2020年1月2020屆清華中學(xué)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)術(shù)能力診斷性考試英語試卷及答案

2020年1月2020屆清華中學(xué)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)術(shù)能力診斷性考試英語試卷★?？荚図樌?/p>

本試卷共150分，考試時間100分鐘。第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）AFouroftheOldestBuildingsintheWorldKnapofHowarOneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworldistheKnapofHowar,whichdatesbackto3700-3500BCE.Thefarmhouseisoneoftheoldest,still-standingstonehousesinEurope.Itincludestwostonehomeslinkedthroughahiddenpassageandjointwalls.ArchaeologistssayIrishorScottishmonkscouldbethefirstbuildersandresidentsoftheKnapofHowar.Althoughthehouseisstillstanding,theseabandonedplacesaroundtheworldarebettercandidatesforrestoration.GgantijaTemplesTheMegalithicTemplesofMalta,ortheGgantijaTemples,datebackto3600to3200BCE.ThetwotemplesontheislandofMaltaareUNESCOWorldHeritagesites.It'soneoftheoldestfree-standingmonumentsintheworld.Archaeologiststhinkthetemplewasusedforritualanimalsacrifices.Shunetel-ZebibShunetel-Zebibispartiallystanding,butmostlyinruins.It'sstill,however,oneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworld.TheEgyptiantemplebuiltin2750BCEisofmudandbrick.Ithasanundergroundtombaswellasanabove-groundcomplex.Architecturally,it'sanodtotheEgyptianpyramidssoontocome.TombofCyrusBuiltin530BCE,theTombofCyrusisoneofIran'sWorldHeritageSitesandoneoftheoldestbuildingsontheplanet.It'salsobelievedtobeoneofthefirstearthquake-protectedstructuresintheworld,accordingtoAtlasObscura.Thebaseisolatingusedonthetombprotectsthemainstructurefrommovingapartfromthefoundation.Whatdothefourbuildingshaveincommon?AllofthemarelocatedinEurope.Allofthemaremadeofstoneandmud.AllofthemareUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.AllofthemwerebuiltbeforethebirthofChrist.Whichofthefourbuildingsmaybethestrongest?KnapofHowar.B.GgantijaTemples.C.Shunetel-Zebib.D.TombofCyrus.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?Shunetel-Zebibisearthquakeprotected.TombofCyrushasanundergroundtomb.GgantijaTemplesarebuiltbyIrishmonks.KnapofHowarmaybetheoldestbuildingamongthefour.BInthesummerof2010,DeborahBarrettandherson,Anthony,walkedoutofarestaurantneartheEdmontonhighschoolfromwhichhe'dgraduatedtwoyearsearlier.TheyhadvolunteeredtowashdishestheretogiveAnthonysomethingtodo,butwhentheywentout,thesunslicedthroughthecloudsandDeborahhadarealization:mykidisnotspendinghislifeinadishpit.Cleaningplatesisn'ttheonlyoptionforhigh-schoolgraduates.ButAnthonyhasautism（自閉癥）andismostlynon-verbal,asidefromshortwordsinanswertoyes-or-noquestionsandtheEeeeesoundshemakeswhenhe'sexcited,happyorfrustrated.Onceapersonwithintellectualdisabilitiesagesoutofschool,“There'snolifeforthem,”Deborahsays.Programsend,andjobsareusuallyhumble.Ashersonenteredhis20s,Deborahthoughtaboutwhathecoulddoandwhatheenjoyed.Amonghislikes:beingdrivenaroundandcarryingthings,aswellasseeingnewplacesbutnotstayinglong.Maybehecouldbeacourier?Thecatch:Anthonydoesn'tmovefast,andcourierjobswouldrequirehissupportstafftobehisdriverandco-worker.Thatwasn'tanissueforMikeHamm.In2012,hbeecameAnthony'snewassistantandembracedtheplanofspendingpartoftheirdaysdeliveringpackagesasateam.ThepaircalledtheirventureAnthonyatYourService,signedafewcustomersandsetoutinHamm'slorry.Sevenyearslater,boxesawaitingdistributionarepiledontheporchofthehome.Anthony,30,shareswithDeborahandherhusband,David,alawyer.Thecompanynowhastwo-dozendeliveryteams-eachcomprisingacontractorwithanintellectualdisabilityandtheirsupport-workercontractor-inEdmontonandCalgary.Launchingacompanythatemploys24contractorswithintellectualdisabilities,andallthelogisticsthatcomealongwiththat,wasn'ttheoriginalplan,Deborahsays.Buttherealitiesofdeliverywork-thepeaksandvalleysindemand,thelonghours-meantthatAnthonyandHammcouldn'tshouldertheloadalone.AndthefeedbackshereceivedfromAlberta'sautisticandintellectuallydisabledcommunitiessuggestedtheywantedtoworkforacompanythatunderstoodthem.RunningAnthonyatYourServicehasbecomeDeborah'sfull-time,andshegaveupherpsychotherapypracticeandthepresidencyofAutismSocietyAlbertaacoupleyearsago.“WhatI'mdoingforAnthonynowhasmademoredifferenceinhislifethananyofthattoherwork,”shesays.“Wewanttocreatejobsforpeoplewithallkindsofabilitiesanddisabilities.”What'sthefutureofthepersonswithintellectualdisabilitiesaccordingtoDeborah?A.Theywilllosetheirlives.B.Theywillgetwell-paidjobs.C.Theywillcleanplatesinrestaurants.D.Theywillfindithardtofindadecentjob.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courier”meaninthe3rdparagraph?Accountant.B.Barber.C.Deliveryman.D.Engineer.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Davidlaunchedthecompanyforhisson.Anthony'scontractorsaremainlydisabled.Deborahgaveupheroriginaljobunwillingly.MikeHammisanintellectuallydisabledperson.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDeborahBarrett?Accessible.B.Caring.C.Humorous.D.Modest.CJellyfishareunusualcreatures.They'reneitherfishnorjelly.Someareamongthemostcolourfulcreaturesintheworld,butit'sbesttolookbutnottouchtheseinvertebrates（無脊椎動物）.Notonlyaretheyveryfragilecreatures,butmanygiveapainfulsting,andsomeareevendeadly.Whetheryouadmiretheminanaquariumortrytoavoidtheminthewildyouwon'tbeabletogetthesefascinatingjellyfishfactsoutofyourhead.Here'sajellyfishfactthatmightcomeinhandy:Thereareseveralnamesforagroupofjellyfish.Theyincludesmack,bloom,andswarm.Choosethewordyoupreferdependingonwhetheryouthinkthejellyfishpacklookslikeagardenofbloomingflowersormorelikeafrighteningpackofstingers,andwhetheryou'readmiringthematanaquariumorifyouandyourfellowsnorkelersaresurrounded.Jellyfishhavetwomainformsintheirlifecyclethatlookquitedifferentfromeachother.ScientificAmericanexplainsthatanadult

jellyfish,calledamedusa,hasabell-shapedbodywithtentacles（觸須）flowingdownbelowit.Youngjellyfish,calledpolyps,lookmorelikeseaanemones,withshortertentaclesthatflowupabovethemainbody.Medusasreproducebyreleasingeggs.MelanieRoberts,SeniorAquaristatSeaWorldOrlando,saysthatthelargestjellyfishintheworldisalion'smanejellyfish.Thebodyofthisbeautifulorangejellycangrowuptothreefeetindiameter.Withits12,000tentaclesthatcangrow120feetlong,Oaddsthatthelion'smanejellycomparesinsizetotheplanet'slargestanimal:thebluewhale.Regardlessoftheirsize,jellyfisharemostlymadeofwater.Infact,they'reabout95percentwater.Thesecreaturesdon'thavebrains,blood,orbones.Andmostjellyfishdon'thaveeyes.Jellyfishalsousetheirmouthsbothforeatingandforwasteremoval.Whycan'twetouchjellyfish?Becausetheymaybestung.Becausetheymaydieeasily.Becausetheymaybestung.Becausetheymaydieeasily.Becausetheymayfeelpainful.Whatarejellyfishnamedafter?Becausetheymayfeelpainful.Whatarejellyfishnamedafter?Becausetheymayhurtpeople.A.Itssize.B.Itscolor.C.Itsappearance.D.ItsA.Itssize.B.Itscolor.C.Itsappearance.D.Itslifestyle.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Mouthisanimportantorganforjellyfish.Polypscanclonethemselvesbylayingeggs.Thelargestjellyfishintheworldis120feetlong.Medusashavetentaclesflowingupabovethebody.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Severalfactsaboutjellyfish.B.Thetwomainformsofjellyfish.D.JellyfishhavemanyC.Jellyfishareneitherfishnorjellydifferentnames.D.JellyfishhavemanyAnytimeweburnfossilfuels,we'repumpingfineparticulatematter（纟田顆粒物）fromoil,gasandothertoxins毒素）intotheair.“Someofthesecarbonparticlescanpersistinthelungsfordecades,”saysDr.DonSin,arespirologistanddirectoroftheCentreforHeartLungInnovationinVancouver.Over7,000Canadiansdiedfromcomplicationsduetopoorairqualityin2015.AstudyintheEuropeanHeartJournalearlierthisyearfoundthatairpollutionnowkills8.8millionpeopleworldwideperyear-morethantobaccosmoking.Sinaddsthatwomen'slungsseemparticularlyeasytogetcancerfrompollution.Currently,10,000Canadianwomendieoflungcancereveryyear,and15percentofnewcasesarepeoplewhohaveneversmoked.“InCanada,lung-cancerdeathsinfemalenon-smokerswillverysoonprobablyoutnumberthedeathsfrombreastcancer,becauselungcancerissodeadly,”hesays.Contributingtoairpollutionarethe8,000wildfiresweexperienceeveryyearinCanada,likethosethatdestroyedlargeareasofAlbertathispastspring.Theseareincreasinginfrequencyandintensitywithourhotter,drierspells.AstudyintheCanadianJournalofEmergencyMedicinefoundthatprescriptionsforanasthmaandCOPDdrugroseby22percentintheYellowkniferegioninthesummerof2014,whenitwassurroundedbywildfiresmoke.ThenumberofERvisitsforbreathingproblemswas42percenthigher;forchildren,itmorethandoubled.Anotherthreattobreathingismould,whichisaconcerninareaswithrepeatedflooding,suchasaroundNewBrunswick'sSaintJohnRiver,wherefloodwatershavebeeninhomesfortwoyearsinarowanddisplacedmorethan200families.Mouldsproducetoxinsandsporesthatcantriggerallergicreactionsorinfectionsiftakenin.Risingsealevelsandincreasedurbandevelopment,combinedwithintenserainfalls,meanwewillseealotmoreofit.Toavoidbreathingpollutedair,wearamaskratedN95-notasurgicalmask,whichisuseless,saysSin.“Thosearetoothinandeasilytorn.Theywon'tprotectyouatallfromairparticles.”O(jiān)nbad-airdays,getyourexerciseindoors,forinstancebywalkinginanair-conditionedmall.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.15percentofCanadianwomenhaveneversmoked.1,000Canadianwomendieoflungcancereveryyear.Airpollutionhaskilled8.8millionpeopleintheworld.Over7,000Canadiansdiedasaresultofairpollutionin2015.WhatmaycausethewildfiresinCanadaaccordingtothepassage?A.Hotweather.B.Cigaretteend.C.Dryplants.D.Poormanagement.WhatofthefollowingisNOTafactortoproducemoulds?A.Sealevelsrising.B.Developmentofcountryside.C.Lotsofrainfalls.D.Growthofcity.Whatshouldbesuggestedtopreventbreathingpollutedair?A.Wearingasurgicalmask.B.Takingexercise.C.Walkingindoors.D.Sleepinglongerhours.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Fromtimetotime,eventhemostproductiveprofessionalsprocrastinate（拖延）.Whenyourtendencytoprocrastinateisstartingtomakeyouroverallqualityofworkandlifesuffer,16.Here'swhatForbesCoachesCouncilmembersrecommenddoingtostopracingtheclock.TakethetinieststeppossibleWhenyoudon'tfeelmotivated,takethesmalleststeppossibletowardyourgoal.Aftertakingthatstep,you'remorelikelytocontinuetakingmorestepstowardthatgoal.17.Giveyourselfaharddeadline,andthenscheduleitThebestwaytoovercomeanaturaltendencytoprocrastinateistocreateaharddeadlineforyourselfandthenputitonthecalendar.18.Thenhonoritthesamewayyouwouldifyourbosswerewaitingforyoutocompletethetask.19Becomeadetectiveorascientistaboutyourpatternofprocrastinating.Noticeyourthoughts,feelings,behaviorsandthesituationwhenyoufeellikeprocrastinating.Writethesedown.Oftenperfectionism,whichwemayexperienceasanxiety,underliesthetendencytopostponeaction.Onceyouunderstandyourpattern,youcanholdyourselfaccountableinapositiveandself-compassionateway.Giveyourselfarewardforeachtaskyoucomplete20.Thengiveyourselfalittlerewardfordoingit.(pieceofcandy,afewminutesonSocialmedia,etc.).Thendosomethingonyourlistthatyouwanttodoandcontinuealternatingfromthere.Thismakesyourtaskslessdaunting.A.IdentifyapositiveoutcomefromyouractionTreatthedeadlinethesameasifyourbosscreateditUnderstandtheunderlyingreasonsyou'reprocrastinatingfindawaytomakeovercomingprocrastinationinterestingit'stimetodoarealitycheckandbreakyourselfofthehabitMakealistofthingsyouneedtodoanddotheoneyoudo'ntwanttodofirstInsteadoftellingyourselftoworkoutforanhour,sayy'oullgofor10minutes第二部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分55分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Inthefallof1968,IreturnedhomefromteachingGrades1through3inNewfoundlandtoteachGrades1and2insouthernManitoba.IfeltthebestwayformyPrairiestudentstoimprovetheir___21___oflifeandcultureonNewfoundland'snorthernislandwastobecomepenpalswiththestudentsthere.Onewayforthechildrento___22___differentculturesatthetimewasthroughwriting,whereaskingquestionscouldsatisfytheir___23___.Forstudentstohavesomeoneotherthantheirteacherreadtheirletterswasagreat___24___towrite.ThewholeclassinmyPrairieschoolclassroomhadthe___25___tohaveapenpalfromnorthernNewfoundland.Tosetthestage,Iintroducedthemtotheirpenpalsusingpicturesandinteresting___26___,suchastheboywhocametoschool___27___becausetheirparentswereinchargeofthelighthouse,orthelittlegirlsplayingacirclegamechanting,“ATisket,aTasket,AGreenandYellowBasket.”Therewere___28___oflobsterscookingonthewoodstovefortheeveningmealsandbabysealscryingontheicefloesinspring.___29___mostofmystudentswereinterestedinthelivesand___30___oftheseNewfoundlandchildren,thewritinglastedonlyashortwhile,___31___Eleanor,aGrade2studentfromthePrairies,andLois,aGrade3studentfromnorthernNewfoundland.EleanorandLoriswrotetoeachotherfromtheagesofsevenandeight___32___,andkeptintouchforalmosttwo___33___beforelosingcontactforatime.In2003,IreceivedanemailfromLois,tellingmethatshehadfoundEleanoronFacebookandthattheyhad___34___.“Yes,itwas___35___thatIwastofindEleanoragain,”wroteLois.Eleanorrememberedthatithadbeenexcitingtofinda___36___inthemailboxwithhernameonit.Lateron,intheircommunication,theyboth___37___whattheyhadincommon,includingChristianfaith,valuesand

theloveofwriting.They___38___storiesoffamilyexperiences,dreams,childrenandprofessions.Theyweredeterminedtokeepintouch___39___the4,737kilometers,differentcuisineandtraditionsthatseparatedthem.Althoughtheyhavenotmet___40___,EleanorandLoisarestillintouchviae-mail.LoisnowlivesinSt.John's,whileEleanorlivesinruralManitoba.21.A.admirationB.awarenessC.desireD.influence22.A.experienceB.rememberC.explainD.compare23.A.demandB.needsC.curiosityD.expectation24.A.encouragementB.qualificationC.privilegeD.reaction25.A.honorB.recordC.freedomD.opportunity26.A.photosB.anecdotesC.moviesD.conversations27.A.bytrainB.bybikeC.byplaneD.byboat28.A.talesB.blogsC.novelsD.biographies29.A.AlthoughB.AsC.WhenDSince30.A.districtsB.habitsC.surroundingsD.hobbies31.A.insteadofB.exceptforC.inadditiontoD.aswellas32.A.rarelyB.casuallyC.frequentlyD.temporarily33.A.weeksB.monthsC.yearsD.decades34.A.reconnectedB.recoveredC.retiredD.resigned35.A.amusingB.amazingC.awfulD.abnormal36.A.stampB.giftC.newspaperD.letter37.A.forgotB.missedC.testedD.recalled38.A.appreciatedB.sharedC.readD.heard39.A.beyondB.withinC.despiteD.beneath40.A.inpersonB.onpurposeC.atrandomD.intime第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Afterstudyingagroupofhealthyindividualsformorethan10years,researchersattheUniversityofTexas___41___(discover)thatthosewhoscored___42___(poor)onfivesimplemedicaltestswere20times___43___(likely)todevelopheartdiseasethanthosewithgoodresults.Thetestsarenotallstandard,___44___theresultswillgiveyouamuchbetterandearliersenseofyourheartdiseaseriskthanthetraditional___45___(rely)onbloodpressureandcholesterollevels.Theycanhelpyouchangeyourhabitsas___46___(need)toprotectyourheartforlife.Ifyousmoke,areoverweight,haveafamilyhistoryofheartproblems,orhaveanyotherrisk___47___(factor),askyourdoctoraboutthesetests.Astandard,12-leadelectrocardiogram,alsoknown___48___anEKG,isnon-invasive,painless,andusuallytakesonlyfivetotenminutes.It'sconsideredoneofthebestways___49___(assess)heartdiseaserisk.Yourdoctorwillplace10smallelectrodes___50___measureyourheart'selectricalactivityonyourlimbsandchestandwilldetectanyabnormalrhythmsandotherdangerouscardiovascularconditions.第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(共10小題；每小題l分，滿分10分)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。Withtheenvironmentpollutionbecamemoreandmoreserious,everyoneshouldacttosavetheearth.Toprotectourenvironment,therearemanythingswecandoit.First,itisofgreatimportanttoraisetheawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Addition,wecanbeginfromverylittlethingsinyourdailylife.Forexample,weshouldnotlitterandspitorthegarbageshouldbesorted.Finally,moreandmorepeopleshouldbeinvolvingintheactivity.Weshoulduserecycledbagsinsteadofplasticones.Andridingbicyclesisgoodchoice.Notonlyshouldwegogreen,whatcallsonustouseenvironment-friendlyproducts,butalsoweshouldpersuademorepeoplearoundustodeveloprenewableresource.第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）假如你是高三學(xué)生李華，