專項(xiàng)練習(xí)之現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)

..[本講教育信息]一.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：寒假復(fù)習(xí)專題現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)二.教學(xué)過程：◎現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞have〔has＋過去分詞"構(gòu)成,它可以表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與一些時(shí)間狀語,如:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice等連用,也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語,如thesedays,today,thisyear,sofar等連用。如：I’vejusthadmylunch.我剛剛吃過午飯?！灿绊懯牵含F(xiàn)在我不餓了。Shehasalreadypostedthephotos.她已經(jīng)寄走了相片?！步Y(jié)果是：這些相片已不在她這里了。1.I’msorryyouthewonderfulfootballgame.Itwasjustover.〔XX市A.havelostB.havemissedC.aremissingD.willlose2.—Youseemtoknowmuchaboutthecity.—That’strue.Iitthreetimes.〔XX市A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.havevisitedD.willvisit3.—WouldyouliketovisitShantouCitywithmethissummervacation?—No,thanks.Iitbefore.Besides,it’shotandhumidthereinsummer.〔XX省XX市A.havevisitedB.visitedC.willvisit4.ItissaidtheChery〔奇瑞anewkindofcarrecently.〔XX省XX市A.hasdevelopedB.developedC.developsD.haddeveloped現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還可以表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還將繼續(xù)下去?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,即for＋時(shí)間段,since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句,inthelasttenyears等,在這種用法中,表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：I’veknownLiLeiforthreeyears.我認(rèn)識(shí)李磊已經(jīng)有三年了。Hehasbeenatthisschoolforovertwoyears.他在這個(gè)學(xué)校已經(jīng)有兩年多了。Theyhavelivedheresince2002.自從20XX以來,他們就住在這里。Howlonghaveyouworkedinthislibrary?你在這個(gè)圖書館里工作有多久了？HehastaughtussinceIcametothisschool.自從我來到這所學(xué)校,他一直在教我們。HeamillionyuantoWenchuansincetheearthquake.〔XX市A.hasgivenawayB.gaveawayC.havegivenawayD.givesaway◎特征詞⑴already〔肯定句yet〔否定句和疑問句never,ever〔疑問句just〔謂語動(dòng)詞之前before〔句末—Hasn’tBettycomeyet?—No,andIforherfornearly2hours.〔XX市A.waitB.waitedC.havewaitedD.hadwaited⑵inthepast/lastfewyears〔過去幾年來sofar＝uptonow／tillnow／bynowthesedayssince/eversince＋過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)for＋時(shí)間段注意：①since＋一段時(shí)間＋ago＝for＋時(shí)間段;sincetwoweeksago＝fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.＝Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.②since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)＝for＋時(shí)間段since2000＝for8years③since＋從句〔常用一般過去時(shí)TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis.④havegot,hasgot雖然是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但havegot＝have;hasgot＝hasIhaveanewbike.＝Ihavegotanewbike.◎英語的動(dòng)詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續(xù)性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動(dòng)詞〔也可稱為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等,表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成,不能再延續(xù),所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用,既不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語,for＋時(shí)間段,since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句連用,也不能用在以howlong引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中。I’veleftShanghaiforthreedays.〔×I’vebeenawayfromShanghaiforthreedays.〔√.IleftShanghaithreedaysago.〔√終止性動(dòng)詞要表示持續(xù)時(shí),可用以下方法：⑴將時(shí)間狀語改為時(shí)間段＋ago,句中謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。eg.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.我弟弟參軍兩年了。⑵若保留for＋時(shí)間段,since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句,或用在howlong句型中,則需將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞〔或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下：open---beopendie---bedeadclose---beclosedbecome---beborrow---keepbegin/start---beonputon---wearleave---beaway〔frombuy---havesleep/fallasleep---beasleepend/finish---beovercatchacold---haveacoldcomeback—bebackgetup---beupcome/go/arrive/get/reach/move---bein/atjointhearmy---beinthearmy/beasoldierjointheParty---beintheParty/beaPartymember→Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.→Mybrotherhasbeenasoldierfortwoyears.1.—Badluck!It’stoolate!—Itdoesn’tmatter.Themovieforonlyafewminutes.Youcan’tmissit.〔濰坊市A.hasbegunB.hasbeenonC.beganD.wason2.—Youhavemydictionaryfortwoweeks.—Sorry,I’llgiveitbacktoyourightnow.〔XX省XX市A.lentB.borrowedC.kept◎現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中beento,goneto和beenin/at〔1beento去過某地,表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等連用。eg.ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice.〔表示目前人在這里〔2goneto去某地了,說話時(shí)某人已離開此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地。eg.ShehasgonetoShanghai.〔表示現(xiàn)在她人不在這里〔3beenin/at逗留在某地〔已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間.常和fortendays,sinceIcamehere等連用。eg.ShehasbeeninShanghaisinceshemovedthere.—IsMr.Blackathome?—Sorry,heisn’tin.HetoDalianforvacation.〔XX省十二市A.hasgoneB.wentC.isgoingD.goes◎現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。而一般過去時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。如：Ihavereadthebook.我看過這本書?！参伊私膺@本書的內(nèi)容Ireadthebooklastweek.我上星期看了這本書?！仓徽f明上星期"我"看了這本書,不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況Hehaslivedheresince2002.20XX以來他一直住在這里?！菜F(xiàn)在還住在這里Helivedherein2002.20XX他住在這里?！膊簧婕八F(xiàn)在是否還住在這里—China’s24thscienceresearchteamatChangchengStationonJanuary5,2008.—Wonderful!Ourscientistsalotinthisfieldalready.〔XX市A.havearrived;improvedB.arrived;hasimprovedC.arrived;haveimproved下面就給大家提供10句日常生活中極其常用的話,這10個(gè)句子都包括了一條最重要的語法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。練熟這10個(gè)句子,語法也跟著運(yùn)用自如！1.Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.Howhaveyoubeen?我很久沒見到你了。你好嗎？2.Ihavealreadytoldyouthreetimes!我已經(jīng)跟你說了三次了！3.I’vejustheardthatyou’remarried.我剛聽說你結(jié)婚了。4.She’sgonetowork.She’llbebackaroundfive.她去上班了。她大概五點(diǎn)左右回來。5.I’veneverbeentoHongKong.我從來沒去過香港。6.Ihaven’tbeenabroadsofar.我至今還沒有出過國。7.ThisisthebestbookI’veeverread.這是我讀過的最好的書。8.HaveyouevertriedThaifood?你吃過泰國菜嗎？9.Haveyoudecidedonyourmajoryet?你決定讀什么專業(yè)了嗎？10.HowlonghaveyoubeenhereinChina?你在中國多久了？◎過去完成時(shí)概念：表示過去的過去過去完成時(shí)：即過去的過去所發(fā)生的事情！其構(gòu)成是：主語＋had＋過去分詞。用法：①表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,常與由by,before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。Wehadlearned5000wordsbytheendoflastmonth.到上個(gè)月底為止我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了五千個(gè)單詞。Ihadfinishedthecompositionbeforesupper.晚飯前我就已經(jīng)把作文寫完了。②表示過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,常與由when,before等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。WhenIwokeupithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒來的時(shí)候雨就已經(jīng)停了。Ihadn’tlearnedanyEnglishbeforeIcamehere.我來這兒之前沒學(xué)過英語。③用于賓語從句或間接引語中Iwonderedwhohadtakentheumbrellawithoutpermission.我想知道誰不經(jīng)允許就把雨傘拿去。Hetoldmethathehadpassedtheexam.他告訴我他已通過考試。[模擬試題]〔答題時(shí)間：50分鐘I.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Sofarwe_________〔learntenthousandEnglishwords.2.—_______Tom________〔returnthelibrarybook？—Yes,hehas.—When________he________〔returnit？—Halfanhourago.3.—_______youever_______〔readthebook？—No,I_______〔readittomorrow.4.Pleasedon’tgoouttoplayfootball.You________〔notfinishyourhomeworkyet.5._______theyreally________〔beinBeijingforayear？6.—________you________〔borrowthisbookbefore？—Yes,I________〔borrowitlastweek.7.—I______just_______〔findmyEnglishbook.—Where_______you________〔findit？II.單項(xiàng)選擇1.LiHonghas________thearmyfor2years.A.joinedB.joinedtoC.beeninD.joinedin2.Wehavebeenfriendssince______.A.childrenB.fiveyearsC.fiveyearsagoD.fiveyearsbefore3.Mike_______thestoryforamonth.A.hasboughtB.hashadC.hadhadD.hasborrowed4.You______thatquestionthreetimes.A.alreadyaskedB.havealreadyaskedC.alreadyhaveaskedD.askedalready5.ThoseforeignfriendsleftGuangzhou________.A.sincelastweekB.aweekagoC.foraweekD.sinceaweekago6.I_____atthisschoolfortwoyearsalready.A.amstudyingB.studyC.studiedD.havestudied7.They_______inthecitysincelastsummer.A.liveB.didn’tliveC.havelivedD.lived8.Mrs.WanghaslivedinHaikou_______1992.A.sinceB.fromC.afterD.in9.Mr.Black_______Chinasincethesummerof1998.A.hasbeentoB.hasbeeninC.hascometoD.cameto10.YouhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall,_______you?A.doB.don’tC.haveD.haven’t11.Hisfather_______foryears.A.hasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.diedD.dies12.Mary_______toseethefilmsbecauseshe_______ittwice.A.won’tgo,sawB.won’tgo,willseeC.won’tgo,hasseenD.didn’tgo,sees13.Hurryup!Theplay_______fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began14.______you______England?Yes,it_____abeautifulcountry.A.Will,goneto,wasB.Have,beento,isC.Had,beento,isD.Have,goneto,is15.—______you______tothecapital?—No,I______.I_____thereearlynextmonth.A.Have,been,haven’t,amgoingB.Had,been,hadn’t,amgoingC.Have,gone,haven’t,wasgoingD.Did,go,didn’t,wasgoing16.—Yoursister______toLondontostudyEnglish.Isthattrue?—Yes,she___therefortwomonths.A.hasbeen,hasbeenB.willgo,hasgoneC.gone,willbeD.hasgone,hasbeen17.—Youhaven’treadthebookbefore,haveyou?—_______.A.Yes,Ihaven’t.B.No,Ihave.C.Yes,Ido.D.No,Ihaven’t.18.—WhereisLiLei?—He___Shanghai.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.wenttoD.goesto19.HowlongmayI_____thebook?A.keepB.borrowC.lendD.give20.MrBrownhas_____heresincelastautumn.A.cameB.workedC.arrivedD.left21.ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying22.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew23.Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin24.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade25.—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived26.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen27.—_____hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChina？—Sincehe____toChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived28.Hisuncle_______formorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity29.—_______haveyoubeenhereinBeijing？—Sincelastmonth.A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowfarD.Howlong30.TheBrownshave_______inChinaforaboutfiveyears.A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.beenIII.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.HehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.〔對(duì)劃線部分提問_______learnedEnglish?2.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.〔用just改寫Ijust_anewbike.3.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.〔改為同義句We______________English______three