2019年上海市奉賢區(qū)高考英語一模試卷

2019年上海市奉賢區(qū)高考英語一模試卷GrammarandVocabulary1．(15分)ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoungWhatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifestyle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink.Inthepast30yearsofconductingclinicalresearch,I(1)(learn)thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．Why?Becauselifeistobeenjoyed.There'snopoint(2)(abandon)TOC\o"1-5"\h\zsomethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbetter,andquickly.Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully,(3)(quit)smoking,andmanagestressbetter,theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter,soquickly.Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving.Whenyouexerciseandeatright,yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen,soyoubecomesmarter,havemoreenergy,andneedlesssleep.Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthscausedsomanyneurons(神經(jīng)細胞)(4)(grow)thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains!Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflowsoyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless.Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive.Incontrast,anunhealthydiet,lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourface(5)youagemorequickly.Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinecontributestoyourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower,(6)decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleprematurely.Thisiswhysmokerslookyearsolderthantheyreallyare.Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthan(7)wasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives.(8)(give)aquestionnaire,thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree-pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday.Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres(染色體端粒)comparedwith(9)whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed(10)raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal-appearingtelomeres.Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．(15分)A.uprisingB.originalC.frequentlyD.spectacularE.featuresF.luxuriouslyG.capturedH.approachesI.inhabitedJ.mattersK.ranksWelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQueenofBritain.Overaperiodofnearlyl,OOOyearsithasbeen(1)continuously,andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs(君主)oneaftertheother.Someweregreatbuilders,strengtheningtheCastleagainst(2)andrebellion；others,livinginmorepeacefultimes,createdagrandRoyalresidence.WilliamtheConquerorchosethesite,highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntingground.Itwasaday'smarchfromtheTowerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern(3)tothecapital.Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesamepositionasthoseofthe(4)castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s.TheQueenusestheCastlebothasaprivatehome,wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend,andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformalduties.WindsorCastleis(5)usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsandpresidents.EveryyeartheQueentakesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEaster(March-April).TheCastleishuge,sopeopletendtoheadforthemost(6)bits---theStateApartments,St.George'sChapel,theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse.Worksofart,antiquefurniture,curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesofmanydifferentroyalgenerations.TheStateApartmentsare(7)decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfunctions.ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt.George'sChapelwasstartedin1475byEdwardIVandwascompleted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII.It(8)amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK．TheDrawingsGallery(9)theexhibition"TheQueen:60Photographsfor60Years"．TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen(10)inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamilygatherings．ReadingComprehension3．(30分)"NatureandNurture"TOC\o"1-5"\h\zPeoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris(1).Socialscientistsareofcourse(2)interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo(3)schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexpect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween(4)ofeachtheory.Thecontroversy(爭論)isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture".Thosewho(5)the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare(6)determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris(7)tothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour(8).Supportersofthe"nurture"theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,(9),claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist，B.F.Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely(10)bytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat，likemachines,humansrespondto(11)stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare(12).IntheUS,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests．Thisleadssome"nature"supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare.Behaviorists,(13),saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame(14)thatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour.Asamatteroffact，itisquite(15)thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.(1)A.sensitiveB.productiveC.competitiveD.aggressive(2)A.moderatelyB.extremelyC.reluctantlyD.scarcely(3)A.distinctB.reliableC.relevantD.equal(4)A.objectorsB.operatorsC.opponentsD.advocates(5)A.claimB.supportC.resolveD.inherit(6)A.completelyB.largelyC.thoroughlyD.merely(7)A.sensitiveB.openC.centralD.subject(8)A.abilitiesB.capacitiesC.personalitiesD.instincts(9)A.expertsB.scientistsC.environmentalistsD.behaviorists(10A.shapedB.dominatedC.oppressedD.restricted(11A.environmentalB.biologicalC.geneticD.psychological(12A.temporaryB.slightC.fatalD.far-reaching(13A.onthecontraryB.asawholeC.afterallD.forinstance(14A.habitsB.responsesC.characteristicsD.advantages(15A.necessaryB.impossibleC.unreasonableD.likely4(8分）I'mastudentinmyfourthyearofabiomedicalsciencedegreeatRobertGordonUniversityinAberdeen，butIalsowork38hoursaweekatSainsbury'stomakeendsmeet.Idothreenightshiftsaweek，plusovertimeifIcangetit.Mondayisthemostoccupieddayforme--Iworkfroml0pmuntil8amonSaturdayandSundaynights,earningjustover￡lOOanight,andthenIhavetobeatmyfirstlectureat9amonMonday.BythetimeIfinishlectures，at2pm，I'mexhausted，butIknowIhavetobebackatworkby10pm．Iconstantlyhavetoforcemyselftostayawake，andtobealert，whateverittakes．ApacketofSkittlesandaRedBullusuallyhelps．TheworkIdoatSainsbury'sisveryphysicallikestackingshelves．I'mluckybecauseI'manactivepersonandtheamountIliftatworkisnothingcomparedwiththeweightsIliftinthegym．IknowIhavethestrengthtobearit．I'moriginallyfromNigeria．IcameherewhenIwasseven，growingupinCroydon，southLondon．Moneywastight．MyparentsgavemeeverythingIneeded，buttherewasnomoneytospendonluxuries．Iworkedhardatschoolthoughand，withthehelpofGTScholars,IgotsomeofthebestA-levelgradesinmyclass.Unfortunately，thoughIhadappliedfor"settled"Britishresidentialstatuswhenveryyoung，theHomeOfficewaiteduntilIwasinsixthformtoapprovemyapplication.ThatmeantIwasn'teligibleforastudentloan.TheonlywayIcouldaffordtogotouniversitywasthatifIgotajobthatwouldpayforallmylivingcostsandmyparents,whoworkinmarketresearch,paidformytuitionfees．InScotland,that'sabout￡7,OOOayear.Idon'thavemuchtimetosocializebecauseofmyjob.Ideally,IwouldalsoliketohavemoretimetostudysoIcanexcelatmycourse.Yes,Ihavealotonmyplate,butworkinghardisn'tnewtome.Growingup,myparentsandmymentorsinthechurchandatGTScholarscultivatedinmetheimportanceofworkinghardforwhatIwantinlife.MydreamistodoanMAinphysiotherapynextyearandthengetajobworkingfortheNHS.Butrightnow,I'mjustfocusedontryingtogetthebestgradesIcan.WheneverIfindlifehard,Itellmyselfthisisaboutmyfuture.Idon'tneedmuch,butIwouldliketoworrylessaboutmoneyandhavemorefreetime.ThatiswhatIlookforwardtothemost.Whydoestheauthorworklonghoursandsometimesovertimeeveryweek?Tohelphisparentspayoffthedebts.Topayforhistuitionfees.Toprovehisabilitytoearnmoney.Topayforhisownlivingexpenses.(2)Theunderlinedword"eligible"inthepassagecanbereplacedby.A．responsibleB．qualifiedC．feasibleD．a(chǎn)nxious（3）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtodescribetheauthor?A．Sociable．B．Diligent．C．Ambitious．D．Persistent．（4）Whichofthefollowingproverbscanbestsummarizethepassage?A．Apennysavedisapennyearned．B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．C．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves．D．Wherethereislife，thereishope．5．（6分）ShouldYouBecomeaFullStackWebDeveloper?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zShouldyoubecomeafullstackwebdeveloper?Whatcoursesshouldyoutaketoprepareyouforthejob?Ourcoursesbringyouastep-by-steppaththatwillhelpyoubecomeaqualifiedcandidateandteachyoueverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceed．Readontodiscoverifit'stherightpathforyou：?WhatisaFullStackWebDeveloper？Afullstackwebdeveloperiswellskilledinbothfrontandback-endwebdeveloping．Withknowledgeofwhatitmeanstobuildapplicationsfromstarttofinish，afullstackdevelopercanplan，manage，andbuildsoftwarewithgeneralknow-how．Acoredifferencebetweenfrontandback-enddevelopersisthatfront-enddevelopershandlebuildingtheuserinterfaceaspectofawebsite，whileback-enddevelopersdealwithinternaltaskssuchaswebservers，applications，anddatabases．Combined，theyareresponsibleforbuildingthetechnologyandcodingthatmakesawebsitefunctionproperly．TOC\o"1-5"\h\zBothskillsetsarecrucialforbeingawell-roundedwebdeveloperandwillgiveyoualegupwhenapplyingforjobs．Ifyouliketolearnnewconceptsandtechnologiesfrequentlythisisanexcellentcareerpathforyou．?DemandforFullStackWebDevelopersisGrowingBecauseofthebroadrangeofskillsrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper，therearefewercandidatesapplyingforpositions，leavingmoreopportunityforqualifiedcandidates．Thejoboutlookforwebdevelopersisestimatedtogrow13%by2026，whichisfasterthantheaveragerateforalloccupations．Withanimpressiveresume，fullstackwebdeveloperscanmake$87,661onaverage.?GetStartedTodayWiththehelpofthecourse，youwilllearneverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceedasafullstackwebdeveloper.Youcanstartfromanylevelwithlittletonopreviousexperiencerequiredandtrackyourprogressasyougo.?Here'sWhatYou'llLearnintheCoursesBuildwebapplicationsanddeveloponboththefront-endandback-endstacksLearnRubyonRails，HTML，CSS，andJavaScriptDevelopwebapplicationsinJavascriptusingfront-endframework，Angular，andhybridmobileapplicationswithApacheCordovaDesignRESTfulRubyonRailswebapplicationswithMongoDBdatabaseintegration.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwemostprobablyfindthispassage?Arts.Science-technology.Courses.Business.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Frontandback-enddevelopersbothareresponsibleforsuchtasksasapplicationsanddatabases.Fewercandidatesapplyforthepositionofbeingwebdevelopersduetohighdemandforskills.Thejobprospectforwebdevelopersisn'tpromisinginthelongrun.D.Youcan'tstarttolearnthecourseofbeingafullstackwebdeveloperunlessyouhavesomeexperiencebeforehand．（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A．Toadvertiseforfullstackwebdevelopers．B．Toinformpeopleofwhatisrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper．C．Topersuadepeopletotakethecourseswhichhelptobecomeafullstackwebdeveloper．D．Tohelppeopletoexplorethefullstackwebdevelopercareerguide．6．（8分）ThehauntingpaintingsofHeleneSchjerfbeck，onshowinthefinallegofatravellingtourthathasalreadyattractedthousandsofvisitorsinHamburgandtheHague，maycomeasasurprisetomany．FewoutsidetheNordic（北歐的）worldwouldrecognizetheworksofthisFinnishartistwhodiedin1946．Morepeopleshould．The120workshaveattheircore20self-portraits,halfthenumbershepaintedinall.Thefirst,datedl880,isofawide-eyedteenagereagertoabsorbeverything.Thelastisasightingoftheartist'sghost-to-be.Prematurelygifted,SchjerfbeckwasllwhensheenteredtheFinnishArtSociety'sdrawingschool."TheWoundedWarriorintheSnow",ahistorypainting,wasboughtbyaprivatecollectorandwonherastatetravelgrantwhenshewasl7.SchjerfbeckstudiedinParis,wentontoPont-Aven,Brittany,whereshepaintedforayear,thentoTuscany,CornwallandStPetersburg.Duringherl887visittoStIves,Cornwall,Schjerfbeckpainted"TheConvalescent".Achildwrappedinablanketsitssupportedupinalargewicker（柳條編制的）chair,toyingwithasprig（小枝條）.Thepicturewonabronzemedalatthel889ParisWorldFairandwasboughtbytheFinnishArtSociety.Toamoderneyeitseemsalmostsentimental（感傷的）andismadeupforonlybythesomewhatastonished,sadexpressiononthechild'sface,whichmayhavebeeninspiredbySchjerfbeck'searlyexperiences.Atfour,shefelldownaflightofstepsandneverfullyrecovered.Inl890,SchjerfbecksettledinFinland.Teachingexhaustedher,shedidnotliketheworksofotherlocalpainters,andshewasfurtherisolatedwhenshetookonthecareofhermother."IfIallowmyselfthefreedomtoliveanisolatedlife",shewrote,"thenitisbecauseithastobethatway."Inl902,Schjerfbeckandhermothersettledinthesmall，industrialtownofHyvinkaa，50kilometresnorthofHelsinki．IsolationhadonedesiredeffectforitwastherethatSchjerfbeckbecameamodernpainter．Sheproducedstilllivesandlandscapesbutaboveallmoodyyetsharpportraitsofhermother，localschoolgirls，womenworkersintown．TOC\o"1-5"\h\z"Ihavealwayssearchedforthedensedepthsofthesoul，whichhavenotyetbeendiscoveredbyhumansthemselves"，shewrote，"whereeverythingisstillunconscious--thereonecanmakethegreatestdiscoveries．"Sheexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofunderpainting，scrapedandrubbed，madebrightrosyredspots；doingwhateverhadtobedonetocapturethesubconscious--herownandthatofhermodels．In1913，Schjerfbeckwasrediscoveredbyanartdealerandjournalist，GostaStenman．Onceagainshewasasuccess．Schjerfbeck'spaintingsmaycomeasasurprisetomanybecaus.A．herpaintingsarerarelyknownoutsidetheNordicworldB．herpaintingshaveneverbeenonshowoutoftheNordicworldC．herpaintingshavethepowertohauntpeoplewhoeverhaveseenthemD．herpaintingsfocusonsupernaturalelementssuchasghostsWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．"TheConvalescent"isinfactaportraitofSchjerbeckinherchildhood．B．"TheConvalescent"isareflectionofSchejerbeck'ssentimentalchildhood．C．"TheConvalescent"ismadeasaresultofanaccidentinSchejerbeck'schildhood．D．"TheConvalescent"isfeaturedbythechild'sastonished，sorrowfulexpression．(3)Schejerbeckchosetoliveanisolatedlifemainlybecauseof.A．shewasexhaustedbyherteachingjobB．herpersonalityprefersthiskindofstyleC．shecouldnotappreciatetheworkoftheotherlocalpaintersD．hermother'shealthconditionrequiredhertoadoptsuchalifestyle．(4)WecaninferfromthepassagethatthemostoutstandingcharacteristicsofSchjerfbeck'spaintingsisA．hervividcharacterizationofcommonpeopleB．hercaptureofthecharacters'soulC．thesorrowfulexpressionofthecharactersD．herunconscioussenseofsomemysteriouselements7．(8分)AneffectivewaythatlhavefoundtodeepenmyownpatienceistocreateactualpracticeperiodsYouaremoreeasilyannoyedandbotheredItisgenerallybelievedthatthequalityofbeingpatientisverydifficulttodevelopBecomingmorepatientinvolvesopeningyourhearttothepresentmoment,evenifyoudon'tlikeit.E.Withoutpatience,youwillseethesamesceneasanemergencycompletewithyelling,frustration,hurtfeelings.F.Ifyoulackpatience,youaredestinedtofailinwhatyouarepursuing.ThequalityofpatiencegoesalongwaytowardyourgoalofcreatingamorepeacefulandlovingselfThemorepatientyouare,themoreacceptingyouwillbeofwhatlifeis,ratherthaninsistingthatlifebeexactlyasyouwouldlikeittobeWithoutpatience,lifeisextremelyfrustrating(1)PatienceaddssomeeaseandacceptancetoyourlifeIt'simportantforinnerpeace(2)Ifyouarestuckinatrafficjam,lateforanappointment,beingpatientwouldmeankeepingyourselffrombuildingamentalsnowballbeforeyourthinkinggetsoutofhandandgentlyremindingyourselftorelaxItmightalsobeagoodtimetobreatheaswellasanopportunitytoremindyourselfthat,inthebiggerschemeofthings,beinglateis"smallstuff"Patienceisaqualityofheartthatcanbegreatlyenhancedwithdeliberatepractice(3)TheyaretheperiodsoftimethatIsetupinmymindtopracticetheartofpatienceLifeitselfbecomesaclassroom,andthecurriculumispatienceYoucanstartwithaslittleasfiveminutesandbuildupyourcapacityforpatienceovertimeWhatyou'lldiscoveristrulyamazingYourintentiontobepatient,especiallyifyouknowit'sonlyforashortwhile,immediatelystrengthensyourcapacityforpatiencePatienceisoneofthosequalitieswheresuccessfeedsonitself.Onceyoureachlittlemilestone-fiveminutesofsuccessfulpatience-you'llbegintoseethatyoudoindeedhavethecapacitytobepatient，evenforlongerperiodsoftime．Overtime，youmayevenbecomeapatientperson．Beingpatientwillhelpyoutokeepyourperspective．Youwillseeevenadifficultsituation，sayyourpresentchallenge，isn't"lifeordeath"butsimplyaminorobstaclethatmustbedealtwith.（4）.SummaryWriting8．（15分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet．Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether．Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears，andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere--onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams，inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings．Theydigthroughtheground，jumpandsinginthetrees，andrunanddanceintheair．Theycomeinmanydifferentcoloursandvariousshapes．Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving．Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments．Theoneplacewheretheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans．Insectscansurviveonawiderangeofnaturalandartificialfoods--paint，pepper，glue，books，grain，cotton，otherinsects，plantsandanimals．Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces．Also，insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity：AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43，000eggsaday．Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolour．Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes，butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguise（d偽裝）likeagreenleaf，lumpofbrownsoil，graylichen（青苔），aseedorsomeothernaturalobject．Someinsectsusebright，boldcolourstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad，stingorarepoison．Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator，bitter-tastinginsects；hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem．TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.（5分）一股誘人的味道喚起了我們遙遠的記憶.（remind）（5分）每個人應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記：己所不欲，勿施于人.（mind）（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，這幾年一直以健康為代價堅持工作著.（So）12（.5分）不久之后，地鐵5號線奉賢段即將通車，這讓翹首以盼的奉賢人民激動不已（.before）GuidedWriting13.(25分)Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.在你看過的電影、電視或書中，肯定有許多場景歷歷在目，請你描述令你印象深刻的一個場景，并談?wù)劄槭裁?你的文章必須包括：?描述你印象深刻的一個場景；?說明你對此印象深刻的理由.2019年上海市奉賢區(qū)高考英語一模試卷參考答案與試題解析II.GrammarandVocabulary(15分)ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoungTOC\o"1-5"\h\zWhatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifestyle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink.Inthepast30yearsofconductingclinicalresearch，I(1)havelearned(learn)thatrealkeysarepleasure,joyandfreedom.Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot.Why?Becauselifeistobeenjoyed.There'snopoint(2)abandoning(abandon)somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbetter，andquickly.Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully,(3)quit(quit)smoking,andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly.Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving.Whenyouexerciseandeatright，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep.Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthscausedsomanyneurons(神經(jīng)細胞)(4)togrow(grow)thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains!Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflowsoyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet,lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourface(5)soyouagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinecontributestoyourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower,(6)whichdecreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleprematurely．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearsolderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthan(7)whatwasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives.(8)Given/Havingbeengiven(give)aquestionnaire,thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree-pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday.Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres(染色體端粒)comparedwith(9)thosewhofeltmorerelaxed.Contrarily,someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed(10)withoutraisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal-appearingtelomeres.Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed.【考點】N6：語法填空.【分析】文章講述了好心情對于健康的影響，越快樂心情越輕松的人更容易保持年輕.【解答】1.havelearned.考查時態(tài)，根據(jù)前面的inthepast30years,可知是段時間，應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故填havelearned.abandoning.考查非謂語，therebe句型中，is是動詞，所以后面使用現(xiàn)在分詞，放棄你喜歡的東西沒有意義，故填abandoning.quit.考查動詞，when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，quit是主句謂語動詞，與manage并列，故填quit.togrow.考查不定式，causesbtodosth：使某人做某事，故填togrow.so.考查連詞，所以你就老的更快，表示遞進，故填so.which.考查連詞，which指代yourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower，在定語從句中做主語，故填關(guān)系代詞which.what.考查連詞，what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，因為從句中缺少主語，故填what.Given/Havingbeengiven.考查非謂語，thewomen與give之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞作狀語，故填Given/Havingbeengiven．those.考查代詞，those指代那些人，在定語從句中做主語，故填those.without.考查介詞，不需要撫養(yǎng)殘疾孩子的女性，結(jié)合句意以及后面的raising,可知填without.【點評】對于語法填空這類題，一是懂得分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，二是知道充當(dāng)各個句子成分的詞類或詞性，從語法上確定答案，當(dāng)然，對于某些固定搭配也要牢記，在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中要多積累這些詞匯或短語，對于句子使用的時態(tài)語態(tài)也要通過語境進行確定.2.（15分）A.uprisingB.originalC.frequentlyD.spectacularE.featuresF.luxuriouslyG.capturedH.approachesI.inhabitedJ.mattersK.ranksWelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQueenofBritain.Overaperiodofnearlyl，OOOyearsithasbeen(1)Icontinuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs(君主)oneaftertheother.Someweregreatbuilders,strengtheningtheCastleagainst(2)Aandrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence.WilliamtheConquerorchosethesite，TOC\o"1-5"\h\zhighabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntingground.Itwasaday'smarchfromtheTowerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern(3)Htothecapital.Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesamepositionasthoseofthe(4)BcastlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1O7Os.TheQueenusestheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformalduties.WindsorCastleis(5)_CusedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsandpresidents.EveryyeartheQueentakesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEaster(March-April).TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost(6)Dbits---theStateApartments，St.George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse.Worksofart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesofmanydifferentroyalgenerations.TheStateApartmentsare(7)^^^decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfunctions.ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstartedin1475byEdwardIVandwascompleted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII.It(8)KamongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK．TheDrawingsGallery(9)Etheexhibition"TheQueen:60Photographsfor60Years".TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen(10)Ginbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamilygatherings．【考點】N8：選詞填空.【分析】本文介紹了一次照片展覽會．這次展覽展示了女王在正式場合和輕松的家庭聚會上短暫瞬間的照片．【解答】IAHBCDFKEGI.句意理解題.根據(jù)句意可知，在近1000年的時間里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一個接一個地改變和重新裝飾?故選I.A.句意理解題.根據(jù)句意可知，有些人是偉大的建筑工人，他們加固城堡以抵抗起義和叛亂.故選A.H.句意理解題.根據(jù)句意可知，從倫敦塔出發(fā)有一天的路程，目的是守衛(wèi)通往首都的西方通道.故選H.B.句意理解題.根據(jù)句意可知，今天建筑的外墻與1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墻位置相同.故選B.C.句意理解題.根據(jù)句意可知，溫莎城堡經(jīng)常被女王用來接待海外君主和總統(tǒng)的國事訪問．故選C．D.句意理解題.根據(jù)句意可知，城堡很大，所以人們傾向于去最壯觀的地方--國家公寓．故選D．F.句意理解題.根據(jù)句意可知，國家公寓是裝飾豪華的正式房間，仍然用于國家和官方活動．故選F．K.句意理解題.根據(jù)句意可知，它是英國中世紀(jì)晚期建筑的典范之一.故選K.E.句意理解題.根據(jù)句意可知，圖片館展出了"女王：60年來的60張照片".故選E．G.句意理解題.根據(jù)句意可知，這次展覽展示了女王在正式場合和輕松的家庭聚會上短暫瞬間的照片.故選G.【點評】本題題型為選詞填空．在選擇給定詞語時，再考慮句子大意的前提下，還應(yīng)該注意句子所用的時態(tài)，以及所填寫的詞在句子中的位置．通過這些判斷，以符合題目要求．ReadingComprehension3．（30分）"NatureandNurture"Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris(1)C.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zSocialscientistsareofcourse(2)Binterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviour.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo(3)Aschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween(4)Dofeachtheory.Thecontroversy(爭論)isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture".Thosewho(5)Bthe"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare(6)Bdeterminedbybiologicalfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris(7)Ctothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour(8)D.Supportersofthe"nurture"theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,(9)D,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist，B.F.Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely(10)Abytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat，likemachines,humansrespondto(11)Astimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare(12)D.IntheUS,forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome"nature"supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare.Behaviorists,(13)A,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame(14)Bthatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour.Asamatteroffact，itisquite(15)Dthatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.1)A.sensitiveB.productiveC.competitiveD.aggressive2)A.moderatelyB.extremelyC.reluctantlyD.scarcely3)A.distinctB.reliableC.relevantD.equal4)A.objectorsB.operatorsC.opponentsD.advocates5)A.claimB.supportC.resolveD.inherit6)A.completelyB.largelyC.thoroughlyD.merely7)A.sensitiveB.openC.centralD.subject8)A.abilitiesB.capacitiesC.personalitiesD.instincts9)A.expertsB.scientistsC.environmentalistsD.behaviorists10)A.shapedB.dominatedC.oppressedD.restricted11)A.environmentalB.biologicalC.geneticD.psychological12)A.temporaryB.slightC.fatalD.far-reaching13)A.onthecontraryB.asawholeC.afterallD.forinstance14)A.habitsB.responsesC.characteristicsD.advantages15)A.necessaryB.impossibleC.unreasonableD.likely【考點】M2：社會文化.【分析】人們很難解釋為什么一個人聰明而另一個人不聰明，或者為什么一個人喜歡合作而另一個人競喜歡爭.本文介紹了兩種理論，并且對此提出例子來說明.【解答】CBADBBCDDAADABDC.形容詞詞意辨析題.A.sensitive敏感B.productive生產(chǎn)C.competitive競爭D．a(chǎn)ggressive好斗．很難解釋為什么一個人聰明而另一個人不聰明，或者為什么一個人喜歡合作而另一個人競喜歡爭.故選C.B.副詞詞意辨析題.A.moderately適度地B.extremely非常C.reluctantly不情愿地D.scarcely幾乎不.社會科學(xué)家當(dāng)然對這類問題非常感興趣.故選B.A.形容詞詞意辨析題.A.distinct明顯的B.reliable可靠的C.relevant相關(guān)的D.equal平等的.目前還沒有明確的答案，但在這個問題上已經(jīng)形成了兩種明顯的、截然不同的思想流派.故選A.D.名詞詞意辨析題.A.objectors反對者B.operators經(jīng)營者C.opponents對手D.advocates主張.正如人們可能預(yù)期的那樣，這兩種方法截然不同，而且每種理論的支持者之間存在著大量的爭論.故選D.B.動詞詞意辨析題.A.claim要求B.support支持C.resolve決定D.inherit繼承.那些支持”自然”的人，相信我們的個性是由生物因素決定的.故選B.B.副詞詞意辨析題.A.completely完全地B.largely主要地C.thoroughly徹底地D.merely僅僅.人的行為模式在很大程度上是由生物因素決定的.故選B.C.形容詞詞意辨析題.A.sensitive敏感的B.open打開C.central中心的D.subject主題.我們的環(huán)境與我們的能力、特征和行為幾乎沒有任何關(guān)系，這是這一理論的核心.故選C.D.名詞詞意辨析題.A.abilities能力