如何選擇消毒劑課件

明智的選擇

MakingTheRightChoice

消毒劑

Sanitizers正確選擇的益處

Benefitsof“MakingTheRightChoice”良好的口碑減少財(cái)務(wù)損失合乎法規(guī)的準(zhǔn)則滿足顧客及照顧食品安全帶來利潤微生物的種類

TypesofMicroorganisms螺旋菌SpiralBacteria球菌CocciBacteria桿菌Rod-ShapedBacteria霉菌Molds酵母Yeast常見詞匯

Disinfectant/Disinfect清除100%可繁殖細(xì)胞不能殺滅所有細(xì)菌孢子廣為醫(yī)院所采用常用于泳池和食水消毒常見詞匯

Sanitizer/Sanitize降低微生物污染的程度(99.999%)可分為兩類:無需過水的消毒劑,用于接觸食物表面(No-rinsefoodcontactsurfacesanitizer)非接觸食物表面的消毒劑(Non-foodcontactsurfacesanitizer)接觸食物表面的消毒劑

FoodContactSurfaceSanitizer

AOACGermicidalDetergentSanitizerTest25oC99ml配制殺菌液加1ml大腸菌或葡萄球菌(至少含細(xì)胞

7.5x107/ml)30秒接觸時間中和1ml存活細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)所需效率在30秒25oC殺滅率為99.999%01530其他控制微生物的產(chǎn)品

ListofOtherProductClaims

常見詞匯AlgaecideBiocideAntisepticFungicideSlimicidePreservative使用準(zhǔn)則

UsageRestrictions

KeyPoints:PotableWater自來水稀釋后即時使用

-非循環(huán)再用準(zhǔn)確的濃度不能過低-效力受質(zhì)疑不能過高-違反法例氯氣

ChlorineGas氯氣(ChlorineGas)次氯酸鈉,次氯酸鈣,次氯酸鋰(Sodium,calcium,lithiumhypochlorites)粉狀有機(jī)氯性來源:

最高濃度-200ppmavailablechlorine“氯”的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

ChlorineAdvantages用途廣泛能抵受硬水于低溫下仍有高效能較為經(jīng)濟(jì)不留殘余物/不會形成水垢100%50%0%HOCIActivity45678910pH“‘氯”的缺點(diǎn)

ChlorineDisadvantages可能形成有毒的氯氣腐蝕性刺激性不穩(wěn)定-保存期短可能形成有毒的副產(chǎn)品,TrihalomethaneCompounds(THM’s)“碘”消毒劑

Iodophors碘(Iodine)+表面活性劑(Surfactant)+酸(Acid)最高濃度-25ppm“碘”消毒劑的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

IodophorsAdvantages用途廣泛較“氯”溫和低毒有效的酸堿度較““氯”廣泛-pH2-8腐蝕性較“氯”低穩(wěn)定-保存期長顏色容易辨認(rèn)酸堿度對“碘”消毒劑的影響

EffectofpHonIodophorSanitizersNote:I2

是最有活性的形態(tài)pH4610ChemicalSpeciesI2IO-,HIOI3-,IO3-,I-Color顏色混濁Amber澄清ClearActivity活性

有活性Active無活性Inactive“季銨”

Quaternary

AmmoniumChloride

CompoundsFDA所允許于食物接觸表面，無需過水之消毒濃度-200ppm“季銨”的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

QuaternaryAmmoniumChlorideCompoundAdvantages無毒,無嗅,無色不含腐蝕性溫度穩(wěn)定對有機(jī)污垢有較穩(wěn)定的效能用途廣泛有較長的殘效期有清潔及滲透污垢的能力穩(wěn)定-保存期長控制霉菌具辟味功效酸性陰離子

AcidAnionics陰離子的表面活性劑(AnionicSurfactants)+酸(Acid)雙重作用:

消毒及酸性過水(sanitize&acidrinse)酸性陰離子的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

AcidAnionics

Advantages穩(wěn)定-保存期較長一般不含腐蝕性無染色副作用較少難聞的氣味不受硬水影響清除及控制礦物質(zhì)形成的水垢對噬菌體有良好反應(yīng)羧酸

CarboxylicAcid脂肪酸(Fattyacids)+有機(jī)酸(organicacids)+礦物酸(mineralacid)雙重作用:

消毒及酸性過水

sanitize&acidrinse低泡羧酸的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

CarboxylicAcidAdvantages用于CIP清潔時，泡沫較少廣泛控制細(xì)菌活動穩(wěn)定-保存期較長不受硬水影響清除及控制礦物質(zhì)形成的水垢無染色副作用羧酸的缺點(diǎn)CarboxylicAcidDisadvantages不能完全控制真菌對酸堿度敏感-理想酸堿度<3.5受陽離子表面活性劑抑制對溫度敏感，使用溫度應(yīng)>55oC潛在腐蝕性，需根據(jù)器材、物料使用而定過氧醋酸消毒劑

PeroxyaceticAcidSanitizer

OneoftheMostEffectiveSanitizersAgainstBiofilms"Aconductance-basedsurfacedisinfectiontestforfoodhygiene."

LettersinAppliedMicrobiology.1990.11,255-259.

Conclusion:Theperacidswerethemosteffectiveofthecompoundstestedagainstorganismspresentasbiofilms."EffectofCleanersandSanitizersonListeriamonocytogenesAttachedtoProductContactSurfaces."

JournalofFoodProtection.1992.Vol.55,No.4,246-251

Conclusion:ThemosteffectivesanitizersagainstattachedcellsonvarioussurfacesincludedOXONIAACTIVE."ControlofBiofilmsinBreweriesThroughCleaningandSanitizing."

MBAATechnicalQuarterly.1992.Vol29,86-88.

Conclusion:Peraceticacidsanitizerprovidedthegreatestreductioninviablebiofilmbacteriaaftera2minutecontacttime.Thefollowingarearticlesfromscientificjournalsthatindicate

peroxyaceticacidsanitizersaremosteffectiveincontrollingbiofilms:過氧醋酸消毒劑

PeroxyaceticAcidSanitizer

OneoftheMostEffectiveSanitizersAgainstBiofilms"Biofilmsandtheirconsequences,withparticularreferencetohygieneinthefoodindustry."

JournalofAppliedBacteriology.1993.75,499-511.

Conclusion:Themosteffectiveoftheproductstestedonbiofilmswasperaceticacid."ScientificStatusSummary:MicrobialAttachmentAndBiofilmFormation:ANewProblemForTheFoodIndustry."

FoodTechnology.1994.Vol.48,No.7,107-114."Biofims&DisinfectionDevelopmentofaMicroorganismCarrier-SurfaceMethod."

SciencesDesAliments.1992.Vol.12,721-728.Thefollowingarearticlesfromscientificjournalsthatindicate

peroxyaceticacidsanitizersaremosteffectiveincontrollingbiofilms:過氧醋酸的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

PeroxyaceticAcidAdvantages低泡適合任何溫度結(jié)合消毒及酸性過水不留殘余物質(zhì)不會腐蝕不銹鋼及鋁較能抵受有機(jī)污垢不含磷環(huán)保殺菌力廣泛能于酸堿值達(dá)7.5發(fā)揮消毒效能過氧醋酸-環(huán)保PeroxyaceticAcid,EnvironmentallyResponsible過氧醋酸(PeroxyaceticAcid)和過氧化氫(HydrogenPeroxide)分解

水(Water)氧(Oxygen)醋酸(AceticAcid)(Vinegar)溫度對消毒劑效能的影響EffectofTemperatureonSanitizerEfficacy過氧酸vs.酸性消毒劑酸堿度對消毒劑效能的影響EffectofpHonSanitizerEfficacy過氧酸vs.酸性消毒劑葡萄球菌Staphylococcusaureus大腸菌Escherichiacoli3.0pH5.040oF70oF51LOGREDUCTIONSLOGREDUCTIONS51過氧酸酸 過氧酸酸過氧酸酸過氧酸

酸Acid過氧醋酸的缺點(diǎn)

PeroxyaceticAcidDisadvantages對金屬離子敏感腐蝕軟金屬濃縮時有醋酸味不能完全殺滅真菌化學(xué)消毒劑殺菌力的比較

RelativeAntimicrobialActivityofChemicalSanitizers%RELATIVEEFFICACY革蘭氏陽性GRAM+BACTERIA革蘭氏陰性GRAM-BACTERIA酵母YEASTS霉菌MOLDS過氧醋酸PeroxyaceticAcid“氯“Chlorine“碘”消毒Iodophors酸性陰離子AcidAnionics“季銨”Quats消毒劑vs.微生物熱水

HotWaterPMO(PasteurizedMilkOrdinance)-最少攝氏170度,5分鐘IDF(InternationalDairyFederation)-最少攝氏185度,15分鐘結(jié)合“時間”和“溫度”是熱水消毒(HotWaterSanitizing)最重要一環(huán)熱水的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

HotWaterAdvantages經(jīng)濟(jì)容易供應(yīng)廣泛殺菌能力不含腐蝕性滲透熱水的缺點(diǎn)

HotWaterDisadvantages過程緩慢形成水垢損害器材凝聚水點(diǎn)不安全成本高(能源,器材,水處理)增加消毒劑的效能

MaximizingSanitizerEffectiveness清潔表面全面接觸溫度濃度接觸的時間酸堿度水的質(zhì)量微生物的種類微生物的數(shù)量為何要把清潔及消毒兩個程序分開

WhyShouldCleaning&Sanitizing

BeCarriedOutAsTwoSteps?任何的殘余污垢都會影響消毒劑在化學(xué)及物理學(xué)上的效能微生物可能會隱藏于污垢中,使消毒劑不能直接發(fā)揮效能抗化學(xué)殺菌劑微生物排列

DescendingOrderofResistance

toGermicidalChemicals細(xì)菌孢子Becterialspores霉菌Mycobacteria無類脂病菌或小病菌Nonlipidorsmallviruses真菌Fungi營養(yǎng)細(xì)菌Begetativebacteria類脂病毒或中等大小病毒Lipidormediumsizedviruses消毒劑使用方法

SanitizerApplication噴射浸或循環(huán)流動泡沫打霧接觸時間:EPA30秒Label1-2分鐘一般消毒劑使用指引

GeneralGuidelinefor

SanitizerApplication1.消毒應(yīng)為清潔過程之最后步驟(先清潔,后消毒)2.消毒完成后超過4小時,應(yīng)在使用前重新消毒細(xì)菌數(shù)量020406080100120140160180200220etc.清潔后時間(分鐘)延滯期8163264128256迅速增長消毒劑對污水處理系統(tǒng)的影響

EffectofSanitizersonWasteTreatmentPlants不正確使用大量排放或泄漏影響因素消毒劑對污水處理系統(tǒng)的影響

Effectof