工程碩士英文入學(xué)考試完形與閱讀

能夠運(yùn)用英語語言知識(shí),在語篇的水平上理解一篇150～200詞的題材熟悉、難度適中的一般性短文，并完成短文中的選擇填空。完形填空題單詞及詞組詞的搭配基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)語法規(guī)則上下文邏輯關(guān)系完型填空詞匯及搭配知識(shí)語法及句法知識(shí)---語篇知識(shí)在語篇水平上對(duì)英語的理解及應(yīng)用能力,這不僅需要詞匯知識(shí)、語法知識(shí)，還需要對(duì)文章上下文邏輯關(guān)系有清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。完形填空所進(jìn)行的“閱讀理解”是對(duì)短文的情節(jié)、內(nèi)容進(jìn)行理解，結(jié)合上下文，對(duì)選擇項(xiàng)進(jìn)行正確判斷，使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整。詞匯知識(shí)1.名詞的可數(shù)不可數(shù)，加不加s，前面用什么限定形式2.形容詞、副詞用什么級(jí)3.代詞的性、數(shù)和格是否對(duì)應(yīng)4.動(dòng)詞用及物還是不及物5.動(dòng)詞用謂語形式還是非謂語形式，前者用什么時(shí)、體、語態(tài)、語氣；后者用什么體、語態(tài)6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用哪種情態(tài)意義7.連詞用連接副詞還是介詞8.介詞由后面的名詞（介詞賓語）決定還是受前面的詞（動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞）的支配9.詞形相近，拼寫哪個(gè)正確，各為什么詞性，如為動(dòng)詞，哪個(gè)及物哪個(gè)不及物10.詞的意義，根據(jù)上下文需用什么意義的詞11.詞義相近，有何差異（有搭配和上下文決定取舍）句法結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)1.空檔所缺應(yīng)是什么句子成分2.主語和謂語動(dòng)詞是什么，主謂是否一致3.空檔所在句是什么句型（陳述、否定、疑問、祈使）4.空檔所在句是否涉及什么特殊句型（存在、強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略、倒裝）5.句子是否需要或已經(jīng)用了倒裝6.句子是否完整，動(dòng)詞缺不缺補(bǔ)足成分7.句中包含什么類型的從句，從句完整不完整8.兩個(gè)分句在意義上是什么關(guān)系（并列分句或主從句），該用什么意義上的連接詞搭配知識(shí)1.習(xí)語、慣用法的固定搭配2.關(guān)聯(lián)詞，句中有沒有與空缺相呼應(yīng)的關(guān)聯(lián)部分3.動(dòng)詞需什么類型的主語4.動(dòng)詞需什么類型的狀語修飾語5.動(dòng)詞允許有哪些動(dòng)詞搭配模式，后接什么類型的賓語（從句、雙賓語、復(fù)合賓語等），賓語用不定式還是動(dòng)名詞6.動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞需什么介詞與之搭配7.形容詞允許用什么形容詞搭配模式，后接從句、不定式還是介詞短語8.動(dòng)詞與賓語名詞的搭配用法9.名詞需什么類型的修飾語語篇知識(shí)表示轉(zhuǎn)折：but,yet,however,ontheotherhand,nevertheless,…表示并列：and,or,for,neither,nor…表示遞進(jìn)：also,moreover,furthermore,besides,inaddition,…表示讓步：although,though,as,despite,inspiteof,forall…

表示列舉：first(ly),firstofall,tostart/beginwith,second(ly),third(ly),then,next,last,finally,foronething…foranotherthing…表示舉例：forexample,forinstance,take…forexample,suchas表示解釋：namely,inotherwords,infact,rather,actually表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：indeed,certainly,aboveall表示比較：similarly,likewise,like,incomparison(with)表示對(duì)比：in/bycontrast(to),unlike,onthecontrary,contraryto,inoppositionto表示原因：because,since,nowthat,as…表示結(jié)果：so,therefore,thus,hence,consequently,asaresult,inconsequence,accordingly表示總結(jié)：inconclusion,tosumup,inshort,inbrief,inaword,onthewhole,finally,ultimately表示時(shí)間：atthesametime,inthemeantime,meanwhile,while…閱讀理解能夠綜合運(yùn)用英語語言知識(shí)和基本閱讀技能，讀懂難度適中的一般性題材和體裁的文章。能夠基本上掌握文章大意并能領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的意圖和態(tài)度。閱讀理解題歸納概括題(主旨題)正誤判斷題推理結(jié)論題暗示推測(cè)題語氣態(tài)度題客觀試題細(xì)節(jié)論據(jù)題詞匯釋義題主觀試題基本語言知識(shí)1.詞匯知識(shí)--核心,構(gòu)成文章的基礎(chǔ)2.語法知識(shí)--組詞造句的手段,構(gòu)成文章的必要條件3.文體知識(shí)--連句成章的手段,使文章豐富多彩1.能夠掌握文章的中心思想、主要內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)；2.理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,能根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義;3.能根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行一定的判斷和推論;4.能對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的態(tài)度等作出分析和判斷基本閱讀技能主旨大意題具體提問方式通常為：1.Whatisthemainidea/thesubjectofthepassage?2.Thekeypoint/Themainideaofthepassage/Thebestsummaryis_____.3.Thepassagemainlydealswith(ismainlyabout)_______.4.Whichofthefollowingbestreflectsthemainideaofthearticle?5.Themainpointtheauthormakesinthepassageis______.6.Thebestsuitabletitleforthepassagewouldmightbe______.7.Withwhattopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?8.Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageis_______.要把握文章的中心，首先必須抓住每一段落的中心，然后就可歸納出文章的中心思想。而各個(gè)段落的要點(diǎn)一般是由主題句體現(xiàn)的。

事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題–問句式

Whatdoes(did)somebody(something)do?Whatdopeopleliketodofor…?Whateffectdidsomethinghaveon…?Whatis(was)thepurposeof…?Whyis(was)ifnecessaryforsomebody(not)todosomething?Whyis(was)somebodybecoming…?Whereshouldsomebodydosomething?Whereis(was)…located?Howmany(days,months,years,hours,minutes,etc.)does(did)somebodydosomething?How/whendidsomethinghappen?Whichofthefollowingpeopleshould(not)doit?Whichofthefollowingdidsomebodyhavetodealwith?事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題–不完整的陳述句式Somebodyhas(had)beenknowntodosomethingonlywhenhe(she)is(was)….Accordingtothepassage,somebodydoes(did)something(inorder)to…Thevalueofsomethingamountsto…Acertainkindofpersonissomeonewho…Peoplearelookingforbetterwaysto…Fromtheirexperience,theyconcludedthat…Whendoingsomething,itisimportantto…Apparentlyhe(she)felt(thought)that…When“it”happened,hewasdoing…Thereasonwhyhediditwas…Accordingtotheauthor,“it”wascausedby…事實(shí)和細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)題––排排除式Inthepassage,theauthorreferstosomethingorsomebodyasallofthefollowingexcept..WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?WhichofthefollowingisNOTstatedin……?WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedas……?WhichofthefollowingisNOTnecessaryfor…?FromthereportyoucanNOTgettheinformationof……WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthedisplay?WhichofthefollowingcouldNOTbeaconsumerasdescribedinthepassage?TheauthordoesNOTtellus……判斷推理理題有關(guān)判斷斷推理題題常見的的題型有有：Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat…Thewriterimpliesthat……Theauthorapparentlysuggeststhat……Whichofthefollowingcan’tbeinferredfromthepassage?Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat……Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelystate……Wherewouldthisparagraphmostprobablyappear?Thepurposeofthispassageis……推理題1.對(duì)對(duì)文章中中某些細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)的推推斷;2.針對(duì)對(duì)主題思思想，作作者的意意圖的推推斷3.針對(duì)對(duì)作者思思路的推推斷；4.針對(duì)對(duì)作者的的態(tài)度、、語氣、、觀點(diǎn)的的推斷1.Thestudentlookedathisreturnedexam.Hetoreitupandthrewitinthewastebasket.Q:Whatinferencecanwemakefromthissentence?2.Thechildtookatoyofftheshelfinthestore.Hermotherspoketoherandshebegantocry.Q:Whatdoyouthinkhermothersaidtoher?Whydidthechildcry?3.Thestudenttookabookfromtheshelfinthelibrary.Thenheputitback.Q:Didthestudentgetthebookhewaslookingfor?4.LetmesayimmediatelythatifIthoughtmoreguncontrollawswouldhelpdiminishthetragicincidenceofrobberies,muggings,rapesandmurdersintheUnitedStates,Iwouldbethefirsttovoteforthem.Q:Whatdidtheauthorthinkoftheguncontrollaws?5.Whilethestrikewason,thestudentshadtocleantheirowndormitories.Q:Didthestudentscleantheirowndormitoriesasarule?Whoheldthestrike?Inthelivingroom,thegrandmothersatinherusualchair.Shelookeddownatherlapwhileonehandabsentlystrokedtheother.Themotherpressedthedrip-drymen’’sshirts,oneaftertheother,andhungthemonhangerswithmorethantheusualthumpofherironandclankingofthehangers.Everyfewminutessheglancedatthewallclock,withaworriedtwitchofhereyebrows.Davey,theten-year-old,ranintotheroomandturnedonthetelevision.Butthemotherpushedpasthim,snappeditoff,andgrittedbetweenherteeth,“Youcan’thavethatboobtubeontonight!”heopenedhismouthinsurprise,thenturnedandranout,slammingthedoor.Onceagain,theironthumped,theshirthangersclanked.Tothetwowomen,thehandsoftheclockseemedtobeparalyzed.1.Whataresomeofthestateddetails?2.Whatfeelingoremotionisimpliedbytheseblack-typephrasesandwordsinthepassage?3.Whataresomeofthesimpleunstatedfacts?4.Whatdeeperinferencecanwemakeaboutthissituation?推理時(shí)必必須：1.理理解文章章的字面面意義；；2.注注意作者者遣詞造造句的特特點(diǎn)，弄弄清詞的的含蓄意意義；3.提提醒自己己作者想想讓我們們推斷什什么；4.利利用文章章中明確確表示的的內(nèi)容，，進(jìn)行推推理，挖挖掘作者者在文章章中的隱隱含意義義。必須記住住：在推理理時(shí)，要要忠于原原文，要要在文章章中尋找找并確定定可供推推理的依依據(jù)，即即已知知的部分分----推推理的前前提，從從中推測(cè)測(cè)出未知知的部分分----推推理的結(jié)結(jié)果，切切忌把自自己的觀觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)作作作者的的觀點(diǎn)。。作者在寫寫一篇文文章時(shí)，，經(jīng)常持持有某種種態(tài)度或或傾向。。在表露露自己感感情態(tài)度度時(shí)，作作者往往往非常注注意表達(dá)達(dá)思想的的不同方方法。作作者的語語氣和態(tài)態(tài)度往往往不是直直接在文文章中寫寫出來，，而是通通過對(duì)詞詞匯的選選擇或其其他修辭辭手段(如：嘲嘲諷、諷諷刺等)體現(xiàn)出出來。運(yùn)運(yùn)用不同同含義或或具有不不同感情情色彩的的詞匯，，可以表表明作者者對(duì)某些些具體事事物或問問題的不不同態(tài)度度。因此此要特別別注意琢琢磨文中中所使用用詞匯的的特點(diǎn)，，可以通通過對(duì)作作者使用用詞匯(特別是是動(dòng)詞、、形容詞詞和副詞詞)的分分析，推推斷作者者的思想想傾向和和感情，，弄清作作者的態(tài)態(tài)度是贊贊成，還還是反對(duì)對(duì)；是肯肯定還是是否定；；是中立立、冷淡淡還是同同情、厭厭惡等，，從而把把握作者者的論述述基調(diào)。。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度度題通常有以以下幾種種方式：：1.Accordingtotheauthor,_________.2.Intheauthor’sopinion,________.3.Theauthorthinks(believes,suggests,deems)that_______.4.Theauthorgivesimpressionthat_________.5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabout_______.6.Whatistheauthor’sopinion(idea)about_______?7.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthoragree(disagree)with?8.Theauthor’’sattitudetowards…mightbesummarizedanoneof________.9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas(is)_________.10.Whatisthetone(mood)ofthepassage?11.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudetowards_____?篇章結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)題考查運(yùn)用用語感、、