如何選擇消毒劑課件

明智的選擇

MakingTheRightChoice

消毒劑

Sanitizers正確選擇的益處

Benefitsof“MakingTheRightChoice”良好的口碑減少財(cái)務(wù)損失合乎法規(guī)的準(zhǔn)則滿足顧客及照顧食品安全帶來(lái)利潤(rùn)微生物的種類

TypesofMicroorganisms螺旋菌SpiralBacteria球菌CocciBacteria桿菌Rod-ShapedBacteria霉菌Molds酵母Yeast常見詞匯

Disinfectant/Disinfect清除100%可繁殖細(xì)胞不能殺滅所有細(xì)菌孢子廣為醫(yī)院所采用常用于泳池和食水消毒常見詞匯

Sanitizer/Sanitize降低微生物污染的程度(99.999%)可分為兩類:無(wú)需過水的消毒劑,用于接觸食物表面(No-rinsefoodcontactsurfacesanitizer)非接觸食物表面的消毒劑(Non-foodcontactsurfacesanitizer)接觸食物表面的消毒劑

FoodContactSurfaceSanitizer

AOACGermicidalDetergentSanitizerTest25oC99ml配制殺菌液加1ml大腸菌或葡萄球菌(至少含細(xì)胞

7.5x107/ml)30秒接觸時(shí)間中和1ml存活細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)所需效率在30秒25oC殺滅率為99.999%01530其他控制微生物的產(chǎn)品

ListofOtherProductClaims

常見詞匯AlgaecideBiocideAntisepticFungicideSlimicidePreservative使用準(zhǔn)則

UsageRestrictions

KeyPoints:PotableWater自來(lái)水稀釋后即時(shí)使用

-非循環(huán)再用準(zhǔn)確的濃度不能過低-效力受質(zhì)疑不能過高-違反法例氯氣

ChlorineGas氯氣(ChlorineGas)次氯酸鈉,次氯酸鈣,次氯酸鋰(Sodium,calcium,lithiumhypochlorites)粉狀有機(jī)氯性來(lái)源:

最高濃度-200ppmavailablechlorine“氯”的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

ChlorineAdvantages用途廣泛能抵受硬水于低溫下仍有高效能較為經(jīng)濟(jì)不留殘余物/不會(huì)形成水垢100%50%0%HOCIActivity45678910pH“‘氯”的缺點(diǎn)

ChlorineDisadvantages可能形成有毒的氯氣腐蝕性刺激性不穩(wěn)定-保存期短可能形成有毒的副產(chǎn)品,TrihalomethaneCompounds(THM’s)“碘”消毒劑

Iodophors碘(Iodine)+表面活性劑(Surfactant)+酸(Acid)最高濃度-25ppm“碘”消毒劑的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

IodophorsAdvantages用途廣泛較“氯”溫和低毒有效的酸堿度較““氯”廣泛-pH2-8腐蝕性較“氯”低穩(wěn)定-保存期長(zhǎng)顏色容易辨認(rèn)酸堿度對(duì)“碘”消毒劑的影響

EffectofpHonIodophorSanitizersNote:I2

是最有活性的形態(tài)pH4610ChemicalSpeciesI2IO-,HIOI3-,IO3-,I-Color顏色混濁Amber澄清ClearActivity活性

有活性Active無(wú)活性Inactive“季銨”

Quaternary

AmmoniumChloride

CompoundsFDA所允許于食物接觸表面，無(wú)需過水之消毒濃度-200ppm“季銨”的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

QuaternaryAmmoniumChlorideCompoundAdvantages無(wú)毒,無(wú)嗅,無(wú)色不含腐蝕性溫度穩(wěn)定對(duì)有機(jī)污垢有較穩(wěn)定的效能用途廣泛有較長(zhǎng)的殘效期有清潔及滲透污垢的能力穩(wěn)定-保存期長(zhǎng)控制霉菌具辟味功效酸性陰離子

AcidAnionics陰離子的表面活性劑(AnionicSurfactants)+酸(Acid)雙重作用:

消毒及酸性過水(sanitize&acidrinse)酸性陰離子的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

AcidAnionics

Advantages穩(wěn)定-保存期較長(zhǎng)一般不含腐蝕性無(wú)染色副作用較少難聞的氣味不受硬水影響清除及控制礦物質(zhì)形成的水垢對(duì)噬菌體有良好反應(yīng)羧酸

CarboxylicAcid脂肪酸(Fattyacids)+有機(jī)酸(organicacids)+礦物酸(mineralacid)雙重作用:

消毒及酸性過水

sanitize&acidrinse低泡羧酸的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

CarboxylicAcidAdvantages用于CIP清潔時(shí)，泡沫較少?gòu)V泛控制細(xì)菌活動(dòng)穩(wěn)定-保存期較長(zhǎng)不受硬水影響清除及控制礦物質(zhì)形成的水垢無(wú)染色副作用羧酸的缺點(diǎn)CarboxylicAcidDisadvantages不能完全控制真菌對(duì)酸堿度敏感-理想酸堿度<3.5受陽(yáng)離子表面活性劑抑制對(duì)溫度敏感，使用溫度應(yīng)>55oC潛在腐蝕性，需根據(jù)器材、物料使用而定過氧醋酸消毒劑

PeroxyaceticAcidSanitizer

OneoftheMostEffectiveSanitizersAgainstBiofilms"Aconductance-basedsurfacedisinfectiontestforfoodhygiene."

LettersinAppliedMicrobiology.1990.11,255-259.

Conclusion:Theperacidswerethemosteffectiveofthecompoundstestedagainstorganismspresentasbiofilms."EffectofCleanersandSanitizersonListeriamonocytogenesAttachedtoProductContactSurfaces."

JournalofFoodProtection.1992.Vol.55,No.4,246-251

Conclusion:ThemosteffectivesanitizersagainstattachedcellsonvarioussurfacesincludedOXONIAACTIVE."ControlofBiofilmsinBreweriesThroughCleaningandSanitizing."

MBAATechnicalQuarterly.1992.Vol29,86-88.

Conclusion:Peraceticacidsanitizerprovidedthegreatestreductioninviablebiofilmbacteriaaftera2minutecontacttime.Thefollowingarearticlesfromscientificjournalsthatindicate

peroxyaceticacidsanitizersaremosteffectiveincontrollingbiofilms:過氧醋酸消毒劑

PeroxyaceticAcidSanitizer

OneoftheMostEffectiveSanitizersAgainstBiofilms"Biofilmsandtheirconsequences,withparticularreferencetohygieneinthefoodindustry."

JournalofAppliedBacteriology.1993.75,499-511.

Conclusion:Themosteffectiveoftheproductstestedonbiofilmswasperaceticacid."ScientificStatusSummary:MicrobialAttachmentAndBiofilmFormation:ANewProblemForTheFoodIndustry."

FoodTechnology.1994.Vol.48,No.7,107-114."Biofims&DisinfectionDevelopmentofaMicroorganismCarrier-SurfaceMethod."

SciencesDesAliments.1992.Vol.12,721-728.Thefollowingarearticlesfromscientificjournalsthatindicate

peroxyaceticacidsanitizersaremosteffectiveincontrollingbiofilms:過氧醋酸的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

PeroxyaceticAcidAdvantages低泡適合任何溫度結(jié)合消毒及酸性過水不留殘余物質(zhì)不會(huì)腐蝕不銹鋼及鋁較能抵受有機(jī)污垢不含磷環(huán)保殺菌力廣泛能于酸堿值達(dá)7.5發(fā)揮消毒效能過氧醋酸-環(huán)保PeroxyaceticAcid,EnvironmentallyResponsible過氧醋酸(PeroxyaceticAcid)和過氧化氫(HydrogenPeroxide)分解

水(Water)氧(Oxygen)醋酸(AceticAcid)(Vinegar)溫度對(duì)消毒劑效能的影響EffectofTemperatureonSanitizerEfficacy過氧酸vs.酸性消毒劑酸堿度對(duì)消毒劑效能的影響EffectofpHonSanitizerEfficacy過氧酸vs.酸性消毒劑葡萄球菌Staphylococcusaureus大腸菌Escherichiacoli3.0pH5.040oF70oF51LOGREDUCTIONSLOGREDUCTIONS51過氧酸酸 過氧酸酸過氧酸酸過氧酸

酸Acid過氧醋酸的缺點(diǎn)

PeroxyaceticAcidDisadvantages對(duì)金屬離子敏感腐蝕軟金屬濃縮時(shí)有醋酸味不能完全殺滅真菌化學(xué)消毒劑殺菌力的比較

RelativeAntimicrobialActivityofChemicalSanitizers%RELATIVEEFFICACY革蘭氏陽(yáng)性GRAM+BACTERIA革蘭氏陰性GRAM-BACTERIA酵母YEASTS霉菌MOLDS過氧醋酸PeroxyaceticAcid“氯“Chlorine“碘”消毒Iodophors酸性陰離子AcidAnionics“季銨”Quats消毒劑vs.微生物熱水

HotWaterPMO(PasteurizedMilkOrdinance)-最少攝氏170度,5分鐘IDF(InternationalDairyFederation)-最少攝氏185度,15分鐘結(jié)合“時(shí)間”和“溫度”是熱水消毒(HotWaterSanitizing)最重要一環(huán)熱水的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

HotWaterAdvantages經(jīng)濟(jì)容易供應(yīng)廣泛殺菌能力不含腐蝕性滲透熱水的缺點(diǎn)

HotWaterDisadvantages過程緩慢形成水垢損害器材凝聚水點(diǎn)不安全成本高(能源,器材,水處理)增加消毒劑的效能

MaximizingSanitizerEffectiveness清潔表面全面接觸溫度濃度接觸的時(shí)間酸堿度水的質(zhì)量微生物的種類微生物的數(shù)量為何要把清潔及消毒兩個(gè)程序分開

WhyShouldCleaning&Sanitizing

BeCarriedOutAsTwoSteps?任何的殘余污垢都會(huì)影響消毒劑在化學(xué)及物理學(xué)上的效能微生物可能會(huì)隱藏于污垢中,使消毒劑不能直接發(fā)揮效能抗化學(xué)殺菌劑微生物排列

DescendingOrderofResistance

toGermicidalChemicals細(xì)菌孢子Becterialspores霉菌Mycobacteria無(wú)類脂病菌或小病菌Nonlipidorsmallviruses真菌Fungi營(yíng)養(yǎng)細(xì)菌Begetativebacteria類脂病毒或中等大小病毒Lipidormediumsizedviruses消毒劑使用方法

SanitizerApplication噴射浸或循環(huán)流動(dòng)泡沫打霧接觸時(shí)間:EPA30秒Label1-2分鐘一般消毒劑使用指引

GeneralGuidelinefor

SanitizerApplication1.消毒應(yīng)為清潔過程之最后步驟(先清潔,后消毒)2.消毒完成后超過4小時(shí),應(yīng)在使用前重新消毒細(xì)菌數(shù)量020406080100120140160180200220etc.清潔后時(shí)間(分鐘)延滯期8163264128256迅速增長(zhǎng)消毒劑對(duì)污水處理系統(tǒng)的影響

EffectofSanitizersonWasteTreatmentPlants不正確使用大量排放或泄漏影響因素消毒劑對(duì)污水處理系統(tǒng)的影響

Effectof