Dave.（你好，戴夫。）CanyougotothemoviesonSaturday?（周六你能去看電影嗎？）B:I'msorry,Ican't.（X寸不起，我不能去。）Ihavetoomuchhomeworkthisweekend.（這個(gè)周末我有太多作業(yè)要做。）A:That'stoobad.（這太糟了。）Maybeanothertime.（只好等下一次了。）B:Sure,Joe.（當(dāng)然，喬。）Thanksforasking.（謝謝你的邀請(qǐng)。）重點(diǎn)短語：thedayaftertomorrow后天thedaybeforeyesterday前天comeover來訪studyforatest復(fù)習(xí)迎考gotothedoctor=seethedoctor看病haveto不得不；必須（強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上）must不得不；必須（強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀上）helpsb.withsth.=helpsb.[to]dosth.幫助某人做某事toomuch+n.太多（針對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞）toomany+n.太多（針對(duì)可數(shù)名詞）muchtoo+adj.太（加形容詞）gotothemovies看電影practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事thanksfor[doing]sth.為（做）某事而感謝gotothedentist看牙醫(yī)begoingtodosth.將要做某事（該事已計(jì)劃好）willdosth.將要做某事（該事尚未計(jì)劃）keepquiet保持安靜Unit6I'mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.重點(diǎn)語法：在兩件或多件事物中進(jìn)行比較使用形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)通常形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞后加-er（以e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加r，閉音節(jié)輔音字母結(jié)尾雙寫輔音字母加-er）的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，最高級(jí)是在形容詞前加the，形容詞后加-est（以e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加st,閉音節(jié)輔音字母結(jié)尾雙寫輔音字母加-est）的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。（eg/bigfbiggerfthebiggest形容詞big的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；smallfsmallerfthesmallest形容詞small的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)）當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞有3個(gè)或以上音節(jié)時(shí)，其比較級(jí)是在形容詞前加more的結(jié)構(gòu)，其最高級(jí)是在形容詞前加themost的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。（eg/expensivefmoreexpensive—themostexpensive形容詞expensive的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；outgoingfmoreoutgoingfthemostoutgoing形容詞outgoing的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)）例句：A:LinPingismyfriend.（LinPing是我的朋友。）She'salittlemoreoutgoingthanme.（她比我性格要活潑開朗一些。）B:Myfriendisthesameasme.（我的朋友跟我一樣。）Wearebothquiet.俄們都很靜。）A:Doyoulookthesame?（你們長(zhǎng)相相像嗎？）B:No,I'malittletallerthanher.（不，我比她高一點(diǎn)。）重點(diǎn)短語：morethan超出……incommon共同的begoodat=dowellin在某方面做得好mostof大多數(shù)insomeways在某些方面thesameas與……一樣makesb.+adj.讓某人（感覺）（加形容詞）stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停止當(dāng)前做的事去做另一件事beginwith以……開始eachother互相enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime玩得高興spendsometime[in]doingsth.=spendsometimeonsth.花時(shí)間做某事plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某事onafarm在農(nóng)場(chǎng)Unit7Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?重點(diǎn)語法：描述一個(gè)過程服從別人的指令詢問做某事的過程用how引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句分步回答用first（首先），next（接著），then（然后），finally（最后）等時(shí)間副詞引導(dǎo)從句。例句：A:Howdoyoumakefruitsalad?（如何做水果沙拉？）B:Firstcutupthreebananas,threeapplesandawatermelon.（首先切三個(gè)香蕉、三個(gè)蘋果和一個(gè)西瓜。）Nextputthefruitinabowl.（接下來把水果放到一個(gè)碗里。）Thenputintwoteaspoonsofhoneyandacupofyogurt.（然后放入兩勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。）Finallymixitallup.（最后將它們放在一起攪拌。）重點(diǎn)短語：turnon打開（電器）［閉合開關(guān)］turnoff關(guān)閉（電器）［斷開開關(guān)］cutup切碎mixup混合add...to...把……加到……上o...把……澆到……里面put...in...把……放到……里面put...on...把……放到……上面acupof一杯ateaspoonof一勺Unit8Howwasyourschooltrip?重點(diǎn)語法：一般過去時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語動(dòng)詞的過去式+賓語談?wù)撨^去發(fā)生的事情用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)do/does的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)形式：did例句：LastweekIvisitedmyaunt'shouse.（上個(gè)星期我去我姑姑家玩了。）ShelivesinCalifornia.（她住在加利福尼亞州。）Theweatherwasbeautiful.（那兒的天氣很好。）Iwentswimming.（我去游泳了。）重點(diǎn)短語：hangout閑逛sleeplate睡過頭takephotos=takepictures照相haveagreattime=havefun=enjoyoneself玩得高興attheendof在……的盡頭theclassmonitor班長(zhǎng)adayoff一整天goforadrive開車兜風(fēng)havefundoingsth.做某事很愉快abowlof一碗helpsb.[to]dosth.幫助某人做某事一些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式：hangfhungbuyfboughtsleepfsleptread/ri:d/fread/red/Unit9Whenwasheborn?重點(diǎn)語法：一般過去時(shí)態(tài)談?wù)撝宋锢洌篈:HowlongdidCharlesSmithhiccup?（查理斯?史密斯打嗝了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？）B:Hehiccuppedfor69yearsand5months.（他打嗝了69年零5個(gè)月。）A:Whendidhestarthiccupping?（他什么時(shí)候開始打嗝的？）B:Hestartedin1922.（他從1922年就開始打嗝了。）A:Whendidhestophiccupping?（他什么時(shí)候停止打嗝的？）B:Hestoppedin1990.（他到1990年才停止打嗝。）重點(diǎn)短語：too...to...太……以致不能……takepartin=join參加becauseof因?yàn)椤璵ajorin主修；專研startdoingsth.開始做某事（該事已計(jì)劃好）starttodosth.開始做某事（該事尚未計(jì)劃）spendsometimewithsb.花時(shí)間和某人在一起spendsometime[in]doingsth.=spendsometimeonsth.花時(shí)間做某事seesb.dosth.看見某人做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)全局）seesb.doingsth.看見某人做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性）Unit10I'mgoingtobeabasketballplayer.重點(diǎn)語法：一般將來時(shí)態(tài)do/does的兩種一般將來時(shí)態(tài)形式：willdo；begoingtodo兩種形式的區(qū)別：willdo強(qiáng)調(diào)事情尚未計(jì)劃好而即將做begoingtodo強(qiáng)調(diào)事情已計(jì)劃好并將按照計(jì)劃來做本單元重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)begoingtodo的形式。例句：A:Whatareyougoingtodonextyear?（明年你準(zhǔn)備干些什么？）B:Well,I'mgoingtotakeguitarlessons.（我明年要上吉他音樂課。）Ireallylovemusic.（我很喜歡音樂。）A:Soundsinteresting.（聽起來很有趣。）I'mgoingtolearnaforeignlanguage.（我明年要學(xué)一門外語。）重點(diǎn)短語：growup成長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)大atthesametime同時(shí)allover遍及allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界begoingtodosth.將要做某事practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事studyhard努力學(xué)習(xí)takelessons上課sound+adj.聽起來（加形容詞）soundlike+n.聽起來像（加名詞）savemoney存錢buysb.sth.=bysth.forsb.給某人買某物buysth.withthemoney用錢買某物writearticles寫文章learntodosth.學(xué)習(xí)做某事getgoodgrades取得好成績(jī)playsports運(yùn)動(dòng)keepfit保持健康writetosb.給某人寫信enjoydoingsth.享受做某事Unit11Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?重點(diǎn)語法：委婉請(qǐng)求別人做某事引導(dǎo)詞用can,shall,will等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)態(tài)例句：A:CouldIpleaseuseyourcomputer?（我能用一下你的電腦嗎？）B:Sorry.I'mgoingtoworkonitnow.對(duì)不起，我正在忙著用電腦。）A:Well,couldIwatchTV?那么，我能看電視嗎？）B:Yes,youcan.（是，你可以看電視。）Butyouhavetocleanyourroom.（但是是在你打掃完房間之后。）重點(diǎn)短語：dothedishes=washthedishes洗碗takeout取出makeone'sbed整理床鋪workon從事；忙于dochores=dohousework干家務(wù)dothelaundry=washtheclothes洗衣服takecareof=carefor=lookafter照看；照顧sweepthefloor掃地foldone'sclothes疊衣服gotothemovies看電影getaride騎車gotoameeting開會(huì)hate(todo/doing)