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MajorsymptomsandsignsofrespiratorydiseasesMajorsymptomsandsignsofre大葉性肺炎
Lobarpneumonia大葉性肺炎
Lobarpneumonia大葉性肺炎大葉性肺炎呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎SymptomTriggers:“cold”,fatigue,alcoholismOnset:acuteCinicalfeatures:Generalized:chillsandfever(39~40oC,enecia),headach,myalgia,Pulmonary:chestpain,tachypnea,coughandsputum(rusty)SymptomTriggers:“cold”,fatigSignandphysicalexaminationInspection視診Faceflushing,naresflaring,dyspnea,cyanosis,chestexpansionreducedontheaffectedside
Palpation觸診thevocalfremitusPleuralfrictionfremitusSignandphysicalexaminationIPercussion叩診thepercussionnoteisdullorflatovertheaffectedarea.Auscultation聽診breathsoundsisincreasedbronchialbreathsoundsmoistralesvocalresonanceincreasedpleuralfrictionrubifanacutepleuritisexistsPercussion叩診SignsoflobarpneumoniaSignsoflobarpneumoniaPulmonaryemphysemaPulmonaryemphysema呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎Emphysemaisalong-term,progressivediseaseofthelungsthatprimarilycausesshortnessofbreath.Inpeoplewithemphysema,thetissuesnecessarytosupportthephysicalshapeandfunctionofthelungsaredestroyed.ItisincludedinagroupofdiseasescalledchronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseorCOPD.Emphysemaisalong-term,progEmphysemaiscalledanobstructivelungdiseasebecausethedestructionoflungtissuearoundsmallersacs,calledalveoli,makestheseairsacsunabletoholdtheirfunctionalshapeuponexhalation.EmphysemaiscalledanobstrucEtiologySmokingIndoorandOutdoorAirPollutionInfectionOccupationalDustsandChemicalsSocioeconomicStatusEtiologySmokingPathologyPathology呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎SymptomsChroniccoughSputumproductionExertionaldyspneaSymptomsChroniccoughSignsInspectionA“barrelchestdeformity”Thechestisonaninspiratoryposition,withtheribshorizontal.Theapexbeat心尖搏動oftheheartisnotvisible.SignsInspectionPalpation：
Thetactilefremitusisdiminishedoverbothsideofthechest
呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎Percussion：
hyperresonance
過清音theareaofcardiacdullnessisdiminishedTheupperlimitofliverdullnessisloweredPercussion：Auscultation：
thebreathsoundsdiminishedinintensityoralmostinaudibleExpirationiscommonlyprolongedRhonchi/wheezesormoistcracklesmaybehearedAuscultation：BronchialasthmaBronchialasthmaSymptomsOnset:childhood/adolencenceFeatures:recurrentattack,seasonalsymptomsTriggers:allergenexposurewithallergicrhinitisDyspneawithwheezing,Coughwith/withoutsputumResolutionwith/withoutmedicationsSymptomsOnset:childhood/adolSignsRapidshallowbreathingProlongedexpirationOrthopneaSweatingCyanosisrespiratorymevementvocalfremitusHyperresonanceDiffusedwheezing,expiratorySignsRapidshallowbreathingPLEURALEFFUSIONPLEURALEFFUSIONPleuraleffusionisexcessfluidthataccumulatesinthepleura,thefluid-filledspacethatsurroundsthelungs.Excessiveamountsofsuchfluidcanimpairbreathingbylimitingtheexpansionofthelungsduringrespiration.Pleuraleffusionisexcessflu呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎SymptomsPleuriticchestpain,relievedonlyingDrycoughDyspnea,ifthefluid>500mlCyanosis,hypotensionFever,heartfailure,edemaSymptomsPleuriticchestpain,
Inspection
：decreasedmovementofthechestontheaffectedsidetheintercostalspacesmayactuallybulgePalpation
：ThevocalfremitusisabsentormarkedlydiminishedpleuralfrictionrubSignsSignsPercussion
：stonydullnesstopercussionoverthefluidThecardiacbordermaybechangedPercussion：Auscultation
：ThevocalresonanceisdiminishedorabsentThebreathsoundsarediminishedorabsentovertheareaoftheeffusion
BronchovesicularbreathsoundsareoftenheardattheupperlimitofthefluidApleuralfrictionrubmaybeheardAuscultation：PneumothoraxPneumothoraxPneumothoraxPneumothoraxisacollectionofairorgasinthepleuralcavityofthechestbetweenthelungandthechestwall.PneumothoraxPneumothoraxisaCausesDiseasesoftheairways:COPD(especiallywhenemphysemaandlungbullaearepresent),acutesevereasthma,cysticfibrosisLunginfectionsInterstitiallungdiseasesCancerendometriosisinthechesttraumaticCausesDiseasesoftheairways:呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎SymptomsTrigger:holdbreath,heavytaker,exercise,coughChestpainanddyspneaThesymptomsofapneumothoraxaredeterminedbythesizeoftheairleakandthespeedbywhichitoccurschestpaininmostcases:suddenonsetofunilateralchestpainSuddenshortnessofbreathinmanydrycoughSymptomsTrigger:holdbreath,Inspection
：Theaffectedsideofthechestmaybehyperexpandedandshowdecreasedmovement,withincreasedmovementontheothersidecyanosisPalpation
：Thevocalresonanceandtactilefremitusisdiminishedorabolishedovertheaffectedside.SubcutaneousemphysemaSignsInspection：SignsPercussion
：hyperresonantortympanicAuscultation
：ThebreathsoundsaremarkedlydiminishedontheaffectedsideThevocalresonanceisusuallydiminishedPercussion：Thankyou!Thankyou!MajorsymptomsandsignsofrespiratorydiseasesMajorsymptomsandsignsofre大葉性肺炎
Lobarpneumonia大葉性肺炎
Lobarpneumonia大葉性肺炎大葉性肺炎呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎SymptomTriggers:“cold”,fatigue,alcoholismOnset:acuteCinicalfeatures:Generalized:chillsandfever(39~40oC,enecia),headach,myalgia,Pulmonary:chestpain,tachypnea,coughandsputum(rusty)SymptomTriggers:“cold”,fatigSignandphysicalexaminationInspection視診Faceflushing,naresflaring,dyspnea,cyanosis,chestexpansionreducedontheaffectedside
Palpation觸診thevocalfremitusPleuralfrictionfremitusSignandphysicalexaminationIPercussion叩診thepercussionnoteisdullorflatovertheaffectedarea.Auscultation聽診breathsoundsisincreasedbronchialbreathsoundsmoistralesvocalresonanceincreasedpleuralfrictionrubifanacutepleuritisexistsPercussion叩診SignsoflobarpneumoniaSignsoflobarpneumoniaPulmonaryemphysemaPulmonaryemphysema呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎Emphysemaisalong-term,progressivediseaseofthelungsthatprimarilycausesshortnessofbreath.Inpeoplewithemphysema,thetissuesnecessarytosupportthephysicalshapeandfunctionofthelungsaredestroyed.ItisincludedinagroupofdiseasescalledchronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseorCOPD.Emphysemaisalong-term,progEmphysemaiscalledanobstructivelungdiseasebecausethedestructionoflungtissuearoundsmallersacs,calledalveoli,makestheseairsacsunabletoholdtheirfunctionalshapeuponexhalation.EmphysemaiscalledanobstrucEtiologySmokingIndoorandOutdoorAirPollutionInfectionOccupationalDustsandChemicalsSocioeconomicStatusEtiologySmokingPathologyPathology呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎SymptomsChroniccoughSputumproductionExertionaldyspneaSymptomsChroniccoughSignsInspectionA“barrelchestdeformity”Thechestisonaninspiratoryposition,withtheribshorizontal.Theapexbeat心尖搏動oftheheartisnotvisible.SignsInspectionPalpation：
Thetactilefremitusisdiminishedoverbothsideofthechest
呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎Percussion：
hyperresonance
過清音theareaofcardiacdullnessisdiminishedTheupperlimitofliverdullnessisloweredPercussion：Auscultation：
thebreathsoundsdiminishedinintensityoralmostinaudibleExpirationiscommonlyprolongedRhonchi/wheezesormoistcracklesmaybehearedAuscultation：BronchialasthmaBronchialasthmaSymptomsOnset:childhood/adolencenceFeatures:recurrentattack,seasonalsymptomsTriggers:allergenexposurewithallergicrhinitisDyspneawithwheezing,Coughwith/withoutsputumResolutionwith/withoutmedicationsSymptomsOnset:childhood/adolSignsRapidshallowbreathingProlongedexpirationOrthopneaSweatingCyanosisrespiratorymevementvocalfremitusHyperresonanceDiffusedwheezing,expiratorySignsRapidshallowbreathingPLEURALEFFUSIONPLEURALEFFUSIONPleuraleffusionisexcessfluidthataccumulatesinthepleura,thefluid-filledspacethatsurroundsthelungs.Excessiveamountsofsuchfluidcanimpairbreathingbylimitingtheexpansionofthelungsduringrespiration.Pleuraleffusionisexcessflu呼吸系統(tǒng)課件：呼吸常見病大葉性肺炎SymptomsPleuriticchestpain,relievedonlyingDrycoughDyspnea,ifthefluid>500mlCyanosis,hypotensionFever,heartfailure,edemaSymptomsPleuriticchestpain,
Inspection
：decreasedmovementofthechestontheaffectedsidetheintercostalspacesmayactuallybulgePalpation
：ThevocalfremitusisabsentormarkedlydiminishedpleuralfrictionrubSignsSignsPercussion
：stonydullnesstopercussionoverthefluidThecardiacbordermaybechangedPercussion：Auscultation
：ThevocalresonanceisdiminishedorabsentThebreathsoundsarediminishedorabsentovertheareaoftheeffusion
BronchovesicularbreathsoundsareoftenheardattheupperlimitofthefluidApleuralfrictionrubmaybeheardAuscultation：PneumothoraxPneumothoraxPneumothoraxPneumothoraxisacollectionofairorgasinthepleuralcavityofthechestbetweenthelungandthechestwall.PneumothoraxPneumothoraxisaCausesDiseasesoftheairways:COPD(especiallywhen
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