托福閱讀句子插入題如何銜接

托福閱讀句子插入題如何銜接托福閱讀句子插入題如何銜接托福閱讀句子插入題如何銜接托福閱讀句子插入題如何銜接編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:托福閱讀句子插入題——如何做到無(wú)縫銜接朗閣海外考試研究中心鄭虹句子插入題(InsertTextQuestions)是托福閱讀考試必考題型，出現(xiàn)在每一篇文章倒數(shù)第二題，大部分考生在做此題時(shí)遇到模棱兩可的答案情況較多，容易選錯(cuò)。朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家將針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，具體分析句子插入題的考試特點(diǎn)及解題技巧。一、題型特點(diǎn)句子插入題顧名思義就是給一句新的句子，要求考生們把這個(gè)句子插入到相應(yīng)的位置，指定位置是文章中四個(gè)黑色方塊的地方。這些方塊分布在句首或句末，四個(gè)方框有時(shí)都出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)段落里，有時(shí)分布在一段的末尾和下一段的開(kāi)頭?？碱}形式如下：Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.[…]Wherewouldthesentencebestfit同學(xué)們要做的是點(diǎn)擊其中的一個(gè)方塊并將這個(gè)句子插入文章。句子插入題考查的內(nèi)容是句子與句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，即所插入句子必須和前后句子在邏輯關(guān)系上保持一致。其實(shí)和我們寫作一樣，同學(xué)們不能把兩句毫無(wú)關(guān)系的句子放在一起。那么在英語(yǔ)里為了體現(xiàn)句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，會(huì)采用各種銜接手段將句子連接起來(lái)，所以我們只要熟悉各種句子銜接手段，我們就能立即判斷出來(lái)句子所插入的相應(yīng)位置。以下，我們將對(duì)考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的幾種銜接手段進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析。二、解題方法1.詞重復(fù)適用這種銜接方法簡(jiǎn)單粗暴明了，無(wú)需花費(fèi)大量腦細(xì)胞，完全是送分題。后面一個(gè)句子里重復(fù)使用前面句子提到的同一個(gè)詞（通常是名詞），使用此方法，我們可以清楚知道作者仍然在談?wù)撏恢黝}，因?yàn)榍昂缶渥釉谝饬x上關(guān)系密切，互相連貫。TheircompetitionandcollaborationwerecreatingthebroadcastingindustryintheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeintroductionofcommercialradioprogrammingintheearly1920s.■Withfinancialrelationshipsamongentertainmentandcommunicationsmedia,theyrevitalizedresearchintorecordingsoundformotionpictures.■In1929theUnitedStatesmotionpictureindustryreleasedmorethan300soundfilms—aroughfigure,sinceanumberweresilentfilmswithmusictracks,orfilmspreparedindualversions,totakeaccountofthemanycinemasnotyetwiredforsound.■Attheproductionlevel,intheUnitedStatestheconversionwasvirtuallycompleteby1930.■InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive…Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Whenthisresearchresultedinthedevelopmentofvastlyimprovedsoundtechniques,filmstudiosbecameconvincedoftheimportanceofconvertingtosound.前面一句話已經(jīng)提及到了research,第二次出現(xiàn)用thisresearch,所以答案選第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)。So,inanothersetofexperiments,Kramerputidenticalfoodboxesaroundthecage,withfoodinonlyoneoftheboxes.■Theboxeswerestationary,andtheonecontainingfoodwasalwaysatthesamepointofthecompass.■However,itspositionwithrespecttothesurroundingscouldbechangedUnderverycoldconditions,rockscanbeshatteredbyiceandfrost.Glaciersmayforminpermanentlycoldareas,andtheseslowlymovingmassesoficecutoutvalleys,carryingwiththemhugequantitiesoferodedrockdebris.█Indryareasthewindistheprincipalagentoferosion.█Itcarriesfineparticlesofsand,whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces,therebywearingthemintoyetmoresand.█Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes.█Treerootsforcetheirwayintocracksinrocksand,insodoing,speedtheirsplitting.Incontrast,therootsofgrassesandothersmallplantsmayhelptoholdloosesoilfragmentstogether,therebyhelpingtopreventerosionbythewind.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Underdifferentclimaticconditions,anothertypeofdestructiveforcecontributestoerosion.another是不定代詞，指代后一句提到的另外一種destructiveforce。通過(guò)整個(gè)段落分析，第一句話destructiveforce包括ice和frost,第二句話另外一種destructiveforce指代的是wind,所以選第一個(gè)黑框。閱讀中常出現(xiàn)的代詞：this,this+n,these,another,suchandotheretc.3.詞同義替換此類句子銜接的方法是指所插入句子里面的詞（通常是名詞）與所在位置前后句子的詞同義替換，這種方法要求會(huì)比較高，考生除了要理解插入句子里面詞的意思，還要找到所在段落里面與它同義的詞。█Watt'ssteamenginesoonshowedwhatitcoulddo.█Itliberatedindustryfromdependenceonrunningwater.█Theengineeliminatedwaterintheminesbydrivingefficientpumps,whichmadepossibledeeperanddeepermining.█ThereadyavailabilityofcoalinspiredWilliamMurdochduringthe1790stodevelopthefirstnewformofnighttimeilluminationtobediscoveredinamillenniumandahalf.Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage．Thefactoriesdidnothavetogotothestreamswhenpowercouldcometothefactories．NotonlycouldSmithidentifyrockstratabythefossilstheycontained,hecouldalsoseeapatternemerging:Certainfossilsalwaysappearinmoreancientsediments,whileothersbegintobeseenasthestratabecomemorerecent.█Byfollowingthefossils．SmithwasabletoputallthestrataofEngland'searthintorelativetemporalsequence.█Aboutthesametime,GeorgesCuviermadethesamediscoverywhilestudyingtherocksaroundParis.█Soonitwasrealizedthatthisprincipleoffaunal(animal)successionwasvalidnotonlyinEnglandorFrancebutvirtuallyeverywhere.█Itwasactuallyaprincipleoffloralsuccessionaswell,becauseplantsshowedthesametransformationthroughtimeasdidfauna.Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Thefindingsofthesegeologistsinspiredotherstoexaminetherockandfossilrecordsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thefindings意思是“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，與段落第二句話thesamediscovery表同義替換，所以這句話應(yīng)該放在第三塊黑框回指前文提到的發(fā)現(xiàn)，答案選第三塊黑框。4.連接詞銜接英語(yǔ)里面表達(dá)句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系通常會(huì)用到連接詞，同學(xué)們除了要知道連接詞的意思，還要知道連接的兩個(gè)句子是否存在相應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系，所以這種方法相對(duì)前面幾種是比較難的。?？歼B接詞有表轉(zhuǎn)折，原因，結(jié)果，遞進(jìn)等。█Modernarchitecturalformsgenerallyhavethreeseparatecomponentscomparabletoelementsofthehumanbody;asupportingskeletonorframe,anouterskinenclosingtheinteriorspaces,equipment,similartothebody’svitalorgansandsystems.█Theequipmentincludesplumbing,electricalwiring,hotwater,andair-conditioning.█Ofcourseinearlyarchitecture—suchasigloosandadobestructures—therewasnosuchequipment,andtheskeletonandskinwereoftenone.█Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.However,somemodernarchitecturaldesigns,suchasthoseusingfoldedplatesofconcreterorair-inflatedstructures,areagainunifyingskeletonandskin.插入句子中的however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，前后意思相反或者對(duì)比。最后一句話inearlyarchitecture對(duì)應(yīng)插入句子modernarchitecturaldesigns,所以選擇最后一個(gè)黑色方框。句子插入題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞有：however,but,yet,whereasandwhileetc.■Becausetheyarealwaysswimming,tunassimplyhavetoopentheirmouthsandwaterisforcedinandovertheirgills.■Accordingly,theyhavelostmostofthemusclesthatotherfishesusetosuckinwaterandpushitpastthegills.■Infact,tunasmustswimtobreathe.■Theymustalsokeepswimmingtokeepfromsinking,sincemosthavelargelyorcompletelylosttheswimbladder,thegas-filledsacthathelpsmostotherfishremainbuoyant.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecanbeaddedtothepassage.Consequently,tunasdonotneedtosuckinwater.Consequently是表示結(jié)果的邏輯關(guān)系詞。整句話意思是所以金槍魚(yú)不需要在水里吮吸。段落第一句意思：因?yàn)榻饦岕~(yú)的游動(dòng)從不停止，它們必須張著嘴使水流經(jīng)它們的腮。根據(jù)兩句話的邏輯意思，因?yàn)樗鼜堉焓顾鹘?jīng)它們的腮，所以不需要在水里吮吸。同學(xué)們不僅要理解consequently的意思，還要理解前后兩句話的意思才能做對(duì)此題。答案選第二個(gè)黑框。表示結(jié)果的邏輯關(guān)系詞有：consequently,therefore,so,henceandthusetc.IthaslongbeenacceptedthattheAmericaswerecolonizedbyamigrationofpeoplesfromAsia,slowlytravelingacrossalandbridgecalledBeringia(nowtheBeringStraitbetweennortheasternAsiaandAlaska)duringthelastIceAge.■Thefirstwatercrafttheoryaboutthemigrationwasthataround11,000-12,000yearsagotherewasanice-freecorridorstretchingfromeasternBeringiatotheareasofNorthAmericasouthofthegreatnorthernglaciers.Itwasthemidcontinentalcorridorbetweentwomassiveicesheets-theLaurentidetothewest-thatenabledthesouthwardmigration.■Butbeliefinthisice-freecorridorbegantocrumblewhenpaleoecologistGlenMacDonalddemonstratedthatsomeofthemostimportantradiocarbondatesusedtosupporttheexistenceofanice-freecorridorwereincorrect.■Hepersuasivelyarguedthatsuchanice-freecorridordidnotexistuntilmuchlater,whenthecontinentalicebeganitsfinalretreat.■Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Moreover,otherevidencesuggeststhatevenifanice-freecorridordidexist,itwouldhavelackedtheresourcesneededforhumancolonization.Moreover表遞進(jìn)，可譯為“此外”，插入句子意思和段落最后一句話表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，譯為：他令人信服地主張那樣的不凍地帶直到很久以后才出現(xiàn)，那時(shí)大陸冰塊開(kāi)始最后的消退。此外其它證據(jù)表明即使不凍地帶存在，所以答案選最后一個(gè)黑色方框。5.觀點(diǎn)+例子這種連接的方法往往插入的句子是作者表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，那么我們只要回段落找相關(guān)的例子就可以選擇正確的方框了。Thedifferencesinfeedingpreferenceslead,inturn,todifferencesinmigratoryhabits.■Thewildebeestsfollow,intheirmigration,thepatternoflocalrainfall.■Theotherspeciesdolikewise.■Butwhenanewareaisfueledbyrain,themammalsmigratetowarditinasetordertoexploitit.■Thelarger,lessfastidiousfeeders,thezebras,moveinfirst;thechoosier,smallerwildebeestscomelater;andthesmallestspeciesofall,Thomson’sgazelle,arriveslast.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Thesequenceinwhichtheymigratecorrelateswiththeirbodysize.插入的句子表達(dá)了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：它們遷移的順序是與身體大小相關(guān)的。那么我們只要找一個(gè)例子和身體大小相關(guān)的句子即可。最后一句話thelarger,lessfastidiousfeeders,thezebras,moveinfirst.通過(guò)這兩組詞我們就可以判斷出來(lái)這是一個(gè)例子，所以答案選最后一個(gè)黑框。ChineseporcelainwaresimportedintotheArabworld.■Soadmiredwerethesepieces