海牙規(guī)則中+英

-.z統(tǒng)一提單的假設(shè)干法律規(guī)則的國際公約〔1924年8月22日訂于布魯塞爾，1924年8月25日公布，1942年8月25日實(shí)施〕

第一條本公約所用以下各詞，涵義如下：

(a)“承運(yùn)人〞包括與托運(yùn)人訂有運(yùn)輸合同的船舶所有人或租船人。(b)

“運(yùn)輸合同〞僅適用于以提單或任何類似的物權(quán)憑證進(jìn)展有關(guān)海上貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)暮贤辉谧獯贤禄蚋鶕?jù)租船合同所簽發(fā)的提單或任何物權(quán)憑證，在它們成為制約承運(yùn)人與憑證持有人之間的關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則時(shí)，也包括在。(c)

“貨物〞包括貨物、制品、商品和任何種類的物品，但活牲畜以及在運(yùn)輸合同上載明裝載于艙面上并且已經(jīng)這樣裝運(yùn)的貨物除外。

(d)“船舶〞是指用于海上貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)娜魏未啊?e)

“貨物運(yùn)輸〞是指自貨物裝上船時(shí)起，至卸下船時(shí)止的一段期間。第二條除遵照第六條規(guī)定外，每個(gè)海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同的承運(yùn)人，對有關(guān)貨物的裝載、搬運(yùn)、積載、運(yùn)送、保管、照料和卸載，都應(yīng)按照以下規(guī)定承當(dāng)責(zé)任和義務(wù)，并享受權(quán)利和豁免。

第三條1．承運(yùn)人須在開航前和開航時(shí)慎重處理：

(a)

使船舶適航；

(b)

適當(dāng)?shù)嘏鋫浯瑔T、裝備船舶和供給船舶；(c)

使貨艙、冷藏艙和該船其他載貨處所能適宜和平安地收受、運(yùn)送和保管貨物。

2．除遵照第四條規(guī)定外，承運(yùn)人應(yīng)適當(dāng)和慎重地裝卸、搬運(yùn)、積載、運(yùn)送、保管、照料和卸載所運(yùn)貨物。

3．承運(yùn)人或船長或承運(yùn)人的代理人在收受貨物歸其照管后，經(jīng)托運(yùn)人的請求，應(yīng)向托運(yùn)人簽發(fā)提單，其上載明以下各項(xiàng)：(a)與開場裝貨前由托運(yùn)人書面提供者一樣的、為識別貨物所需的主要標(biāo)志，如果這項(xiàng)標(biāo)志是以印戳或其他方式標(biāo)示在不帶包裝的貨物上，或在其中裝有貨物的箱子或包裝物上，該項(xiàng)標(biāo)志通常應(yīng)在航程終了時(shí)仍能保持清晰可認(rèn)。

(b)托運(yùn)人用書面提供的包數(shù)或件數(shù)，或數(shù)量，或重量。

(c)貨物的外表狀況。

但是，承運(yùn)人、船長或承運(yùn)人的代理人，不一定必須將任何貨物的標(biāo)志、、數(shù)量或重量說明或標(biāo)示在提單上，如果他有合理根據(jù)疑心提單不能正確代表實(shí)際收到的貨物，或無適當(dāng)方法進(jìn)展核對的話。

4．依照第3款(a)、(b)、(c)項(xiàng)所載容的這樣一提單，應(yīng)作為承運(yùn)人收到該提單中所載貨物的初步證據(jù)。

5．托運(yùn)人應(yīng)被視為已在裝船時(shí)向承運(yùn)人保證，由他提供的標(biāo)志、件數(shù)、數(shù)量和重量均正確無誤；并應(yīng)賠償給承運(yùn)人由于這些工程不正確所引起或?qū)е碌囊磺袦缡?、損壞和費(fèi)用。承運(yùn)人的這種賠償權(quán)利，并不減輕其根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同對托運(yùn)人以外的任何人所承當(dāng)?shù)呢?zé)任和義務(wù)。

6．在將貨物移交給根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同有權(quán)收貨的人之前或當(dāng)時(shí)，除非在卸貨港將貨物的滅失和損害的一般情況，已用書面通知承運(yùn)人或其代理人，則這種移交應(yīng)作為承運(yùn)人已按照提單規(guī)定交付貨物的初步證據(jù)。

如果滅失或損壞不明顯，則這種通知應(yīng)于交付貨物之日起的三天提交。

如果貨物狀況在收受時(shí)已經(jīng)進(jìn)展聯(lián)合檢驗(yàn)或檢查，就無須再提交書面通知。

除非從貨物交付之日或應(yīng)交付之日起一年提出訴訟，承運(yùn)人和船舶在任何情況下都免除對滅失或損害所負(fù)的一切責(zé)任。

遇有任何實(shí)際的或推定的滅失或損害，承運(yùn)人與收貨人必須為檢驗(yàn)和清點(diǎn)貨物相互給予一切合理便利。

7．貨物裝船后，如果托運(yùn)人要求，簽發(fā)“已裝船〞提單，承運(yùn)人、船長或承運(yùn)人的代理人簽發(fā)給托運(yùn)人的提單，應(yīng)為“已裝船〞提單，如果托運(yùn)人事先已取得這種貨物的物權(quán)單據(jù)，應(yīng)交還這種單據(jù)，換取“已裝船〞提單。但是，也可以根據(jù)承運(yùn)人的決定，在裝貨港由承運(yùn)人、船長或其代理人在上述物權(quán)單據(jù)上注明裝貨船名和裝船日期。經(jīng)過這樣注明的上述單據(jù)，如果載有第三條第3款所指工程，即應(yīng)成為本條所指的“已裝船〞提單。8．運(yùn)輸合同中的任何條款、約定或協(xié)議，但凡解除承運(yùn)人或船舶對由于疏忽、過失或未履行本條規(guī)定的責(zé)任和義務(wù)，因而引起貨物或關(guān)于貨物的滅失或損害的責(zé)任的，或以下同于本公約的規(guī)定減輕這種責(zé)任的，則一律無效。有利于承運(yùn)人的保險(xiǎn)利益或類似的條款，應(yīng)視為屬于免除承運(yùn)人責(zé)任的條款。

第四條

1．不管承運(yùn)人或船舶，對于因不適航所引起的滅失或損壞，都不負(fù)責(zé)，除非造成的原因是由于承運(yùn)人未按第三條第1款的規(guī)定，克盡職責(zé)；使船舶適航；保證適當(dāng)?shù)嘏鋫浯瑔T、裝備和供給該船，以及使貨艙、冷藏艙和該船的其它裝貨處所能適宜并平安地收受、運(yùn)送和保管貨物。凡由于船舶不適航所引起的滅失和損害，對于已克盡職責(zé)的舉證責(zé)任，應(yīng)由根據(jù)本條規(guī)定要求免責(zé)的承運(yùn)人或其他人承當(dāng)。

2．不管承運(yùn)人或船舶，對由于以下原因引起或造成的滅失或損壞，都不負(fù)責(zé)：(a)

船長、船員、引水員或承運(yùn)人的雇傭人員，在駕駛船舶或管理船舶中的行為、疏忽或不履行義務(wù)；(b)

火災(zāi)，但由于承運(yùn)人的實(shí)際過失或私謀所引起的除外；(c)

海上或其它可航水域的災(zāi)難、危險(xiǎn)和意外事故；(d)

天災(zāi)；(e)

戰(zhàn)爭行為；(f)

公敵行為；(g)

君主、當(dāng)權(quán)者或人民的拘留或管制，或依法扣押；(h)

檢疫限制；(i)

托運(yùn)人或貨主、其代理人或代表的行為或不行為；(j)

不管由于任何原因所引起的局部或全面罷工、關(guān)廠停頓或限制工作；(k)

暴動(dòng)和騷亂；(l)

救助或企圖救助海上人命或財(cái)產(chǎn)；(m)

由于貨物的固有缺點(diǎn)、質(zhì)量或缺陷引起的體積或重量虧損，或任何其它滅失或損壞；(n)

包裝不充分；(o)

標(biāo)志不清或不當(dāng)；(p)

雖克盡職責(zé)亦不能發(fā)現(xiàn)的潛在缺點(diǎn)；(q)

非由于承運(yùn)人的實(shí)際過失或私謀，或者承運(yùn)人的代理人，或雇傭人員的過失或疏忽所引起的其它任何原因；但是要求引用這條免責(zé)利益的人應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)舉證，證明有關(guān)的滅失或損壞既非由于承運(yùn)人的實(shí)際過失或私謀，亦非承運(yùn)人的代理人或雇傭人員的過失或疏忽所造成；3.

對于任何非因托運(yùn)人、托運(yùn)人的代理人或其雇傭人員的行為、過失或疏忽所引起的使承運(yùn)人或船舶遭受的滅失或損壞，托運(yùn)人不負(fù)責(zé)任。4.

為救助或企圖救助海上人命或財(cái)產(chǎn)而發(fā)生的繞航，或任何合理繞航，都不能作為破壞或違反本公約或運(yùn)輸合同的行為；承運(yùn)人對由此而引起的任何滅失或損害，都不負(fù)責(zé)。5.

承運(yùn)人或是船舶，在任何情況下對貨物或與貨物有關(guān)的滅失或損害，每件或每計(jì)費(fèi)單位超過一百英鎊或與其等值的其他貨幣的局部，都不負(fù)責(zé)；但托運(yùn)人于裝貨前已就該項(xiàng)貨物的性質(zhì)和價(jià)值提出聲明，并已在提單中注明的，不在此限。

該項(xiàng)聲明如經(jīng)載入提單，即作為初步證據(jù)，但它對承運(yùn)人并不具有約束力或最終效力。

經(jīng)承運(yùn)人、船長或承運(yùn)人的代理人與托運(yùn)人雙方協(xié)議，可規(guī)定不同于本款規(guī)定的另一最高限額，但該最高限額不得低于上述數(shù)額。如承運(yùn)人在提單中，成心謊報(bào)貨物性質(zhì)或價(jià)值，則在任何情況下，承運(yùn)人或是船舶，對貨物或與貨物有關(guān)的滅失或損害，都不負(fù)責(zé)。6．承運(yùn)人、船長或承運(yùn)人的代理人對于事先不知性質(zhì)而裝載的具有易燃、爆炸或危險(xiǎn)性的貨物，可在卸貨前的任何時(shí)候?qū)⑵湫对谌魏蔚攸c(diǎn)，或?qū)⑵滗N毀，或使之無害，而不予賠償；該項(xiàng)貨物的托運(yùn)人，應(yīng)對由于裝載該項(xiàng)貨物而直接或間接引起的一切損害或費(fèi)用負(fù)責(zé)。如果承運(yùn)人知道該項(xiàng)貨物的性質(zhì)，并已同意裝載，則在該項(xiàng)貨物對船舶或貨載發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，亦得同樣將該項(xiàng)貨物卸在任何地點(diǎn)，或?qū)⑵滗N毀，或使之無害，而不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任，但如發(fā)生共同海損不在此限。

第五條

承運(yùn)人可以自由地全部或局部放棄本公約中所規(guī)定的他的權(quán)利和豁免，或增加他所應(yīng)承當(dāng)?shù)娜魏我豁?xiàng)責(zé)任和義務(wù)。但是這種放棄或增加，須在簽發(fā)給托運(yùn)人的提單上注明。本公約的規(guī)定，不適用于租船合同，但如果提單是根據(jù)租船合同簽發(fā)的，則上述提單應(yīng)符合本公約的規(guī)定。本公約中的任何規(guī)定，都不得阻礙在提單中加注有關(guān)共同海損的任何合法條款。

第六條

雖有前述各條規(guī)定，只要不違反公共秩序，承運(yùn)人、船長或承運(yùn)人的代理人得與托運(yùn)人就承運(yùn)人對任何特定貨物應(yīng)負(fù)的責(zé)任和應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)，及其所享受的權(quán)利與豁免，或船舶適航的責(zé)任等，以任何條件，自由地訂立任何協(xié)議?；蚓统羞\(yùn)人雇傭人員或代理人在海運(yùn)貨物的裝載、搬運(yùn)、積載、運(yùn)送、保管、照料和卸載方面應(yīng)注意及慎重的事項(xiàng)，自由訂立任何協(xié)議。但在這種情況下，必須是未曾簽發(fā)或?qū)⒉缓灠l(fā)提單，而且應(yīng)將上述協(xié)議的條款載入不得轉(zhuǎn)讓并注明這種字樣的單證。

這樣訂立的任何協(xié)議，都具有完全的法律效力。但本條規(guī)定不適用于依照普通貿(mào)易程序成交的一般商業(yè)貨運(yùn)，而僅在擬裝運(yùn)的財(cái)物的性質(zhì)和狀況，或據(jù)以進(jìn)展運(yùn)輸?shù)沫h(huán)境、條款和條件，有訂立特別協(xié)議的合理需要時(shí)，才能適用。

第七條

本條約中的任何規(guī)定，都不阻礙承運(yùn)人或托運(yùn)人就承運(yùn)人或船舶對海運(yùn)船舶所載貨物于裝船以前或卸船以后所受滅失或損害，或與貨物的保管、照料和搬運(yùn)有關(guān)的滅失或損害所應(yīng)承當(dāng)?shù)呢?zé)任與義務(wù)，訂立任何協(xié)議、規(guī)定、條件、保存或免責(zé)條款。

第八條

本公約各條規(guī)定，都不影響有關(guān)海運(yùn)船舶所有人責(zé)任限制的任何現(xiàn)行法令所規(guī)定的承運(yùn)人的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。

第九條

本公約所提到的貨幣單位為金價(jià)。

凡締約國中不以英鎊作為貨幣單位的，得保存其將本公約所指的英鎊數(shù)額以四舍五入的方式折合為本國貨幣的權(quán)利。各國法律可以為債務(wù)人保存按船舶抵達(dá)卸貨港之日通知的兌換率，以本國貨幣償清其有關(guān)貨物的債務(wù)的權(quán)利。

第十條

本公約和各項(xiàng)規(guī)定，適用于在任何締約國所簽發(fā)的一切提單。

第十一條

自本公約簽字之日起不超過二年的期限，比利時(shí)政府應(yīng)與已聲明擬批準(zhǔn)本公約的締約國保持聯(lián)系，以便決定是否使本公約生效。批準(zhǔn)書應(yīng)于各締約國協(xié)商確定的日期交存于布魯塞爾。首次交存的批準(zhǔn)書應(yīng)載入由參加國代表及比利時(shí)外交部長簽署的議定書。

以后交存的批準(zhǔn)書，應(yīng)以書面通知送交比利時(shí)政府，并隨附批準(zhǔn)文件。比利時(shí)政府，應(yīng)立即將有關(guān)記載首次交存批準(zhǔn)書的議定書和上段所指的通知，隨附批準(zhǔn)書等的核證無誤的副本，通過外交途徑送交已簽署本公約或已參加本公約的國家。在上段所指情況下，比利時(shí)政府應(yīng)于收到通知的同時(shí)，知照各國。

第十二條

凡未簽署本公約的國家，不管是否已出席在布魯塞爾召開的國際會(huì)議，都可以參加本公約。

擬參加本公約的國家，應(yīng)將其意圖用書面通知比利時(shí)政府，并送交其參加的文件，該項(xiàng)文件應(yīng)存放在比利時(shí)政府檔案庫。比利時(shí)政府應(yīng)立即將參加本公約通知書的核證無誤的副本，分送已簽署本公約或已參加本公約的國家，并注明它收到上述通知的日期。

第十三條

締約國的簽署、批準(zhǔn)或參加本公約時(shí)，可以聲明其承受本公約并不包括其任何或全部自治領(lǐng)或殖民地、海外屬地、保護(hù)國或在其主權(quán)或權(quán)力管轄下的地域；并且可以在此后代表這些聲明中未包括的任何自治領(lǐng)或殖民地、海外屬地、保護(hù)國或地域?qū)⒎謩e參加本公約。各締約國還可以根據(jù)本公約的規(guī)定，代表其任何自治領(lǐng)或殖民地、海外屬地、保護(hù)國或其主權(quán)或權(quán)力管轄下的地域?qū)⒎謩e聲明退出本公約。

第十四條

本公約在首批交存批準(zhǔn)書的各國之間，于議定書記載此項(xiàng)交存之日起一年后開場生效。此后批準(zhǔn)或參加本公約的各國或根據(jù)第十三條規(guī)定使公約生效的各國，于此比利時(shí)政府收到第十一條第2款及第十二條第2段所指的通知六個(gè)月后生效。第十五條

如有締約國欲退出本公約，應(yīng)用書面通知比利時(shí)政府，比利時(shí)政府立即將核證無誤的通知副本分送其他國家，并注明其收到上述通知的日期。這種退出只對提出通知的國家有效，生效日期從上述通知送達(dá)比利時(shí)政府之日起一年以后開場。

第十六條

任何一個(gè)締約國都有權(quán)就考慮修改本公約事項(xiàng)，請求召開新的會(huì)議。

欲行使此項(xiàng)權(quán)利的國家，應(yīng)通過比利時(shí)政府將其意圖通知其他國家，由比利時(shí)政府安排召開會(huì)議事宜。一九二四年八月二十五日訂于布魯塞爾，計(jì)一份。INTERNATIONALCONVENTIONFORTHEUNIFICATIONOFCERTAINRULESOFLAWRELATINGTOBILLSOFLADING(“HAGUERULES〞),ANDPROTOCOLOFSIGNATURE(Brussels,25August1924)ThePresidentoftheGermanRepublic,thePresidentoftheArgentineRepublic,HisMajestytheKingoftheBelgians,thePresidentoftheRepublicofChile,thePresidentoftheRepublicofCuba,HisMajestytheKingofDenmarkandIceland,HisMajestytheKingofSpain,theHeadoftheEstonianState,thePresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,thePresidentoftheRepublicofFinland,thePresidentoftheFrenchRepublic,HisMajestytheKingoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelandandoftheBritishDominionsbeyondtheSeas,EmperorofIndia,HisMostSupremeHighnesstheGovernoroftheKingdomofHungary,HisMajestytheKingofItaly,HisMajestytheEmperorofJapan,thePresidentoftheLatvianRepublic,thePresidentoftheRepublicofMe*ico,HisMajestytheKingofNorway,HerMajestytheQueenoftheNetherlands,thePresidentoftheRepublicofPeru,thePresidentofthePolishRepublic,thePresidentofthePortugueseRepublic,HisMajestytheKingofRomania,HisMajestytheKingoftheSerbs,CroatsandSlovenes,HisMajestytheKingofSweden,andthePresidentoftheRepublicofUruguay,HAVINGRECOGNIZEDtheutilityoffi*ingbyagreementcertainuniformrulesoflawrelatingtobillsoflading,HAVEDECIDEDtoconcludeaconventionwiththisobjectandhaveappointedthefollowingPlenipotentiaries:WHO,dulyauthorizedthereto,haveagreedasfollows:Article1InthisConventionthefollowingwordsareemployedwiththemeaningssetoutbelow:(a)

"Carrier"includestheownerorthechartererwhoentersintoacontractofcarriagewithashipper.(b)

"Contractofcarriage"appliesonlytocontractsofcarriagecoveredbyabillofladingoranysimilardocumentoftitle,insofarassuchdocumentrelatestothecarriageofgoodsbysea,includinganybillofladingoranysimilardocumentasaforesaidissuedunderorpursuanttoacharterpartyfromthemomentatwhichsuchbillofladingorsimilardocumentoftitleregulatestherelationsbetweenacarrierandaholderofthesame.(c)

"Goods"includesgoods,wares,merchandiseandarticlesofeverykindwhatsoevere*ceptliveanimalsandcargowhichbythecontractofcarriageinstatedasbeingcarriedondeckandissocarried.(d)

"Ship"meansanyvesselusedforthecarriageofgoodsbysea.(e)

"Carriageofgoods"coverstheperiodfromthetimewhenthegoodsareloadedontothetimetheyaredischargedfromtheship.Article2SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle6,undereverycontractofcarriageofgoodsbyseathecarrier,inrelationtotheloading,handling,stowage,carriage,custody,careanddischargeofsuchgoods,shallbesubjecttotheresponsibilitiesandliabilities,andentitledtotherightsandimmunitieshereinaftersetforth.Article31.

Thecarriershallbeboundbeforeandatthebeginningofthevoyagetoe*erciseduediligencet(a)

Maketheshipseaworthy.(b)

Properlyman,equipandsupplytheship.(c)

Maketheholds,refrigeratingandcoolchambers,andallotherpartsoftheshipinwhichgoodsarecarried,fitandsafefortheirreception,carriageandpreservation.2.

SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle4,thecarriershallproperlyandcarefullyload,handle,stow,carry,keep,carefor,anddischargethegoodscarried.3.

Afterreceivingthegoodsintohischargethecarrierorthemasteroragentofthecarriershall,ondemandoftheshipper,issuetotheshipperabillofladingshowingamongotherthings:(a)

Theleadingmarksnecessaryforidentificationofthegoodsasthesamearefurnishedinwritingbytheshipperbeforetheloadingofsuchgoodsstarts,providedsuchmarksarestampedorotherwiseshownclearlyuponthegoodsifuncovered,oronthecasesorcoveringsinwhichsuchgoodsarecontained,insuchamannerasshouldordinarilyremainlegibleuntiltheendofthevoyage.(b)

Eitherthenumberofpackagesorpieces,orthequantity,orweight,asthecasemaybe,asfurnishedinwritingbytheshipper.(c)

Theapparentorderandconditionofthegoods.Providedthatnocarrier,masteroragentofthecarriershallbeboundtostateorshowinthebillofladinganymarks,number,quantity,orweightwhichhehasreasonablegroundforsuspectingnotaccuratelytorepresentthegoodsactuallyreceived,orwhichhehashadnoreasonablemeansofchecking.4.

Suchabillofladingshallbeprimafacieevidenceofthereceiptbythecarrierofthegoodsasthereindescribedinaccordancewithparagraph3(a),(b)and(c).5.

Theshippershallbedeemedtohaveguaranteedtothecarriertheaccuracyatthetimeofshipmentofthemarks,number,quantityandweight,asfurnishedbyhim,andtheshippershallindemnitythecarrieragainstallloss,damagesande*pensesarisingorresultingfrominaccuraciesinsuchparticulars.Therightofthecarriertosuchindemnityshallinnowaylimithisresponsibilityandliabilityunderthecontractofcarriagetoanypersonotherthantheshipper.6.

Unlessnoticeoflossordamageandthegeneralnatureofsuchlossordamagebegiveninwritingtothecarrierorhisagentattheportofdischargebeforeoratthetimeoftheremovalofthegoodsintothecustodyofthepersonentitledtodeliverythereofunderthecontractofcarriage,or,ifthelossordamagebenotapparent,withinthreedays,suchremovalshallbeprimafacieevidenceofthedeliverybythecarrierofthegoodsasdescribedinthebilloflading.Ifthelossordamageisnotapparent,thenoticemustbegivenwithinthreedaysofthedeliveryofthegoods.Thenoticeinwritingneednotbegivenifthestateofthegoodshas,atthetimeoftheirreceipt,beenthesubjectofjointsurveyorinspection.Inanyeventthecarrierandtheshipshallbedischargedfromallliabilityinrespectoflossordamageunlesssuitisbroughtwithinoneyearafterdeliveryofthegoodsorthedatewhenthegoodsshouldhavebeendelivered.Inthecaseofanyactualorapprehendedlossordamagethecarrierandthereceivershallgiveallreasonablefacilitiestoeachotherforinspectingandtallyingthegoods.7.

Afterthegoodsareloadedthebillofladingtobeissuedbythecarrier,master,oragentofthecarrier,totheshippershall,iftheshippersodemands,bea"shipped"billoflading,providedthatiftheshippershallhavepreviouslytakenupanydocumentoftitletosuchgoods,heshallsurrenderthesameasagainsttheissueofthe"shipped"billoflading,butattheoptionofthecarriersuchdocumentoftitlemaybenotedattheportofshipmentbythecarrier,master,oragentwiththenameornamesoftheshiporshipsuponwhichthegoodshavebeenshippedandthedateordatesofshipment,andwhensonoted,ifitshowstheparticularsmentionedinparagraph3ofArticle3,shallforthepurposeofthisArticlebedeemedtoconstitutea"shipped"billoflading.8.

Anyclause,covenant,oragreementinacontractofcarriagerelievingthecarrierortheshipfromliabilityforlossordamageto,orinconne*ionwith,goodsarisingfromnegligence,fault,orfailureinthedutiesandobligationsprovidedinthisArticleorlesseningsuchliabilityotherwisethanasprovidedinthisConvention,shallbenullandvoidandofnoeffect.Abenefitofinsuranceinfavourofthecarrierorsimilarclauseshallbedeemedtobeaclauserelievingthecarrierfromliability.Article41.

Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallbeliableforlossordamagearisingorresultingfromunseaworthinessunlesscausedbywantofduediligenceonthepartofthecarriertomaketheshipseaworthyandtosecurethattheshipisproperlymanned,equippedandsupplied,andtomaketheholds,refrigeratingandcoolchambersandallotherpartsoftheshipinwhichgoodsarecarriedfitandsafefortheirreception,carriageandpreservationinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofparagraph1ofArticle3.Wheneverlossordamagehasresultedfromunseaworthinesstheburdenofprovingthee*erciseofduediligenceshallbeonthecarrierorotherpersonclaiminge*emptionunderthisArticle.2.

Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallberesponsibleforlossordamagearisingorresultingfrom:(a)

Act,neglect,ordefaultofthemaster,mariner,pilot,ortheservantsofthecarrierinthenavigationorinthemanagementoftheship.(b)

Fire,unlesscausedbytheactualfaultorprivityofthecarrier.(c)

Perils,dangersandaccidentsoftheseaorothernavigablewaters.(d)

ActofGod.(e)

Actofwar.(f)

Actofpublicenemies.(g)

Arrestorrestraintorprinces,rulersorpeople,orseizureunderlegalprocess.(h)

Quarantinerestrictions.(i)

Actoromissionoftheshipperorownerofthegoods,hisagentorrepresentative.(j)

Strikesorlockoutsorstoppageorrestraintoflabourfromwhatevercause,whetherpartialorgeneral.(k)

Riotsandcivilmotions.(l)

Savingorattemptingtosavelifeorpropertyatsea.(m)

Wastageinbulkorweightoranyotherlossordamagearisingfrominherentdefect,qualityorviceofthegoods.(n)

Insufficiencyofpacking.(o)

Insufficiencyorinadequacyofmarks.(p)

Latentdefectsnotdiscoverablebyduediligence.(q)

Anyothercausearisingwithouttheactualfaultorprivityofthecarrier,orwithouttheactualfaultorneglectoftheagentsorservantsofthecarrier,buttheburdenofproofshallbeonthepersonclaimingthebenefitofthise*ceptiontoshowthatneithertheactualfaultorprivityofthecarriernorthefaultorneglectoftheagentsorservantsofthecarriercontributedtothelossordamage.3.

Theshippershallnotberesponsibleforlossordamagesustainedbythecarrierortheshiparisingorresultingfromanycausewithouttheact,faultorneglectoftheshipper,hisagentsorhisservants.4.

AnydeviationinsavingorattemptingtosavelifeorpropertyatseaoranyreasonabledeviationshallnotbedeemedtobeaninfringementorbreachofthisConventionorofthecontractofcarriage,andthecarriershallnotbeliableforanylossordamageresultingtherefrom.5.

Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallinanyeventbeorbeeliableforanylossordamagetoorinconne*ionwithgoodsinanamounte*ceeding100poundssterlingperpackageorunit,ortheequivalentofthatsuminothercurrencyunlessthenatureandvalueofsuchgoodshavebeendeclaredbytheshipperbeforeshipmentandinsertedinthebilloflading.Thisdeclarationifembodiedinthebillofladingshallbeprimafacieevidence,butshallnotbebindingorconclusiveonthecarrier.Byagreementbetweenthecarrier,masteroragentofthecarrierandtheshipperanotherma*imumamountthanthatmentionedinthisparagraphmaybefi*ed,providedthatsuchma*imumshallnotbelessthanthefigureabovenamed.Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallberesponsibleinanyeventforlossordamageto,orinconne*ionwith,goodsifthenatureorvaluethereofhasbeenknowinglymisstatedbytheshipperinthebilloflading.6.

Goodsofaninflammable,e*plosiveordangerousnaturetotheshipmentwhereofthecarrier,masteroragentofthecarrierhasnotconsentedwithknowledgeoftheirnatureandcharacter,mayatanytimebeforedischargebelandedatanyplace,ordestroyedorrenderedinnocuousbythecarrierwithoutpensationandtheshipperofsuchgoodsshallbeliableforalldamageande*pensesdirectlyorindirectlyarisingoutoforresultingfromsuchshipment.Ifanysuchgoodsshippedwithsuchknowledgeandconsentshallbeeadangertotheshiporcargo,theymayinlikemannerbelandedatanyplace,ordestroyedorrenderedinnocuousbythecarrierwithoutliabilityonthepartofthecarriere*cepttogeneralaverage,ifany.Article5AcarriershallbeatlibertytosurrenderinwholeorinpartalloranyofhisrightsandimmunitiesortoincreaseanyofhisresponsibilitiesandobligationsunderthisConvention,providedsuchsurrenderorincreaseshallbeembodiedinthebillofladingissuedtotheshipper.TheprovisionsofthisConventionshallnotbeapplicabletocharterparties,butifbillsofladingareissuedinthecaseofashipunderacharterpartytheyshallplywiththetermsofthisConvention.Nothingintheserulesshallbeheldtopreventtheinsertioninabillofladingofanylawfulprovisionregardinggeneralaverage.Article6NotwithstandingtheprovisionsoftheprecedingArticles,acarrier,masteroragentofthecarrierandashippershallinregardtoanyparticulargoodsbeatlibertytoenterintoanyagreementinanytermsastotheresponsibilityandliabilityofthecarrierforsuchgoods,andastotherightsandimmunitiesofthecarrierinrespectofsuchgoods,orhisobligationastoseaworthiness,sofarasthisstipulationisnotcontrarytopublicpolicy,orthecareordiligenceofhisservantsoragentsinregardtotheloading,handling,stowage,carriage,custody,careanddischargeofthegoodscarriedbysea,providedthatinthiscasenobillofladinghasbeenorshallbeissuedandthatthetermsagreedshallbeembodiedinareceiptwhichshallbeanon-negotiabledocumentandshallbemarkedassuch.Anyagreementsoenteredintoshallhavefulllegaleffect.ProvidedthatthisArticleshallnotapplytoordinarymercialshipmentsmadeintheordinarycourseoftrade,butonlytoothershipmentswherethecharacterorconditionofthepropertytobecarriedorthecircumstances,termsandconditionsunderwhichthecarriageistobeperformedaresuchasreasonablytojustifyaspecialagreement.Article7Nothinghereincontainedshallpreventacarrierorashipperfromenteringintoanyagreement,stipulation,condition,reservationore*emptionastotheresponsibilityandliabilityofthecarrierortheshipforthelossordamageto,orinconne*ionwith,thecustodyandcareandhandlingofgoodspriortotheloadingon,andsubsequentto,thedischargefromtheshiponwhichthegoodsarecarriedbysea.Article8TheprovisionsofthisConventionshallnotaffecttherightsandobligationsofthecarrierunderanystatuteforthetimebeinginforcerelatingtothelimitationoftheliabilityofownersofsea-goingvessels.Article9ThemonetaryunitsmentionedinthisConventionaretobetakentobegoldvalue.ThosecontractingStatesinwhichthepoundsterlingisnotamonetaryunitreservetothemselvestherightoftranslatingthesumsindicatedinthisConventionintermsofpoundsterlingintotermsoftheirownmonetarysysteminroundfigures.Thenationallawsmayreservetothedebtortherightofdischarginghisdebtinnationalcurrencyaccordingtotherateofe*changeprevailingonthedayofthearrivaloftheshipattheportofdischargeofthegoodsconcerned.Article10TheprovisionsofthisConventionshallapplytoallbillsofladingissuedinanyofthecontractingStates.Article11AfteranintervalofnotmorethantwoyearsfromthedayonwhichtheConventionissigned,theBelgianGovernmentshallplaceitselfinmunicationwiththeGovernmentsoftheHighContractingPartieswhichhavedeclaredthemselvespreparedtoratifytheConvention,withaviewtodecidingwhetheritshallbeputintoforce.TheratificationsshallbedepositedatBrusselsatadatetobefi*edbyagreementamongthesaidGovernments.Thefirstdepositofratificationsshallberecordedinaprocès-verbalsignedbytherepresentativesofthePowerswhichtakepartthereinandbytheBelgianMinisterofForeignAffairs.Thesubsequentdepositofratificationsshallbemadebymeansofawrittennotification,addressedtotheBelgianGovernmentandacpaniedbytheinstrumentofratification.Adulycertifiedcopyoftheprocès-verbalrelatingtothefirstdepositofratifications,ofthenotificationsreferredtointhepreviousparagraph,andalsooftheinstrumentsofratificationacpanyingthem,shallbeimmediatelysentbytheBelgianGovernmentthroughthediplomaticchanneltothePowerswhohavesignedthisConventionorwhohaveaccededtoit.Inthecasescontemplatedintheprecedingparagraph,thesaidGovernmentshallinformthematthesametimeofthedateonwhichitreceivedthenotification.Article12Non-signatoryStatesmayaccedetothepresentConventionwhetherornottheyhavebeenrepresentedattheInternationalConferenceatBrussels.AStatewhichdesirestoaccedeshallnotifyitsintentioninwritingtotheBelgianGovernment,forwardingtoitthedocumentofaccession,whichshallbedepositedinthearchivesofthesaidGovernment.TheBelgianGovernmentshallimmediatelyforwardtoalltheStateswhichhavesignedoraccededtotheConventionadulycertifiedcopyofthenotificationandoftheactofaccession,mentioningthedateonwhichitreceivedthenotification.Article13TheHighContractingPartiesmayatthetimeofsignature,ratificationoraccessiondeclarethattheiracceptanceofthepresentConventiondoesnotincludeanyoralloftheself-governingdominions,orofthecolonies,overseaspossessions,protectoratesorterritoriesundertheirsovereigntyorauthority,andtheymaysubsequentlyaccedeseparatelyonbehalfofanyself-governingdominion,colony,overseaspossession,protectorateorterritorye*cludedintheirdeclaration.TheymayalsodenouncetheConventionseparatelyinaccordancewithitsprovisionsinrespectofanyself-governingdominion,oranycolony,overseaspossession,protectorateorterritoryundertheirsovereigntyorauthority.Article14ThepresentConventionshalltakeef