中考英語常見題型及解題技巧 d 補(bǔ)全對話

補(bǔ)全對話又稱為情景對話。主要是考查學(xué)生的口語能力和對英語的應(yīng)對習(xí)慣。下面我從以下幾個(gè)方面談?wù)勊拿}趨勢和解題技巧。一、補(bǔ)全對話常見的題型有1.填單詞補(bǔ)全對話2.寫句子補(bǔ)全對話3.選句子補(bǔ)全對話4.選單詞補(bǔ)全對話5.對話排序。本市以前多采用第

3

種“選擇式”的客觀題型。但近幾年多采用第一，二種“非選擇式”的主觀題型，來考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用英語語言的能力。因此本文著重介紹這類題型的具體做法。二、補(bǔ)全對話的解題要求1.熟讀背誦考生應(yīng)熟讀背誦初中英語教材中出現(xiàn)過的日常交際用語如問候、介紹、問路、看病、購物、就餐、祝愿、打電話、談天氣等情境中的固定句式和習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式。只有這樣做題時(shí)才能得心應(yīng)手。2.掌握各交際項(xiàng)目的習(xí)慣用法。平時(shí)牢固掌握初中英語教材中出現(xiàn)的30

個(gè)交流項(xiàng)目以及它們各自特定的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式和慣用句型，答題時(shí)就能迅速地回憶起與對話內(nèi)容有關(guān)的日常交際用語及習(xí)慣表達(dá)法，并且靈活地進(jìn)行運(yùn)用，才能保證所使用的語言符合英語在情景交流中的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。3.答題時(shí)要面向整體內(nèi)容，切忌片面理解。答題時(shí)，跳過空行，快速把全篇對話通讀一篇，了解對話的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，把握對話的內(nèi)容及語境。語境決定了語言的表達(dá)方式、雙方說話人的態(tài)度以及表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。如在餐館、圖書館、車站、商店等不同的地點(diǎn)，都有各自的語言表達(dá)方式。因而，在做題時(shí)，應(yīng)在理

解全篇對話內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，準(zhǔn)確地把握語言環(huán)境，把自己“置身”于語境之中，理解雙方談話的意圖。4.抓好關(guān)鍵詞，進(jìn)行推斷，使填詞后組成的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整、合理。考查的形式是補(bǔ)全對上句問題的回答或者是補(bǔ)全對下句所要回答問題的提問。因此一定要注意前后照應(yīng)，關(guān)注上下文之間的密切關(guān)系。做題時(shí)，可以根據(jù)上句的信息推斷下句的信息，通過下句的信息推斷上句的信息，即：要填前面的空行，看后句的信息，要填后面的空行，看前句的含義。如在打電話時(shí)，上句問“Who’sthatspeaking?”

那么下句所選的就應(yīng)是“Thisis…”

。如在餐館，下句的內(nèi)容是“Abottleofbeer,please.”那么上句就應(yīng)該是“WhatcanIdofor

you?”或“Can

helpyou?”

這樣前后對照，才能使上下文相適應(yīng)。5.注意對話的表達(dá)要符合英美人的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。不同的國家有不同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、生活習(xí)慣等等。在語言交際中也有各種不同的差異。在交際語言的選用中，由于受到各自的文化背景的影響，表達(dá)的方式也就不同。因而，在補(bǔ)全對話過程中，所選的句子要符合英美人的習(xí)慣。凡有像“Have

you

eaten?”；“Whatdo

you

want

to

buy?”

這類句子在對話中都應(yīng)避免使用。6.正確書寫，從容答題。答題時(shí)應(yīng)注意單詞的正確拼寫及大小寫的正確運(yùn)用，書寫應(yīng)工整、規(guī)范。三、補(bǔ)全對話答題步驟：（1）通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意、揣摩話題。解題時(shí)應(yīng)先跳過空格通覽全文，了解對話大意，根據(jù)對大意的把握，判定語境，揣摩話題。（2）根據(jù)語境、填寫單詞或句子。在把握話題和語境的基礎(chǔ)上，針對對話的每一空白處，細(xì)讀所提供的前后文，認(rèn)真分析它們之間的異同，依據(jù)對話有關(guān)情景內(nèi)容，填寫相應(yīng)的單詞或者句子。（3）通盤考慮、前后聯(lián)想、先易后難。要從對話整體理解出發(fā)，依照上、下問答的邏輯順序來考慮所選擇的答案，不可不顧前后順序，孤立地就上句就補(bǔ)下句，這樣可能出現(xiàn)所補(bǔ)句子符合上文而不符合下文的情況。要先解決有把握的、容易的，再回頭補(bǔ)選較難的。

（4）通讀對話、義形結(jié)合、驗(yàn)證答案。將對話補(bǔ)全之后，再將整段對話通讀一遍，逐一驗(yàn)證答案。所填的答案不僅語義上要符合語境，而且要保證語言正確，做到說話得體。四、注意事項(xiàng)（1）所補(bǔ)全的對話內(nèi)容必須能使上、下文連貫一致，因而必須瞻前顧后、全盤考慮，不能僅看上一個(gè)問句就填寫下一個(gè)答句，或僅根據(jù)下文中的答句就補(bǔ)全它的問句，否則容易造成邏輯錯(cuò)誤。（2）做題前應(yīng)注意試題前面有否中文或英語的背景提示。這些背景提示是確是話題內(nèi)容的重要依據(jù)，不可疏忽帶過。（3）如果是選擇題，則在選擇過程中考生應(yīng)注意把已選出的選項(xiàng)劃去，避免重復(fù)選擇的錯(cuò)誤。（4）做題時(shí)要先易后難，一時(shí)難以確定不要勉強(qiáng)先做，否則易造成連鎖錯(cuò)誤。例題分析：（一）請仔細(xì)閱讀下列對話，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，完成該對話。A:

Hello!

1.____________________

?B:

Sorry,

2._____________________.ThisisAllan’s

mother

speaking.3._________?A:

This

is

Mary.

Good

evening,

Mrs.

Black.B:

Good

evening,

Mary.

4.____________________?A:

Yes,

of

course.

Please

Allan

that

all

the

dictionaries

are

sold

out.

ButI

canlend

her

one.B:

OK.A:

Thanks

a

lot.

Good-bye!B:

5._____________.

答案解析：1.根據(jù)下文我們知道這是一個(gè)電話用語的對話，所以我們就填出了相應(yīng)答案MayIspeaktoAllan。2.根據(jù)后文“ThisisAllan’smotherspeaking.”我們填出：Sheisn’tin / Sheisn’tat

home.3.根據(jù)“This

is

Mary”，我們填出：Who’s

that4.根據(jù)“Yes,ofcourse.PleasetellAllanthatallthedictionariesaresoldout.But

canlend

her

one”我們填出：Can

take

a

message

for

you5.

Goodbye（二）根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，從下面?zhèn)溥x框中選擇相應(yīng)選項(xiàng)填入對話中，使對話完成，流暢。A:

Excuse

me,

sir?

Where

is

the

nearest

hotel?B:

1.

___________________.

You

may

ask

that

policeman

over

there.A:

Thank

you

all

the

same.(The

man

goes

to

the

policeman.)A:

Excuse

me, 2._____________________?C:

No,

there

isn’t

a

hotel

near

here,

but

there

is

one

near

the

Bank

of

China.A:

3.____________________?C:

It’s

about

two

kilometers

away.A:

4.

_____________________?C:You’dbettertakeataxi,becauseit’ssolateandtherearen’tanybusesnow.A:

5._____________________.C:

You’re

welcome.

備選答案：A:I’m

sorry

don’t

knowB:

Is

there

a

hotel

near

hereC:

How

far

is

D:

How

can

get

thereE:

Thank

you答案解析：A.根據(jù)后文“You

may

ask

that

policeman

over

there”得知，說話者也不知道哪里有旅館。B.根據(jù)后文的回答，得知前面問的是附近哪里有旅館。C.根據(jù)后文回答的距離而知，前面問的是有多遠(yuǎn)。D.根據(jù)后文得知，前面問的是去旅館的方式。E.根據(jù)“You’re

welcome.”而知，前面在表達(dá)感謝。實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)（1）A:

Hello.

Could

speak

to

John?B:

1.___________________.A:

Oh!

Hi,

John.

This

is

Cindy.

We

met

at

party.B:

How

are

you,

Cindy?A:

Great.

Would

you

like

to

see

Titanic

on

Thursday

night?B:

2.

___________,

Cindy,

have

to

work

late

this

Thursday.

A:

That’s

too

bad.

3.___________________?B:

I’m

free

on

Saturday

nightA:

OK.

How

about

meeting

at

about

seven?B:

No

problem.

4.__________________?A:

At

the

Garden

Cinema.

5.

____________.B:

See

you

then.1.

This

is

John2.

I’m

sorry3.

Are

you

free

on

Saturday

night4.

Where

shall

we

meet5.

See

you

then(2)A:

Hello!

May

speak

to

Lily?B:

1._____________________.C:

Hello!

2.____________________.A:

Hi,

Lily.

This

is

Ann.

Would

you

like

to

go

to

the

park

with

me

tonight?C:Great!

3.____________________?A:

At

the

gate

of

our

school.C:

4._____________________?A:

How

about

six

o’clock.C:

OK!

5.___________________?A:

See

you

then.

1.

Hold

on

please2.

This

is

Lily3.

Where

shall

we

meet4.

When

shall

we

meet5.

See

you

then(3)Fred:

Hello!

May

speak

to

Alice,

please?Kate:

1._______________.Alice,

it’s

for

you.Alice:

Hello.Fred:Hi,Alice.2.____________.Wouldyouliketogotomyuncle’sfarmtomorrow?Alice:

3.__________________.Fred:

Good.

pick

you

up

at

about

seven

o’clock.Alice:

Fine.

be

ready.Fred:

Great!

I’m

sure

we’llhave

a

good

time

on

the

farm.Alice:

4.______________.

See

you

tomorrow.Fred:

5.________________.1.

Hold

on,

please2.

This

is

Fred3.

Yes

,I’d

love

to

.4.

think

so5.

See

you

tomorrow（4）

A:

Excuse

me.

1._________________________?B:

Sorry,

I’m

new

here.

You

can

ask

my

friend.

He

may

C:

The

Children’s

Hospital?

Er…

It’s

a

far

from

here.A:

2.

___________________________?C:

It’s

about

5

kilometres

away.A:

3.

___________________________?C:

Yes,

the

No.

15

bus

will

take

you

there.A:

Where

is

the

bus

stop?C:

4.

_________________________

and

take

the

first

turning

on

the

right.

Youcansee

on

your

left.

You

can’t

miss

it.A:

5.

___________________________.C:

You

are

welcome.1.

Which

is

the

way

to

the

Children’s

Hospital2.

How

far

is

3.

Can

take

a

bus4.

Go

along

this

road5.

Thank

you(5)(At

Mr.

White’s

office

in

a

middle

school)A:

Hello!

1.

_______________________?B:

Speaking,

please.A:

I’m

Peter’s

mother.

I’d

like

to

ask

for

leave

for

my

son.

B:

2.

________________________?A:

He

didn’t

feel

well

this

morning.He

has

a

cold.B:

3.

________________________.

Is

serious?A:

Not

very

serious.

But

the

doctor

asked

him

to

stay

in

bed

and

have

a

goodrest.B:

Don’t

worry.

4.

_________________________.A:

Thank

you,

sir.

GoodbyeB:

Bye!1.

Can

speak

to

Mr.

White2.What’s

wrong

with

him3.

I’m

sorry

to

hear

that4.

hope

he

will

be

all

right

soon(6)A:

Good

morning,

sir. 1.

__________________?B:

I’d

like

to

buy

a

white

shirt.

Do

you

have

any

white

shirts?A:

Yes. 2.

____________________?B:

want

Size

M.A:

Here

you

are.B:

Can

try

on?A:

Sure.

Is

all

right?B:

Yes.

like

very

much. 3.

___________________?A:

296

yuan.

B:

That’s

a

bit

expensive.

Do

you

have

any

other

kind?

want

a

cheaper

one.A:What

about

this

one?

is

only

108

yuan.B:

OK.

4.

___________________.

Here

is

the

money.A:

5.

___________________.Goodbye,

sir.1.

Can

help

you2.

What

size

do

you

want3.

How

much

is

4.

take

5.

Here

you

are（7）Doctor:

Good

morning

.

What’s

your

trouble?Woman:

don’t

feel

very

well.D:1._______________________________?W:

Yes,

have.

My

temperature

is

a

higher.D:

Open

you