人教版英語八年級下冊Unit 2教育機構(gòu)講義

人教版英語八年級下冊Unit2教育機構(gòu)講義人教版英語八年級下冊Unit2教育機構(gòu)講義人教版英語八年級下冊Unit2教育機構(gòu)講義xxx公司人教版英語八年級下冊Unit2教育機構(gòu)講義文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度人教版英語八年級下冊Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks知識點總結(jié)及單元測試卷（附答案）【教材內(nèi)容解析】SectionAYoucouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.(P.9)(1)=1\*GB3①helpsb.withsth.幫助某人某事Canyouhelpmewithmyhomework?=2\*GB3②helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事Heoftenhelpshismothercleandohousework.cleanup意為“打掃干凈”Nancy,pleasecleanupyourroom.Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup.(P.9)cheerup意為“使開心”，代詞用作賓語時，要當(dāng)在cheer和up之間。Cheerup!EverythingwillbeOK.Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.(P.9)giveout意為“分發(fā)、散發(fā)”，相當(dāng)于handout。Herearesometoys.Pleasegivethemouttothechildren.Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogramtoteachkids.(P.9)volunteer用作動詞，表示“義務(wù)做、自愿做”，后接不定式作賓語，volunteertodosth.“志愿做某事”。Tomvolunteeredtohelpus.Let’smakesomenotices,too.(P.10)also,too,aswell與either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。also放在句中行為動詞前，be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞之后。Healsowantstogo.too用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗號隔開。Hewantstogo,either.aswell用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗號隔開。Hewantstogoaswell.either用于否定句句末。Hedoesn’twanttogoeitherWeneedtocomeupwithaplanfortheCityparkClean-UpDay.(P.10)comeupwith表示“相出、提出（主意或者想法）”。Maybeshecancomeupwithagoodidea.Oh,whatdidtheyaskyoutohelpoutwith

(P.10)

helpout意為“幫忙分擔(dān)、幫……一把”。BillhelpedmeoutwhenIwasintrouble.Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.(P.10)辨析：be/getusedtodoingsth.,usedtodosth.與beusedtodosth.be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事HisfatherisusedtowatchingTVbeforegoingtobed.usedtodosth.過去經(jīng)常做某事Theboyusedtoplaycomputergames.beusedtodosth.被用來做某事Moreandmorewoodisusedtomakepaper.Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely.(P.10)lonely作形容詞表示“孤獨的、荒涼的、偏僻的”；alone既可以作形容詞也可以作副詞，作形容詞時只能作表語，不能作定語。Hefeelslonelyathomehimself.Itisalonelymountain.Hisgrandfatherwasalone.MrSmithlivesalone.Weshouldlistentothemandcareforthem.(P.10)carefor意為“照顧、照料”，后接名詞或者代詞作賓語，相當(dāng)于lookafter或者takecareof。Shecaresforherlittlebrotherafterschool.11.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners’faces.(P.11)such用作形容詞，表示“這樣、如此”，用來修飾名詞，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。It’ssuchaniceday.Ihopetohavesuchdeliciousfoodeveryday.Shecouldreadbyherselfattheageoffour.(P.11)attheageof表示“在……歲時”，表示年齡。Hestartedschoolattheageofsix.Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.(P.11)tryoutfor意為“參加……選拔、爭取成為……”。Manyboystriedoutforthefootballteam.IcandowhatIlovetodoandhelpothersatthesametime.(P.12)atthesametime意為“同時”。YoucannotdoyourhomeworkandwatchTVatthesametime.Ourclassistryingto...(P.12)=1\*GB3①trytodosth.“盡力做某事”Thedoctortriestosavethesickgirl.=2\*GB3②trydoingsth.“嘗試做某事”Theboytriedplayingthepiano.SectionBItakeaftermymother.(P.13)takeafter意為“長得像”。Marytakesafterherfather.Ifixeditup.(P.13)fixup意為“修理”，代詞作賓語時，放在fix和up中間。Mycomputerdoesn’twork.Canyoufixitupforme?

Igaveitaway.(P.13)giveaway意為“捐贈、贈送”，還可以表示“泄露（秘密）”。Mysistergaveawayhertoystothepoorchildren.Don’tgiveawaythesecret.I’msimilartoher.(P.13)besimilarto意為“與……相似”，besimilarin“在……方面類似”。Herideasaresimilartomine.Thetwinsaresimilarinappearances.Ididn’tkeepit.(P.13)=1\*GB3①keepsth.保留某物Youcankeepthebookuntilthenextweekend.=2\*GB3②keepdoingsth.一直做某事Thethiefstillkeptstealingthingsafterhewentoutoftheprison.=3\*GB3③keep+adj.保持……Thegirleatsalittletokeepslim.=4\*GB3④keepsb./sth.+adj./介詞短語保持某人/某物……Weshouldkeepthewindowopenwhileweareasleep.Mymotherkeepsthevegetablesinthefridge.=5\*GB3⑤keepsb.doingsth.保持某人做某事Themotherkeptthebabycryingonthebed.WhowrotethelettertoMissLi

(P.14)writealettertosb.=writesb.aletter=writetosb.“給某人寫信”Heiswriting(aletter)tohisparents.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.(P.14)有些動詞后面接復(fù)合賓語時，常用it作形式賓語，而真正的賓語則由動詞不定式來擔(dān)當(dāng)，并位于賓語補足語之后。常見的這樣的動詞有find，think，feel，make等。IfinditinterestingtoplaycomputergamesWeallthinkitverydifficulttofinishtheworkinanhour.Luckymakesabigdifferencetomylife.(P.14)makeadifferenceto意為“對……有影響、對……起作用”，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語。Changingschoolsmadeadifferencetomylife.Therainmadenodifferencetothegame.Orimagineyoucan’twalkoruseyourhandseasily.(P.14)imagine表示“想象”時，后常接動名詞或者從句作賓語。Heoftenimagineshavingabighouse.Youcan’timaginehowfasttheplayerran.Ican’tusemyarmsorlegswell,sonormalthingslikeansweringthetelephone,openingandclosingdoors,orcarryingthingsaredifficultforme.(P.14)bring表示“帶來”，強調(diào)從別的地方帶到說話的地方，常與副詞here連用；take表示“帶走”，強調(diào)從說話的地方帶去別的地方，常與副詞there連用；carry表示“搬、抬”，沒有方向性。Thestudentsbroughttheirhomeworktoschoolinthemorningandtakethemhomeafterschool.ShetalkedtoAnimalHelpersaboutgettingmeaspecialtraineddog.(P.14)train用作及物動詞，表示“訓(xùn)練、培訓(xùn)”，trainsb./sth.todosth.“訓(xùn)練某人/某物做某事”。Theytrainthedogstokeepthedoor.AftersixmonthsoftrainingwithadogatAnimalHelpers,Iwasabletobringhimhome.(P.14)beableto意為“能，會”，表示能力，與can同義。Inthefuture,studentswillbeabletostudyathomewiththehelpofcomputers.【拓展】辨析：beableto與canbeableto強調(diào)通過努力而獲得的能力，而can強調(diào)自身已具有的能力。ShecansingthesonginEnglish.HewillbeabletosingthissonginEnglish,too.【重點短語和句型歸納】重點短語1.Clean-UpDay清潔日2.anoldpeople’shome養(yǎng)老院3.helpoutwithsth.幫助解決困難4.usedto曾經(jīng)……；過去……5.carefor關(guān)心；照顧6.thelookofjoy快樂的表情7.attheageof在……歲時8.cleanup打掃(或清除)干凈9.cheerup(使)變得更高興；振奮起來10.giveout分發(fā)；散發(fā)11.comeupwith想出；提出12.makeaplan制訂計劃13.makesomenotices做些公告牌14.tryout試用；試行15.workfor為……工作；為……效力16.putup建造；舉起；張貼17.handout分發(fā)；散發(fā)；發(fā)給18.callup打電話；召集19.putoff推遲；延遲20.forexample比如；例如21.raisemoney籌錢；募捐22.takeafter與……相像；像23.giveaway贈送；捐贈24.fixup修理；修補；解決25.besimilarto與……相似26.setup建立；設(shè)立27.disabledpeople殘疾人28.makeadifference影響；有作用29.beableto能夠30.after-schoolreadingprogram課外閱讀項目重點句型1.制訂計劃做某事makeplanstodosth. 2.要求某人(不要)做某事asksb.(not)todosth.3.過去常常做某事usedtodosth. 4.決定做某事decidetodosth.5.有……感覺getafeelingof… 6.對……產(chǎn)生影響makeadifferenceto7.自愿花時間某事volunteerone’stimetodosth. 8.放棄時間去做某事giveup+時間+todosth.9使得做某事對某人來說是可能的makeitpossibleforsb.todosth.【語法講解】動詞不定式A.作主語——為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語，而真正的主語動詞不定式后置。常用句型：It+be+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth./Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.B.作賓語——動詞want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare?常接動詞不定式作賓語。C.作（后置）定語——常用于“have/has＋sth.＋todo”或“enough＋名＋todo”“It’stimetodosth.”等結(jié)構(gòu)中。D.作賓語補足語——tell,ask,want,invite,teach,like,call等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，構(gòu)成tell/ask/want/call/invitesb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。【注意】動詞不定式作使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補足語時應(yīng)省去to：“一感(feel)，二聽(listento,hear)，三讓(let,make,have,，四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)，半幫助(help)”。E.動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強調(diào)目的，有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加inorder(to)或soas(to)“為了，目的是”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有too+adj./adv.+todosth.等。F.固定句式中動詞不定式的用法常見的形式有：hadbetter(not)dosth./Wouldyouliketodosth./Whynotdosth./Wouldyouplease(not)dosth.等?！締卧獪y試卷】單項選擇(每小題1分，共15分)從A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇可以填入空白處的最佳答案。(

)21.Changingschoolsmadeabigdifference______hislife.A.on

B.at

C.to

D.for(

)22.Mary’sunclemade______possibleforhertotravelaroundtheworld.A.it

B.that

C.this

D.one(

)23.Thegirlis______,sosheneedsaguidedogtohelpher.A.sick

B.blind

C.tired

D.sad(

)24.MyfriendTomvolunteered______inthecountrysidetwoyearsago.A.towork

B.work

C.working

D.works(

)25.—Excuseme,I______findmyhotel.—Youcouldaskthepoliceman.A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t(

)26.Sheusedto______abiketoschool,butnowsheisusedto______toschool.A.ride;walk

B.riding;walking

C.riding;walk

D.ride;walking(

)27.Heisvery______,sohecancarrytheheavybox.A.clever

B.strong

C.quiet

D.excited(

)28.—Whoisthe______ofthehouse?—Mr.Black.Heboughtitlastyear.A.passenger

B.guest

C.visitor

D.owner(

)29.______vacationsbytheseaisDale’sdream.A.Spend

B.Spending

C.Spends

D.Spent(

)30.Theyoftenhelp______sickchildreninthechildren’shospital.A.cheerup

B.cleanup

C.setup

D.makeup(

)31.Mycousinhasdifficulty______Englishnewspapers.A.read

B.reads

C.reading

D.toread(

)32.Mycomputerdoesn’twork.Couldyouhelp______it?A.repair

B.buy

C.raise

D.open(

)33.Hownicethesepicturesare!Please_______onthewall.A.putitup

B.putupit

C.putupthem

D.putthemup(

)34.Icanhelpmymotherdosomethingslike______therooms.A.cleans

B.cleaning

C.clean

D.toclean(

)35.—Weshouldn’treadinthesun.—______.It’sbadforoureyes.A.Sorrytohearthat

B.ThatsoundsgreatC.You’reright

D.Idon’tthinksoⅥ.完形填空(每小題1分，共10分)先通讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。易讀度★★☆☆☆A(yù)fewmonthsago,Ilearnedthatthecityfoodbankneededsomevolunteers.Iusedtobethe

36

inmygroupoffriends.So,Isentlettersto10friends.I’dliketo

37

agroupthatwouldvolunteertomakeandservedinnerforthedisabledpeople.Iwantedto

38

myfriendstobepartofthegroup.Almostallofmyfriends

39

.

Oneday,severalofmyfriendsbroughtsomefoodandhelpedpreparethe

40

.“IgotsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIsawthe

41

peoplegetthefood!”saidonefriend.Later,anotherfriendmadealist(清單)aboutserving,

42

wecoulddoquicklyandeasily.Noweachmonththerearenewfacesthatjointhegroup.Onewoman

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invitedanothergroupofherfriendstoserve.

It’shardtoimaginethatsimple

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askingfriendstohelphavemadeagreatdifference.Atfirst,Ijustwantedtobeanorganizer.Now,I

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myidea.Ialsolovetoworkasavolunteer,becauseIcangetmorejoyfromthehappyfacesofthedisabledpeople.(

)36.A.volunteer

B.organizer

C.singer

D.nurse(

)37.A.setup

B.cheerupC.giveup

D.cleanup(

)38.A.take

B.move

C.invite

D.teach(

)39.A.refused

B.agreedC.stayed

D.left(

)40.A.training

B.journeyC.party

D.meal(

)41.A.disabled

B.strongC.clever

D.kind(

)42.A.but

B.soC.because

D.or(

)43.A.still

B.hardlyC.only

D.even(

)44.A.words

B.visitsC.letters

D.e-mails(

)45.A.keep

B.getC.change

D.openⅦ.閱讀理解

(每小題2分，共20分)AAnnwantedtoplayinthecityorchestra(管弦樂隊),butshewasnervous(緊張的).Shethoughtitmightbetoodifficult.Thefirstdayshewassonervous,andshecouldhardlybreathe.Afterafewrehearsals(排練),shecouldcomfortablyplayalongwitheveryoneelse.Shefoundthattherewasnoreasontobenervousandbegantoenjoyherself.Inrehearsals,AnnbecamefriendswithDanny.Dannysatnexttoherandalwayshelpedher.Annoftenaskedhimquestionsaboutmusic.Danny’sparentsweremusicians.TheystartedteachingDannymusicwhenhewasonlyfiveyearsold.Anncouldn’timagineplayingtheviolinatthatage.Ann’sanotherfriendintheorchestrawasMarie.Afterrehearsal,MariewouldtellAnnfunnystories.ThoughMariewasmucholderthanAnn,thetwobecamegoodfriends.Theorchestrawasrehearsingmusicforaconcert.Anninvitedsomeofherfriendsatschooltocome.Thoughtheydidn’tunderstandmusic,theypromisedtocome.TheyalllikedAnnandwantedtocheerher.Ann’sfamilyalsoplannedtogototheconcert.Annlookedforwardtotheevent,andshehopeditwouldnotrainonthenightoftheconcert.Onthenightoftheconcert,Annwasexcited.DannyandMariebothtoldherthattheconcertwouldbefun.Annknewthatshewouldenjoyit.Theconductor(指揮)Mikewasnervous.Annwassurprisedbecausesheknewthatheconductedmanybigconcertsallovertheworld.Aftertheconcertwasover,theconductorseemedhappy.Hesaidtheorchestragaveafineperformance.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。(

)46.FromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthatAnn_____.A.didn’twanttolearnmusicB.wasexcitedtotrynewthingsC.thoughttherewasnoreasontobenervousD.wasn’tinterestedinplayingintheorchestra(

)47.Annmade_____friendsintheorchestra.A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5(

)48.SomeofAnn’sfriendspromisedtocometotheconcertbecause_____.A.theyenjoyedthemusic

B.theywantedtocheerherC.theywantedtolearntoplayD.theywantedtomakenewfriends(

)49.HowdidAnnfeelonthenightoftheconcert?A.Excited.

B.Tired.

C.Nervous.

D.Sad.(

)50.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Ann’sparentsweremusicians.

B.MariewastwoyearsolderthanAnn.C.Dannystartedplayingthepianoatage5.D.Mikehadmuchexperienceinconductingconcerts.BHerearesomeideasforyouonhowtohelpothersthroughvolunteering.(51)_____Whenpeoplegetolder,itbecomeshardertodomanythings,fromwalkingtothestoretodoingthehousework.Oldpeoplelivingalonecanalsofeellonely.Asavolunteer,youcandoalottohelptheoldinyourneighborhood.Youcouldvisitthemandhelpthemwiththeirhousework.(52)_____Manypeoplewithdisabilitiesneedhelp.Youcouldvolunteertoreadbookstotheblindordeliver(遞送)somethingforpeoplewhocan’tgetaroundtoowell.(53)_____Therearelotsofvolunteerjobstodoinhospitalsandhealthcarecenters.Asavolunteer,youcanmakebeds,deliverflowersandgifts,helpservemeals,anddolotsofotherimportantjobs.(54)_____Somefamiliesdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuyfoodandclothesfortheirkids.Somepeopledon’thaveplacetoliveatall.Tohelpthesepeopleasavolunteer,youcangiveclothes,foodormoneyto,orraisemoneyfor,acharity(慈善機構(gòu)).(55)_____Sometimespeopleneedmorehelpwhentheholidayscome.Holidaysarehappy,butforpeoplewhoarealoneorunlucky,theycanbealonely,hardtime.Asavolunteer,youcandeliverholidaydinnerstolessluckypeople,visitthelonelyoldpeopleandservefoodtothehomeless.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，從A—E中選出與各段落相對應(yīng)的標(biāo)題，并將其標(biāo)號填寫在下面題號后的橫線上。A.HelpingpoorfamiliesB.HelpingthedisabledC.HelpingduringholidaysD.HelpingyouroldneighborsE.Doingthehospitalwork51.____52.____53.____54.____55.____Ⅷ.情景交際(每小題1分，共10分)

根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容及所給首字母提示，補全所缺單詞(含縮略形式)，使對話完整、通順。A:Hello,canIhelpyou?B:Yes,please.I’dliketob

(56)avolunteer.A:Whatk

(57)ofvolunteerworkwouldyouliketodo?

B:AnyworkisOK.A:Oh,weneedsomeonet

(58)help

teachkidsbasketball.B:Sorry,Ican’tplaybasketball.Isthereanythinge

(59)

A:Thereisajob—cleaninguptheparks.It’severySunday.B:That’sn

(60)good.IhavetohelplookaftermygrandmotheronSundays.A:Oh,Isee.Hereisanotherjob.Doyouknowh

(61)torepairbicycles?

B:Sorry.Ic

(62)evenrepairmyownbicycle.A:OK.M

(63)thisisagoodone.Wouldyouliketoreadtosickpeopleinthehospital

Youcand

(64)itanydayyoulike.B:Thatsoundsgood.W

(65)couldIstart?

A:Howabouttoday?B:OK,noproblem!Ⅸ.詞匯運用(每小題0.5分，共5分)A)根據(jù)句意及所給漢語提示，寫出句中所缺單詞。66.Wearemakingsome

(通知)forClean-UpDay.67.Sheis

(聾的).Shecan’thearanything.68.Atlast,I

(理解)whatshesaid.69.Weshouldhelp

(有殘疾的)people.70.Theyhadto

(扛)theirboxestothevillage.B)根據(jù)句意，用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。71.Don’thurtothers’

(feel).It’snotgood.72.Thecarhassix

(wheel).It’sveryinteresting.73.Youcan’t

(imagine)howImissedthebird.74.Aftertendaysof

(train),nowIcandriveacar.75.Igotoutoftroublebecauseofyour

(kind).Ⅹ.完成句子(每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)各題后括號內(nèi)的要求完成下列各題，每空一詞(含縮略形式)。76.Susanwouldliketohelpherfriendout.

(改為一般疑問句)________Susan________tohelpherfriendout?77.Jethelpedgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.

(改為一般疑問句)________Jet________giveoutfoodatthefoodbank?78.Mygrandfatherusedtowalkadogafterdinner.

(改為否定句)Mygrandfather________________towalkadogafterdinner.79.Ihopeyoucanrepairmyblenderintime.

(改為同義句)Ihopeyoucan________________myblenderintime.80.Youcouldhelpbuysomeflowers.

(對劃線部分提問)________couldI________Ⅺ.綜合填空(每小題1分，共10分)閱讀短文，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每詞限用一次，其中有兩個詞是多余的。week,he,what,idea,why,refuse,dog,daughter,start,do,hope,readJenniferandhersisterKatielearnedinSundaySchoolhowtheyshouldcareaboutothers.Thisgavethemagreatidea!“Let’s(81)________anewclubatschool.WecancallitTHECARECLUB!”saidKatie.“CAREmeansCaringandRespecting(尊重)Everybody.”Jenniferagreeditwasawonderful(82)________.Everynighttheyplanned(83)________theywoulddothenextdaytoshowlovetoothers.Onedaytheyhelpedaboywith(84)________homeworkafterschool.Anotherdaytheystayedafterschooltohelpalittlegirllearnto(85)________.Ontheweekendtheywalkedaneighbor’s(86)________andevengavethedogagoodshower.KatieandJennifer’sparentsunderstandtheir(87)________verywell.Theyalsolovehelpingothersandtheyarehavingsomuchfun(88)________it.Later,theotherkidsatschool(89)________tojointheclub.SoKatieandJenniferopenedtheclubuptonewmembers(成員).Everynewmemberhadtopromisetoshowlovetoothers.Theyh