2019屆黃浦區(qū)高考英語二模

編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperfromofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.IsHothouseEarthAvoidable?Nearly50yearsago,theClubofRome’sreport“LimitstoGrowth”warnedthatifeconomicgrowthcontinuedfastwithoutregardfortheenvironment,theworldcouldfaceecologicalandeconomiccollapseinthetwenty-firstcentury.Yetthatisessentially(21)________hashappened.AsnewresearchfortheClubofRomeshowsandthelatestreportfromtheUnitedNationsIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)statestheworld(22)________wellbeheadedtowardsdisaster.Manywrongly(23)________(interpret)the“LimitstoGrowth”asanstackonuncontrolledeconomicexpansion.Infact,thereportarguedthat(24)________theunlimited-growthpathwaywaschosen,itwouldrequirecomplementarypolicies(includingfunding)(25)________(preserve)theplanet’slimitedlife-supportsystems.Thisargument(26)________(ignore).Instead,theworldhascontinuedtopursuefastgrowth,withoutregardfortheenvironmentalconsequences.Thishasenabledustomakeenormousprogressinreducingpoverty,increasinglongevity,andincreasingwealth.(27)________ithascomeatahighcosttotheformationofthesocietyandtherestorationoftheplanet.Asscientistshaveconclusivelyshown,inthelastdecade,wehaveenteredanewgeologicalear,theAnthropocene,inwhichhumanactivity–inparticular,economicactivityhasbeenthedominantfactor(28)________(influence)Earth’sclimateandenvironment.IntheAnthropocene,ourplanet’slife-supportsystemischangingfasterthanever.Climatechangenowrepresentsaclearandpresentdanger.Ifourplanetbecomesjust2℃Warnerthanpre-industrialtemperatures,wemaybeplacedirreversiblyonthepathtoward“HothouseEarth”asituation(29)_______temperaturesaremanydegreeswarmerthantoday,sealevelsareconsiderablyhigher,andextremeweathereventsare(30)_______(common)andmoredestructivethanever.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereinonewordmorethanyouneed.A.processedB.increasingC.applicationsD.typingE.interpretingF.reflectedG.injectedH.transformingI.connectionsJ.remarkableK.superhumanTheNextfrontier:UsingThoughttoControlMachinesTechnologiesareoftenbilledastransformative.ForWilliamKochevar,thetermisjustified.Mr.Kochevarisparalysedbelowtheshouldersafteracyclingaccident,yethasmanagedtofeedhimselfbyhisownhand.This31progressispartlythankstoelectrodes,implantedinhisrightarm,whichstimulatemuscles.Buttherealmagiclieshigherup.Mr.Kochevarcancontrolhisarmusingthepowerofthought.Hisintentiontomoveis32inneural（神經(jīng)的）activityinhismotorregion;thesesignalsaredetectedbyimplantsinhisbrainand33intocommandstoactivatetheelectrodesinhisarms.Anabilitytodecodethoughtinthiswaymaysoundlikesciencefiction.Butbrain-computerinterfaces(BCIs)liketheBrainGatesystemusedbyMr.Kochevarprovideevidencethatmind-controlcanwork.Researchersareabletotellwhatwordsandimagespeoplehaveheardandseenfromneuralactivityalone.Informationcanalsobeencodedandusedtostimulatethebrain.Over300,000peoplehavecochlear（耳蝸的）implants,whichhelpthemtohearby34soundintoelectricalsignalsandsendingthemintothebrain.Scientistshave“35“dataintomonkeysheads,instructingthemtoperformactionsviaelectricalpulses.AsourTechnologyQuarterlyinthisissueexplains,thepaceofresearchintoBCIsandthescaleofitsambitionare36.BothAmerica’sarmedforcesandSiliconValleyarestartingtofocusonthebrain.Facebookdreamsofthought-to-text37.Kernel,astartup,has$100mtospendonneuroethology.ElonMuskhasformedafirmcalledNeuralink;hethinksthat,ifhumanityistosurvivethearrivalofartificialintelligence,itneedsanupgrade.Entrepreneursimagineaworldinwhichpeoplecancommunicateusingthoughts,witheachotherandwithmachines,oracquire38abilities,suchashearingatveryhighfrequencies.Thesepowersiftheyevermaterialize,aredecadesaway.Butwellbeforethen,BCIscouldopenthedoortowonderfulnew39.Imaginestimulatingthevisualregiontohelptheblind,makingnewneural40instrokevictimsormonitoringthebrainforsighsofdepression.Byturningthefiringofneuronsintoaresourcetobeused,BCIsmaychangetheideaofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.HowcomfortableareyouaroundwaterAreyouastrongswimmerordoyoustruggletokeepyourheadabovewaterAreyoucomfortableventuringintothedeeperwaterordoyouprefertomoveintoshallowwaterwherethebottomis41Mostpeopleexposethemselvestowaterandswimmingsituationsaccordingtotheir42levelsofskillandcomfort.Thesamemightbetrueasyouassessyourcomfortlevelwithdifferentacademicenvironments43agoodcollege“fit”.Justasyoumightstudyabodyofwatertofigureoutitstemperature,depthandcurrentbeforeventuringin,youneedto44thedifficulties,paceanddepthofanacademicenvironmentandyourabilitytokeepyour“headabovewater”ifadmittedbeforedecidingtoapply.Whenlookingatacademicdifficultiesasa(n)45of“fit”,youarelikelytofindthatyouhavethecapacityto“getthejobdone”academicallyinarangeofcollegeenvironments.46,youarenotlikelytohavedifficultywiththe“water”itself.Youwillfitbest,however,atcollegesanduniversitieswhereyourabilityandpreparationenableyoutorisetonewlevelsof47.Yourgoalshouldbetofindacademicenvironmentswhereyourlevelsofabilityandpreparationwillenableyoutoachievewellasyoustretchyourself48.Theseplacesrepresentappropriate“bodiesofwater”foryouacademically.Thebest49ofcomprehensionregardingyourpreparednesstomeettheacademicrequirementsofvariouscollegesanduniversitiesareyourhighschoolteachers.Becausetheyareveryfamiliarwithyourcapabilities,yourteacherscanoffer50helpinidentifyingthecollegeswhereyouwillfindthebestacademicprogramsforyou.Assumingyouareabletofindappropriateenvironmentsacademically,youthenneedtoassessthe51ofyourschoolreportsforadmissiontothosecolleges.Howdoesyouracademicrecord(gradesandtestscores)pileupagainstthoseofotherstudentswhowillbe52,most(about90%)ofwhomarejustlikeyouinthattheycandotheworktoo?

Youneedtobehonestin53thispartofthepicture,especiallyifyouareconsideringcollegesthatcanbehighlyselectiveandtendtoadmitverysmallpercentagesofthestudentswhoapply.Alotofstudentsgetinovertheirheadscompetitivelywhentheyfailtoconsidertherealoddsofgainingadmission.Whileyoumightfeelyouarea54candidateatschoolsthatcanbeverychoosy,therealityisthatyouneedtobeinthetop25percentofapplicantpoolsatsuchschoolstohaveafightingchanceofbeingadmitted.Bytheway,youdon’t55yourchancesofgettingintoatleastonesuchschoolbyapplyingtoadozenofthem!41.A.toughB.mysteriousC.visibleD.different42.A.explosiveB.respectiveC.potentialD.reasonable43.A.onbehalfofB.intheplaceofC.incaseofD.insearchof44.A.observeB.overcomeC.investigateD.complete45.A.indicationB.implicationC.innovationD.intention46.A.InadditionB.InotherwordsC.BycomparisonD.Bycontrast47.A.continentB.contributionC.influentiallyD.intellectually48.A.consideratelyB.traditionallyC.influentiallyD.intellectually49.A.sourcesB.originsC.concernsD.demands50.A.continuousB.invaluableC.powerlessD.unforgettable51.A.reliabilityB.alternativeC.competitivenessD.recommendation52.A.applyingB.consideringC.comparingD.persisting53.A.appreciatingB.assessingC.presentingD.comprehending54.A.flexibleB.positiveC.feasibleD.progressive55.A.graspB.changeC.createD.increaseSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)In1888anEgyptianfarmerdigginginthesandnearthevillageofIstablAntaruncoveredamassgrave.Thebodiesweren’thuman.Theywerefelineancientcatsthathadbeenmummified（木乃伊化的）andburiedinholesinastonishingnumbers.“Notoneortwohereandthere”,reportedEnglishIllustratedMagazine,“butdozens,hundreds,hundredsofthousands,alayerofthem,alayerthickerthanmostcoaljoints,thentotwentycatsdeep.”Someofthelinen-wrappedcatsstilllookedpresentable,andafewevenhadgoldenfaces.Villagechildrenpeddledthebestonestotouristforchange;therestweresoldasfertilizer.Oneshiptransportedabout180,000,weighingsome38,000pounds,toLiverpooltobespreadonthefieldsofEngland.Thosewerethedaysofgenerouslyfundedexplorations—thatdraggedthroughacresofdesertintheirquestforroyaltombs,andforsplendidgoldandpaintedmaskstodecoratetheestatesandmuseumsofEuropeandAmerica.ThemanythousandsofmummifiedanimalsthatturnedupatreligioussitesthroughoutEgyptwerejustthingstobeclearedawaytogetatthegoodstuff.Fewpeoplestudiedthem,andtheirimportancewasgenerallyunrecognized.Inthecenturysincethen,archaeologyhasbecomelessofatreasurehuntandmoreofascience.Archaeologistsnowrealizethatmuchoftheirsites’wealthliesinthemajorityofdetailsaboutordinaryfolks—whattheydid,whattheythought,howtheyprayed.Andanimalmummiesareabigpartofthat.“They’rereallydisplaysofdailylife,”saysEgyptologistSalimaIkram.Afterpeeringbeneathbandageswithx-raysandcataloguingherfindings,shecreatedagalleryforthecollectionabridgebetweenpeopletodayandthoseoflongago.“Youlookatthesemummifiedanimals,andsuddenlyyousay,Oh,KingSo-and-Sohadapet.Ihaveapet.Andinsteadofbeingatadistanceof5,000-plusyears,theancientEgyptiansbecomeclearerandclosertous.”56.Whichofthefollowingwordshastheclosestmeaningto“peddled”(paragraph1)A.modernizedB.displayedC.illustratedD.demonstrated57.Whywasarchaeologyoncereferredtoasa“treasurehunt”(paragraph3)A.Intheroyaltombs,thereweremanytreasuresmadeofsilverandgold.B.Animalmummiescouldbemadeintofertilizerwhichisveryvaluable.C.Itwashardtofindanimalmummiessincetheywereburiedunderdirt.D.PeoplesoughttheremainsofancientEgyptmerelyfortheirmaterialvalue.58.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutSalimaIkram?A.Shewishestoestablishthecontinuityofpetsoverhistory.B.Shebelievesthatstudyingtheremainscanhelpmodernsocietyrelatetothepast.C.ShewantstoidentifytheKing’spersonalbelongingsandclassifythem.D.ShedoubtsifcurrentsocietywillunderstandthesignificanceofEgyptianremains.59.Thisarticleprobablyencouragesthereadersto_______.A.valuethepastbystudyingtheremainsleftbehindbyourancestorsB.makefulluseoftheremainsourancestorshaveleftbehindC.understandthatanimalmummiesaremoreimportantthangoldandmasksD.becomemoresensitivetotheancientlifestyleofourancestors(B)Stocky,slow-movingwhale,rarelygrowsbeyond15metresinlengthFlippersareathirdofbodylength;variabledorsalfinsizeandshape;saw-toothedtrailingedgeonflukes,oftenraisedwhendivingBumpytuberclesontopofheadBodycolourisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognitionBushyblow,occasionallyV-shaped270-400olivebaleenplatesHumpbackwhalesbelongtotherorqual(groove-throated)family,whichincludesfin,sei,Bryde’s,minkeandbluewhales.Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas.OncecommoninNewZealandwaters,humpbacksarenowrarelyseenandmaymigratefurtheroffshore.Malescompeteformateseitherbyphysicalfightorbysong.Femalesgivebirthtotheiryoungeverytwotothreeyears;somenon-breedingfemalesprobablyremaininthesouthernwatersduringwinter.Younghumpbackwhalesreturntotheirareaofbirthbutinlaterlifesomewanderbetweenbreedingareas.Humpbackseatsmallshrimpsandotherschoolingprey,suchasfish,formingsmall,cooperativegroupsoftwotothreeindividualstofeed.Similarspecies:Easilyidentifiableduetoa‘hump’backwhensubmerging,butatadistancemaybeconfusedwithotherspeciesthatraisetheirflukeswhendiving,suchassperm,rightandbluewhales.Protectionstatus:Recoveringwellfrompastwhalingandnownumerousinsomeformermigrationandaggregationareas,rarelyseeninothers.60.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouthumpbackwhales?A.Theirlongflippersvaryinlength,sizeandshapelikedorsalfin.B.Theyarelargeandlikelytogrowlongerthan15metres.C.Thedifferentcolorsandpatternsofthebodyhelptoberecognized.D.Theirbumpytuberclesandblowholesareonbothsidesofhead.61.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthisarticle’sdescriptionofhumpbackwhales’migration?A.Theyneedwarmerwaterstobreed.B.Theycan’tsurviveinextremecold.C.Theyfindplentifulfoodintropicalwaters.D.TheyaremostlyhuntedinNewZealandwater.62.Thisarticleismainlyintendedto_______.A.explainwhyhumpbacksarestillhuntedinsomepartsoftheworldB.introducehowhumpbacksmigratethroughsomedangerouswatersC.popularizethebasicknowledgeofhumpbacksandcallforprotectionD.helpdistinguishhumpbacksfromothersimilarspecies(C)Rightnow,Iamlookingatashelffullofrelics,acollectionofhas-beens,old-times,antiques,fossils.Rightnow,Iamlookingatashelffullofbooks.Yes,that’stight.Ifyouhavesomesparecash(thegoingrateisabout$89)andyouarelookingtoenhanceyourreadingexperience,thenIhighlysuggestyouconsiderpurchasingane-reader.E-readersarereplacingthebooksofoldandIwelcomethemwithopenarms(asyoushould).Ane-readerisadevicethatallowsyoutoreade-bookisabook-lengthpublicationindigitalform,consistingoftext,imagesorboth,andproducedon,publishedthroughandreadableoncomputersorotherelectronicdevices.Sometimestheequivalentofaconventionalprintedbook,e-bookscanalsobeborndigital.TheoxfordDictionaryofEnglishdefinestheb-bookas“anelectronicversionofaprintedbook”,bute-bookcanandtoexistwithoutanyprintedequivalent.E-readersputprintedbookstoshame.E-readersaresuperiortoprintedbooksbecausetheysavespace,areenvironmentallyfriendlyandprovidehelpfulreadingtipsandtoolsthatprintedbooksdonot.Theaveragee-readercanstorethousandsofdigitalbooks,providingagenuinelibraryatyourfingertips.Whatismore,thee-readeritselfisverysmall.Itiseasytoholdandcanfitinapocketbookorbriefcaseeasily.ThismakeshandlingwoodengiantsuchasWarandPeaceandAnnaKareninaabreeze.Perhapstheonlydrawbacktothespace-savingaspectofane-readeristhatitrequiresyoutofindnewthingstoputonyourshelves.Inaddition,e-readersareenvironmentallyfriendly.Theaveragenovelisabout300pageslong.So,ifanovelisprinted1000times,iswilluse300,000piecesofpaper.That’salotofpaper!Andforthesuperbestsellers,thesefiguresincreasedramatically.Forexample,theHarryPotterbookserieshassoldover450millioncopies.That’sabout2milliontrees!Uponviewingthesefigures,itisnothardtograspthesevereimpactofprintedbooksontheenvironment.Sincee-readersusenotrees,theyrepresentasignificantamountofpreservationintermsoftheenvironmentanditsresources.Finally,e-readersprovidehelpfulreadingtipsandtoolsthatprintedbooksdonot.Thetypicale-readerallowsitsusertoadjustlettersize,letterformandlinespacing.Italsoallowshighlightingandelectronicbookmarking.Furthermore,itgrantsuserstheabilitytogetanoverviewofabookandthenjumptospecificlocationbasedonthatoverview.Whiletheseareallnicefeatures,perhapsthemosthelpfulofallistheabilitytogetdictionarydefinitionsatthetouchofafinger.Oneventhemostbasice-reader,userscanfindinstantdefinitionswithouthavingtohuntthroughaphysicaldictionary.Itcanbeseenthate-readersaresuperiortoprintedbooks.Theysavespace,areenvironmentallyfriendlyandprovidehelpfulreadingtipsandtoolsthatprintedbooksdonot.SowhatgoodareprintedbooksWell,theycertainlymakenicedecorations.63.Asusedinparagraph1,itcanbeinferredthat“has-beens,old-times,antiques,fossils”areallwordsthatdescribesomething_______.A.outdatedB.typicalC.meaningfulD.useless64.Basedoninformationinthepassage,itcanbeinferredthatprintedbooksofWarandPeaceandAnnaKareninaareall_______.A.superioranddramaticB.denseandenvironmentalC.awkwardandheavyD.significantandresistant65.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingreadingtipsandtoolsareofferedbythee-reader?1.linespacingcustomization2.theabilitytoquicklyjumptotheendofabook3.accesstoaprinteddictionaryatthetouchofafingerA.1and2onlyB.1and3onlyC.2and3onlyD.1,2and366.Whichofthefollowingsentencesfromthepassagebestsummarizestheauthor’smainpoint?A.“Ifyouhavesomesparecash(thegoingrateisabout$89)andarelookingtoenhanceyourreadingexperience,thenIhighlysuggestyouconsiderpurchasingane-reader.”B.“E-readerarereplacingthebooksofold,andIwelcomethemwithopenarms(asyoushould).”C.“Ane-readerisadevicethatallowsyoutoreade-books.Ane-bookisabook-lengthpublicationindigitalform,consistingoftext,images,orboth,andproducedon,publishedthrough,andreadableoncomputersorotherelectronicdevices.”D.“E-readersaresuperiortoprintedbooksbecausetheysavespace,areenvironmentallyfriendly,andprovidehelpfulreadingtipsandtoolsthatprintedbooksdonot.”SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage,Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thisphenomenonisoftenmissingfromdevelopmentprojectspromotedasgreenorsustainable.B.Thisphenomenonhasvariouslybeencalledenvironmental,eco-orgreengentrification.C.Greeningandenvironmentalcleanupdonotautomaticallyornecessarilyleadtogentrification.D.Thiscreatespressuretorezoneindustriallandforresidentialtowersorprofitablecommercialspace,inexchangefordeveloper-fundercleanup.E.Butitcandriveuprealestatepricesanddisplacelow-andmiddle–incomeresidents.F.Environmentalgentrificationnaturalizesthedisappearanceofmanufacturingandtheworkingclass.SustainableCitiesNeedMoreThanParks,CafesandaRiverwalkTherearemanystandardsthataimtorankhowgreencitiesare.Butwhatdoesitactuallymeanforacitytobegreenorsustainable?We’vewrittenaboutwhatwecallthe“Parks,cagesandaRiverwalk”modelofsustainability,whichfocusesonprovidingnewgreenspaces,mainlyforhigh-incomepeople.Thisvisionofshinyresidentialtowersandwaterfrontparkshasbecomeawidely-sharedconceptionofwhatgreencitiesshouldlooklike.67Gentrification（住宅高檔化）hasbecomeacatch-alltermusedtodescribeneighborhoodchange,andisoftenmisunderstoodastheonlypathtoneighborhoodimprovement.Infact,itsdefiningfeatureisdisplacement.Typically,peoplewhomoveintothesechangingneighborhoodsarewealthierandmoreeducatedthanresidentswhoaredisplaced.Arecentfloodofnewresearchhasfocusedonthedisplacementeffectsofenvironmentalcleanupandgreenspaceinitiatives.68Landfornewdevelopmentandresourcestofundextensivecleanupofpoisonoussitesarescarceinmanycities,69Andinneighborhoodswheregentrificationhasalreadybegun,anewparkorfarmersmarketcanworsentheproblembymakingtheareaevenmoreattractivetopotentialhigh-incomepeopleandpricingoutlong-termresidents.Insomecases,developersevencreatetemporarycommunitygardensorfarmersmarketsorpromisemoregreenspacethantheyeventuallydeliver,inordertomarketaneighborhoodtobuyerslookingforgreenpleasantness.70Itmakesdeindustrializationseembothinevitableanddesirable,oftenbyquiteliterallyreplacingindustrywithmorenatural-lookinglandscapes.Whentheseneighborhoodsarefinallycleanedup,afteryearsofactivismbylongtimeresidents,thoseadvocatesoftenareunabletostayandenjoythebenefitsoftheirefforts.Ⅳ.SummaryWriting71.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepass