2020-2021學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月月考英語(yǔ)試卷(新高考)筆試部分(山東版)

2020-2021學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月月考英語(yǔ)試卷（新高考）（山東版）筆試注意事項(xiàng)：答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡上?；卮疬x擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEnjoyaconcert,opera,oraballetthattouchesyoursoul,Ontariohasyourticketstoperformancesyear-round.PerformingArtsOttawa'sNationalArtsCentreandMERIDIANHALLinTorontobothpresentgreatseriesofmusic,danceandshows.Representingprofessionaldanceandoperacompaniesinthecity,theTorontoAllianceforthePerformingArts（TAPA）willallowyoutoknowwhat'splayingonToronto'sstages;downloadtheirmobileappforon-the-goperformingartstickets,reviewsandsearches,andfreetelephoneserviceisalsoavailableformoreguidance.TheatreYou'lllovethesummertheatreinOntario'sscenicruralspaces.EnjoytheCanadianstoriesinahistoricbarn（谷倉(cāng)）atthe4thLineTheatrenearPeterborough.TheBrightonBarnTheatreisanotheruniquetheatresetinafarmfield.Onceaworkingcattlebarn,theGlobusTheatreattheLABnowiswell-knownforofferingaprofessionalsummerseasonfortheatreandamixofdramasandcomedynightsatothertimesthroughouttheyear.Itcreatespartnershipswiththeatrecompaniesinvariouscountries,andshowsdiversetheatreforcommunities.OrchestralMusic(管弦樂(lè))Enjoythewide-rangingprogramsofTorontoSymphonyOrchestra.Hamilton'smusicsceneisboomingwiththeHamiltonOrchestraofferingupanotherseasonofgreatconcerts,asistheOntarioPhilharmonicinOshawa,withasolidseasonofexcellenttraditionalmusic,wonderfulwithgreatspecialevents.BalletTorontoisacentrefordifferentCanadiandancefromtheNationalBalletofCanadatotheTorontoDanceTheatre.TheBalletSeriesattheNationalArtsCentre(NAC)presentsthreeballetproductionsinSouthamHall,eachfeaturingtheNACOrchestra.WhatmighttheTAPAfunctionas?Anapplication.B.Aguidebook.C.Anartcentre.D.Aserviceorganization.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheGlobusTheatre?ItliesinascenicfarmfiledinOntario.Itprovidesperformancesfromaroundtheworld.Itoncewaswell-knownasaworkingcattlebarn.Itshowsdramasandcomediesthroughouttheyear.Wherewillthosefondofclassicalworksprefertogo?Ottawa'sNationalArtsCentre.TheBrightonBarnTheatre.TheOntarioPhilharmonic.TheTorontoDanceTheatre.Asanadult,IrealizedthatIhadnoskills,soIwenttotradeschool.Ienteredacabinetmaking（家具制造）program.Ididn'tthinkIwouldbegoodatbuildingfurniture.I'mnothandy.Nobodyinmyfamilyis.Ihadgreatteachers,butmakingfurnitureishard.Therearesomanystepsandsomethingcangowrongateachone.Icouldn'tevengetorganized.Mytoolboxalwayslookedlikeahurricanehadgonethroughit.Ididn'tfullyknowwhatIwasdevotingmyselftoatthebeginning,butIkeptgoingtoclass.Itriedtowrapmybrainaroundthemath.Theprojectsforcedmetosolvenewkindsofproblems.Mybrainstartedtobuildnewconnections.Workinginthisnewphysicalmannerandgivingit100percentofmyefforthadhugebenefitsformymentalhealth.Igotoverfearofembarrassmentandaskedforhelpateveryopportunity.Ispentthatyeartrulylearning.Truelearningisahumbling（令人謙卑的）experience,especiallyforthoseofuswhoarelearninganewsetofskills.IcouldunderstandexactlywhatwaswrongwiththefurnitureImade,butIcouldn'tfixmymistakes.Andyet,Ikepttrying.Andfailing.Andfailingagain.UntilIlearnedtofailbetter.You'regoingtobebadatanythingwhenyoustartout,butIwasprettybadrighttotheend.Evenso,Ifinishedtheprogram一withhonors,noless!Mygradeswerehelpedbymygoodwrittenwork.Havingtoconstantlypushbeyondmycomfortzonehasmademeamorewell-roundedperson.Maybemostimportantly,tradeschoolgavemeamorerealisticideaofmystrengthsandlimitations.I'mstrongerthanIthought!Whydidtheauthorsignupforthecabinetmakingprogram?Tomakemorefriends.Todevelopnewskills.Togetmoreorganized.Tobecomeahandydesigner.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthorduringtheone-yearlearning?Hard-workingandconfident.Intelligentandcreative.Single-mindedanddetermined.Modestandflexible.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor?Hegotapoorgradeonhandwork.Hefearedtosocializewithstrangers.Hewasskilledinsolvingmathproblems.Heoncegottiredofthedifficultlessons.Whatdoestheauthor'sexperienceshow?Practicemakesperfect.Learningismorethanaskill.Failureteachessuccess.Skillswillneverbeaburden.CEveryanimalspeciescarriesuniquevirusesthathavespecificallyadaptedtoinfectingit.Overtime,someofthesehavejumpedtohumans一theseareknownas“zoonotic”viruses.Asthepopulationgrows,wemoveintowildareas,whichbringsusintomorefrequentcontactwithanimalswedon'tnormallyhavecontactwith.Thusvirusescanjumpfromanimalstohumansandtheycanspreadbetweenhumans,throughclosecontactwithbodyfluids（體液）likebloodorurine.Becauseeveryvirushasevolvedtotargetaparticularspecies,it'srareforavirustobeabletojumptoanotherspecies.Whenthisdoeshappen,it'sbychance,anditusuallyrequiresalargeamountofcontactwiththevirus.Initially,thevirusisusuallynotwell-suitedtoitsnewhostanddoesn'tspreadeasily.Overtime,however,itcanevolveinthenewhosttoproducevariantsthatarebetteradapted.Whenvirusesjumptoanewhost,aprocesscalledzoonosis,theyoftencausemoreseveredisease.Thisisbecausevirusesandtheirinitialhostshaveevolvedtogether,andthespecieshastimetobuildupresistance.Thenewhostspecies,ontheotherhand,mightnothaveevolvedtheabilitytotackle(應(yīng)對(duì))thevirus.Forexample,whenwecomeintocontactwithbatsandtheirviruses,wemaydeveloprabiesorEbolavirusdisease,whilethebatsthemselvesarelessaffected.It'slikelythatbatsaretheoriginalsourceofthreerecentlyemergedcoronaviruses:SARS-CoV(2003),MERS-CoV(2012)andSARS-CoV-2.Allofthesejumpfrombatstohumansviaanintermediateanimal;inthecaseofSARS-CoV-2,thismayhavebeenpangolins(穿山甲),butmoreresearchisneeded.Whyisitrareforavirustoinfectanotherspecies?Thenewhostcandealwiththevirus.Thenewspeciesbuildsupresistance.Everyviruscan'tadapttothenewspecies.Eachvirusdevelopstotargetaspecificspecies.Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?Theresistanceoftheoldspecies.Theabilityofthenewhostspecies.Theprocessoftheviralinfection.Thereasonforthevirusvariation.Whichofthefollowingvirusesaremostlikelytohostinpangolins?SARS-CoV.SARSCoV-2.Notmentioned.MERSCoV.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?Humansshouldnotmoveintowildareas.Wildanimalsareactuallyourbestfriends.Aviruscanspreadfromanimalstohumans.Aviruscanvarytoinfectanotherspecies.DAlthoughsocialmediaallowustobecomemoreconnectedtootherpeoplethanatanytimeinhistory,anewstudysuggeststhatmanyAmericansfeellonelierthaneverbefore,whichisweakeningthenation'smentalandphysicalhealth.ThestudyconductedbythehealthinsurerCigna,foundwidespreadloneliness,withnearlyhalfofAmericansreportingtheyfeelalone,orleftoutatleastsomeofthetime.Thenation's75millionmillennials(ages23—37)andGenerationZadults(ages18—22)arelonelierthanoldergenerations.Besides,54%ofpeoplesurveyedsaidtheyfeelnooneknowsthemwell,and40%reportedthey“l(fā)ackcompanionship”,their“relationshipsaren'tmeaningful”andthey“areisolated(孤孤孤)fromothers”.DouglasNemecek,MD,Cigna'schiefmedicalofficerforBehavioralHealth,saidthefindingsofthestudysuggestthattheproblemhasbecomecommon,equalingtheriskscausedbytobaccoandthenation'sever-expandingwaistline.“Lonelinesshasthesameinfluenceonhealthassmoking15cigarettesaday,whileobesity(孤孤)lessthan10cigarettesaday,”hesaidinreleasingthereport.Nemecekscommentstalliedwiththoseofotherleadingpublichealthspecialists,includingformerSurgeonGeneralVivekH.Murthy,MD,whosaidlonelinessshouldbetargetedinpublichealthcampaignslikethosedesignedtofightagainstsmokingandobesity.“Duringmyyearscaringforpatients,theworstdiseaseIsawwasnotheartdiseasediabetes;itwasloneliness,”MurthysaidinarecentcoverstoryintheHarvardBusinessReview.Thenewreport,producedinCigna'spartnershipwiththepollingcompanyIpsos,isbasedonanonlinesurveyofmorethan20,000USadultsusingthewell-regardedUCLALonelinessScaletoseehowwidespreadlonelinessisinAmerica.WhatdoesthestudyconductedbyCignafind?OlderAmericansfeelmuchlonelier.Socialmediadopeoplemoreharmthangood.Peoplebecomemoreconnectedtoeachother.SocialmediaincreaselevelsofAmericans'loneliness.WhichopinionmightDouglasNemeceksupport?Lonelinessisnotsoharmfulassmoking.Lonelinessistakenseriouslybythepublic.Lonelinessismoredangerousthanobesity.Lonelinessistargetedinpublichealthcampaigns.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“talliedwith”meaninparagraph4?Agreedwith.Variedwith.Contradicted.Inspired.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?Todiscusshealthproblems.Topresentfindingsof4recentstudy.Towarnpeopleaboutsocialmediause.ToshowthreatstoAmericans'health.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ExposuretodifferentculturesisoneofthemainreasonsIenjoyvisitingothercountries.Thereareothertypesoffood,interestingpeople,newexperiences.16Acountryusuallyhasitsownmoney,suchasRMBinChina,rupeeinIndia,andrufiyaainMaldives.17Thiscanmaketravelamongsuchcountriesmucheasierandmoreconvenient.Inmyopinion,however,IlikehavingdifferentkindsofmoneytouseandgetusedtothatwhileItravel.18WhenIvisitedThailandandVietnamlastmonth,gettingusedtothefactthat￡1isequaltoover42Thaibahtand27,000Vietnamesedongwasalsoquiteagoodtestformymathsskills!Ifyou'veeverbeentotheU.K.,youwillknowtheQueen'sheadisoneverybanknoteandeverycoin.IwaslivingintheQuebecprovinceofCanadalastyearandmoneytheresurprisedmegreatly.19Thisisbecauseshe'salsoCanada'sHeadofState.ImagesontheCanadianmoneyarevarious,includingformerprimeministers,aswellasCanadianwildlifelikethebeaver,caribouandpolarbear.20WartimePrimeMinisterWinstonChurchillappearson￡5banknotesandwriterJaneAusten￡10banknotes.Thebanknotesarealsomadeofamaterialcalledpolymerratherthanpaper.InCanada,theyarealreadyusingpolymerbanknotesandsomepeopleeventhinkthatthemoneysmellsofmaplesyrup（楓糖漿），probablythecountry'smostwell-knownfood!Therearenewhistoricalfiguresonthepoundnotes.TheyhavetheBritishQueenontheir$20banknotes.Moneyrepresentspreferenceanddevelopmentofacounty.Ofcourse,there'remanycountriesusingeurosorUSdollars.Youwillalsobeamazedbytheimagesonthemoney.Onemorethingtomentioninanewcountryisadifferentcurrency.It'spartoftheculturalexperiencetoholdmoneywithaforeignfigure.第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Sometimelastyear,MichaelBlonderbegangivingoutreusablefabricbags（布袋）witheachpurchaseinsteadofdisposableplasticbagatA.L.GoodiesGeneralStore,thesouvenirshophe21onMainStreet.Themove,Blondersaid,wasinanticipationof（預(yù)期某事的發(fā)生）abanonplasticbags,

22thecityhasnotmadeanefforttodosoinmorethanadecade.Eightstatesaroundthecountryhavealready23them.AndinneighboringMontgomeryCountyandWashington,D.C.,feeshavebeenlevied(征收)to_24consumersawayfromusingthesingle-useplasticbagsthatcan25theirwayintonearbywaterways,26stormdrainsandgettingstuckintreebranches.OnMonday,AnnapolisAldermanRobSavidgeintroduceda2thatwouldpreventany28inthecity一whoownsgrocers,conveniencestoresandothers一from29plasticbagsatthepointofsale.TheAnnapolisbillalso30a20-centfeeforeachpaperbagthat'sissuedonlyfor31businessesthosewithafootprintof20,000squarefeetormore.Savidgehopesthebillwillcutoffthepublic's32onplasticbagsandhelpcleanuppollution.Butacitybilldoesnotbecomea33untilmoreproceduresaredone.Abanisa(n)34partofenvironmentalprotection,saidRickKissel,theformervice-chairoftheAnneArundelCountySierraClub.Herecommendedadelayinplacingthebansocustomerscould35.21.A.buildsB.entersC.visitsD.runs21.A.builds22.A.thoughB.until22.A.thoughB.untilC.unlessD.after23.A.soldB.bannedC.reducedD.produced23.A.soldB.bannedC.reducedD.produced24.A.introduceB.announceC.interviewD.direct25.A.loseB.findC.fightD.wind26.A.makingupB.buildingupC.blockingupD.showingup27.A.billB.noteC.letterD.measureA.teachers24.A.introduceB.announceC.interviewD.direct25.A.loseB.findC.fightD.wind26.A.makingupB.buildingupC.blockingupD.showingup27.A.billB.noteC.letterD.measureA.teachersA.providingemployingA.looksforA.cleanerA.promiseB.officersC.doctorsD.shopkeepersB.producingC.recyclingD.B.callsforB.privateB.dependenceC.makesforC.publicC.opinionD.hopesforD.largerD.income33.A.noticeB.lawC.informationD.rule34.A.meaninglessB.impossibleC.essentialD.immediate35.A.refuseB.learnC.adjustD.understand第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Newspapers,magazines,evenonlinearticlesofferreadingmaterials.Morestrictlyspeaking,readingmeansreadingbooks.However,onlinematerialsaretaking36placeofbooks,andreadingbooksseemstogooutoffashionnowadays.37readinghabitshavechangedcanbefeltfromtheamountoftimeyoungpeoplespend38(sweep)throughshortvideosontheirsmartphones.Somepeopleclaimshortvideoscontainmuchinformation,andareeasiertolookthrough.Butby39(compare)withbooks,shortvideoshavefragmented(碎片化的)anddisorganizedcontents,whichcouldaffectpeople'sunderstandingofasubject.Readingarticlesandshortposts40(play)animportantroleinintegratingknowledgeandachievements.Butfragmentedknowledgecouldpreventusfromactingina41(practice)mannerorthinkinglogically.Acountry'struedevelopmentismeasuredfromsuch42(aspect):itsphilosophicaldevelopment,itsscientificdevelopmentanditstechnologicaldevelopment.Culturaldevelopment,too,isimportant.But43thehelpofbooks,peoplecannottakethedevelopmentforward.Sincemoreandmorepeoplecould44(bare)discoverthecharmofreadingnow,thereisaneed,therefore,45(seek)novelwaystoguidethemtowardbooks.第三部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)假定你是李華，你發(fā)現(xiàn)許多學(xué)生倒掉午餐到學(xué)校的小賣(mài)部去買(mǎi)零食，于是在同學(xué)中做了調(diào)查。請(qǐng)給校長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)封信，內(nèi)容包括：產(chǎn)生此現(xiàn)象的原因；解決問(wèn)題的具體建議。1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)80詞左右；2.信的開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearSchoolPresident,IamLiHua,aseniorstudentinyourschool.Recently,Ifoundalotofstudentspouringlunchintheschoolcanteenandgoingtobuysnacksinstead.Yourstudent,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Jamesshookhismoneyboxagain.Nothing!Hecarefullycountedthecoinsthatlayonthebed.$24.52wasallthathehad.Thebicyclehewantedwas$90!Howonearthwashegoingtogettherestofthemoney?Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbicycles.Itwashardtohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasnoneedtoaskhisparentsbecauseheknewtheyhadnomoneytospare.Therewasonlyonewaytogetmoney,andthatwastoearnit.Hewouldhavetofindajob.Butwhowouldhirehimandwhatcouldhedo?HedecidedtoaskMr.Clayforadvice,whousuallyhadopinionsinmostthings.“Well,youcanstartrighthere,”saidMr.Clay.“Mywindowsneedcleaningandmycarneedswashing.”ThatwasthebeginningofJames'soddjob（零工）business.Forthreemonthsheworkedeverydayafterfinishinghishomework.Hewassurprisedbythevariousjobsthatpeoplefoundforhimtodo.Hetookdogsandbabiesforwalks,clearedoutcupboards,andmendedbooks.Heforgotthenumberofcarshewashedandwindowshecleaned,butthemoneyincreasedandheknewthathewouldsoonhaveenoughforthebicyclehewasdyingfor.ThedayfinallycamewhenJamescountedhismoneyandfound$94.32.Hewastednotimeandwentdowntotheshoptopickupthebicyclehewanted.Ithadbeenhardworkforthemoney,butJamesknewthathevaluedhisbicyclefarmoresincehehadboughtitwithhisownmoney.Hehadachievedwhathethoughtwasimpossible,andthatwasworthevenmorethanthebicycle.、:I.注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Paragraph1:Herodeproudlyhome,lookingforwardtoshowinghisnewbicycletohisfriends.Paragraph2:Manyyearslater,Jamessucceededin參考答案第一部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)A篇本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四個(gè)可以學(xué)習(xí)音樂(lè)和舞蹈的地方。D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)PerformingArts部分的“Representingprofessionaldanceandoperacompaniesinthecity,theTorontoAllianceforthePerformingArts(TAPA)...,availableformoreguidance.”可知，TAPA會(huì)提供演出的相關(guān)信息，并且有自己的應(yīng)用程序和電話服務(wù)，由此可推斷，TAPA提供的是有關(guān)演出的服務(wù)。故選D項(xiàng)。B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Theatre部分的“theGlobusTheatre...Itcreatespartnershipswiththeatrecompaniesinvariouscountries,andshowsdiversetheatreforcommunities”可知，GlobusTheatre與不同國(guó)家的戲劇公司合作，會(huì)提供來(lái)自世界各地的表演。C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)OrchestralMusic(管弦樂(lè))部分的“...asistheOntarioPhilharmonicinOshawa,withasolidseasonofexcellenttraditionalmusic”可知，OntarioPhilharmonic有一整季的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)演出，因此那些愛(ài)好古典作品的人會(huì)更喜歡去這里。B篇本文是一篇記敘文，主題語(yǔ)境是人與自我。為了學(xué)習(xí)技能，作者參加了家具制造的課程。雖然到結(jié)課時(shí)，作者的家具制造技能仍然不好，但是在這一年的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，他還是領(lǐng)悟到了許多其他的東西。B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Asanadult,IrealizedthatIhadnoskills,soIwenttotradeschool.”可知，作為成年人，作者沒(méi)有一技之長(zhǎng)，因此他才決定去上職業(yè)學(xué)校。由此可知，他是為了學(xué)習(xí)新技能。C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ididn'tfullyknowwhatIwasdevotingmyselftoatthebeginning,butIkeptgoingtoclass.”“giving100percentofmyeffort”，以及第四段中的“Ikepttrying”和第五段中的“Ifinishedtheprogram一withhonors,noless”可知，作者全身心地投入到制造家具的課程中，雖然工具總是擺不齊、經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò)，但仍然沒(méi)有放棄，故選C項(xiàng)。hard-working“努力的”,determined“意志堅(jiān)定的”。A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Iwasprettybadrighttotheend”“Ifinished...Mygradeswerehelpedbymygoodwrittenwork”可知，作者到結(jié)課時(shí)制作家具的技能還是不好，取得的成績(jī)主要得益于其出色的書(shū)面作業(yè)，故可知作者的手工作業(yè)成績(jī)不好。B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Workinginthisnewphysicalmanner...Igotovermyfearofembarrassmentandaskedforhelpateveryopportunity.”，第四段中的“Truelearningisahumbling（令人謙卑的）experience”“Ilearnedtofailbetter”和第五段中的“Havingtoconstantlypushbeyondmycomfortzone...I'mstrongerthanIthought!”可知，作者在學(xué)習(xí)技能的同時(shí)促進(jìn)了自己的心理健康，克服了對(duì)尷尬的恐懼，變得謙遜，而且邁出了舒適區(qū),最重要的是對(duì)自己的優(yōu)劣勢(shì)有了更現(xiàn)實(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)。由此可知，作者這一年不僅僅是學(xué)習(xí)了技能，還有了多方面的收獲，故選B項(xiàng)。C篇本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，從科學(xué)認(rèn)知的角度說(shuō)明了病毒從動(dòng)物到人的傳播途徑以及病毒發(fā)生變異的情況。該話題屬于《考試大綱》所列話題中的“健康”以及“熱點(diǎn)話題”D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由文章第三段第一句“Becauseeveryvirushasevolvedtotargetaparticularspecies,it'srareforavirustobeabletojumptoanotherspecies.”可知，每種病毒都以某個(gè)特定物種為攻擊目標(biāo)，所以病毒很難從一個(gè)物種跨越到另一個(gè)物種，故D項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thenewhostspecies...mightnothaveevolvedtheabilitytotackle（應(yīng)對(duì)）thevirus.”可知，新宿主還不能應(yīng)對(duì)病毒，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；新物種尚未產(chǎn)生抵抗力，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；“并非每種病毒都不能適應(yīng)新物種”，文中無(wú)信息支撐，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D考查主旨大意。由文章第五段第一句可知，病毒寄存到新的宿主身上后，將會(huì)導(dǎo)致更加嚴(yán)重的疾??；再根據(jù)后半段的解釋可知，此段主要說(shuō)的是病毒變異的原因，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“原物種的抵抗力”、B項(xiàng)“新宿主物種的能力”以及C項(xiàng)“病毒感染的過(guò)程”均不符合本段大意。B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。通過(guò)文章最后一段中的“inthecaseofSARS-CoV-2,thismayhavebeenpangolins（穿山甲）”可知，穿山甲可能是病毒SARS-CoV-2傳播的中間宿主。C考查推理判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了病毒能夠從動(dòng)物傳播到人類(lèi)，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)不應(yīng)該遷移到荒涼的地區(qū)”的說(shuō)法過(guò)于極端，不能因?yàn)楹ε虏《揪妥柚股鐣?huì)發(fā)展，故表述錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)物其實(shí)是我們最好的朋友”不是本文所要傳達(dá)的信息；D項(xiàng)信息與原文不符，病毒是在新的宿主身上才逐漸變異的，而不是為了傳染其他物種才變異的。D篇本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主題語(yǔ)境是人與社會(huì)。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究的成果：盡管社交媒體讓我們比歷史上任何時(shí)候都更容易與人建立起聯(lián)系，但是許多美國(guó)人感到比以往任何時(shí)候都孤獨(dú)。D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“anewstudysuggeststhatmanyAmericansfeellonelierthaneverbefore”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)社交媒體讓美國(guó)人變得更加孤獨(dú)。C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Lonelinesshasthesameinfluenceonhealthassmoking15cigarettesaday,whileobesity（肥胖）lessthan10cigarettesaday”可知，孤獨(dú)對(duì)健康的影響相當(dāng)于每天吸15支煙的影響，而肥胖對(duì)健康的影響相當(dāng)于每天吸不到10支煙的影響。由此可推知，孤獨(dú)比肥胖更危險(xiǎn)。A考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)上文提到的Nemecek的言論和下文中的“thoseofotherleadingpublichealthspecialists...lonelinessshouldbetargetedinpublicheathcampaignslikethosedesignedtofightagainstsmokingandobesity”以及“theworstdiseaseIsawwasnotheartdiseaseordiabetes;itwasloneliness”可知，此處表示Nemecek的言論與其他一些健康專(zhuān)家的言論是一致的，故選A。B考查寫(xiě)作目的。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是文章首尾兩段呼應(yīng)可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究的結(jié)果：盡管社交媒體使得人們更易與他人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系，但許多美國(guó)人卻感到比以往任何時(shí)候都要孤獨(dú)。第二節(jié)本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主題語(yǔ)境是“人與社會(huì)”。作者講述了他喜歡去別的國(guó)家旅游以從當(dāng)?shù)氐男迈r事物中接觸不同的文化，貨幣就是其中之一，通過(guò)不同國(guó)家的貨幣可以了解他們的文化和歷史。F上文提至U“Thereareothertypesoffood,interestingpeople,newexperiences.”,下文講述各個(gè)國(guó)家的貨幣，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Onemorethingtomentioninanewcountryisadifferentcurrency.”承上啟下，符合題意。D根據(jù)空后的“Thiscanmaketravelbetweensuchcountriesmucheasierandmoreconvenient.”可知，空處是導(dǎo)致這個(gè)結(jié)果的原因。D項(xiàng)中提及“很多國(guó)家使用歐元或美元”，這正是給人們旅游帶來(lái)便利的原因。G結(jié)合上文中的“IlikehavingdifferentkindsofmoneytouseandgetusedtothatwhileItravel.”以及下文作者去泰國(guó)和越南用當(dāng)?shù)氐呢泿趴芍髡哒J(rèn)為通過(guò)使用不同的貨幣可以了解當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕?，G項(xiàng)正是說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)。B結(jié)合上文提到的“theQueen'sheadisoneverybanknoteandeverycoin”和下文中“Thisisbecauseshe'salsoCanada'sHeadofState”可知，英國(guó)的貨幣上有女王的頭像，同時(shí)英國(guó)女王也是加拿大的國(guó)家元首，所以空處表示加拿大的貨幣上也有女王頭像，B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。A下一句提到丘吉爾（的頭像）出現(xiàn)在了5英鎊紙幣上，作家簡(jiǎn)?奧斯?。ǖ念^像）出現(xiàn)在了10英鎊的紙幣上，再結(jié)合第三段提至“如果你至過(guò)英國(guó)，你就知道女王的頭像出現(xiàn)在所有的紙幣和硬幣上”可知，此處應(yīng)表示英鎊上出現(xiàn)了新的人物形象。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用第一節(jié)本文是一篇記敘文。一家紀(jì)念品店的店主MichaelBlonder給來(lái)自己店里購(gòu)物的顧客發(fā)放布袋，而不是塑料袋，目的是希望政府能夠禁止使用一次性塑料袋，以利于環(huán)境保護(hù)。D由空前的“givingoutreusablefabricbags(布袋)witheachpurchase”可知，MichaelBlonder是紀(jì)念品店的店主，故填“經(jīng)營(yíng)”，符合文意。A聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處表示盡管該城市十多年來(lái)都還沒(méi)有試圖這樣做?？仗幥昂蟠嬖谝馑忌系淖尣剑视胻hough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。B由下文中的“feeshavebeenlevied(征收)”可知，全國(guó)有8個(gè)州實(shí)施了禁令?！皌hem”對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的“abanonplasticbags”，故選B。D聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處表示征收費(fèi)用的目的是引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者不使用一次性塑料袋。故選directoB此處表示一次性塑料袋會(huì)進(jìn)入附近的航道。findone'swayto/into“進(jìn)入，到達(dá)”。C聯(lián)系上下文并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，一次性塑料袋會(huì)堵塞雨水道。blockup“塞住，封住(孔、洞)”，符合文意。A由下文中的“TheAnnapolisbill”可知，所缺的詞是bill,意為“法案，議案”。D由破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容“whoownsgrocers,conveniencestoresandothers”可知，此處指的是店主(shopkeepers)。A聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處指該法案阻止他們提供(providing)塑料袋。故選A。B聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處表示安納波利斯法案也要求每個(gè)紙袋征收20美分。callfor“(公開(kāi))要求”，符合文意。D根據(jù)下文中的“thosewithafootprintof20,000squarefeetormore”可知，此處指規(guī)模較大的公司，故選D。B聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處表示Savidge希望這個(gè)法案能夠中斷公眾對(duì)塑料袋的依賴(lài)(dependence)o故選B。B聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處講述議案成為法律的過(guò)程，故選law。C聯(lián)系上下文可知，一項(xiàng)禁令是環(huán)境保護(hù)必不可少的一部分。essential“極其重要的，必不可少的”，符合文意。C由上文中的“recommendedadelayinplacingtheban”可推知，他建議推遲實(shí)施這一禁令的目的是讓消費(fèi)者可以適應(yīng)(adjust)o故選C。第二節(jié)本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，主題語(yǔ)境是“人與社會(huì)”。隨著閱讀習(xí)慣的轉(zhuǎn)變，越來(lái)越多的人幾乎發(fā)現(xiàn)不了傳統(tǒng)書(shū)籍的魅力，年輕人花在刷手機(jī)上的時(shí)間過(guò)