中考英語語法講解資料及練習(xí)名詞

/9xx英語語法講解資料及練習(xí)第1講：名詞名詞當(dāng)然是大家都很熟悉的了，我們吃的food，喝的drinks,穿的clothes都是名詞。Itiseasy,right?旦是你可能被名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化、名詞作定語以及名詞所有格等問題搞得糊里糊涂的，到底該怎么用呢？OK,followme。First，名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊變化。普通名詞的復(fù)數(shù)我們知道是直接加-s或-es，可是偏偏有一些名詞不聽話，變化不規(guī)則。這些小調(diào)皮是：a.class,box,watch,brush等詞以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾，復(fù)數(shù)要力口-es;b.story,factory等以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的詞復(fù)數(shù)要先將-y變成-i再加-es;c.knife,wife,life等以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞一般先將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v,再加-es；d.以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，一般來說，末尾是"元音字母+o"的詞加-s，我們學(xué)過的有radio,zoo。末尾是"輔音字母+o"的詞，變復(fù)數(shù)加-es。如：tomato,hero,potato，當(dāng)然其中的piano和photo，又是一個(gè)例外，他們的結(jié)尾只能加-s。e.child（children）,foot（feet）,tooth（teeth）,mouse（mice）,man（men）,woman（women）等詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化全不遵循規(guī)則。注意：與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。如：anEnglishmar，twoEnglishmen但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;f.deer，sheep等詞更是懶得可以，竟然單復(fù)數(shù)同形。好記好記。people，police，cattle等詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，旦實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)，所以它們的謂語當(dāng)然也是復(fù)數(shù)形式，這就是集體名詞。theEnglish,theFrench,theChinese等名詞表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí)，也作復(fù)數(shù)用。注意：maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，雖然以-s結(jié)尾，仍為不可數(shù)名詞。還有theUnitedStates（美國(guó)），theUnitedNations（聯(lián)合國(guó)）等應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。別奇怪，名詞有時(shí)也可以作定語的。它作定語時(shí)一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。a.man,woman等作定語時(shí)，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：menworkers，womenteachers。b.數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。如：aten-milewalk十里路，two-hundredtrees兩百棵樹。哇！這些問題好復(fù)雜，我好想輕松一下。那我們就輕輕松松地面對(duì)名詞所有格問題。這里面內(nèi)容可謂少之又少，可也不能小視呦。名詞所有格：表示“…的”通常是在名詞的后面加-s,如：Children'sday,father'sshoes。但以-s結(jié)尾的名詞因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)有s了，只需加’就0K了。如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有's,.則表示分別有”.如：John'sandMary'sroom（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；兩個(gè)名詞并列，只有一個(gè)’s,則表示”共有”。如：JohnandMary'sroom（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）。還有些無生命名詞的所屬要用介詞of來幫助一下，如：amapofChina,theendofthisterm。好，名詞部分我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完，It'sapieceofcake?接下來到了我們趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了,Areyouready?練習(xí)：Alltheteachersandstudentsarehavingameetingthere.women…girlswomen…girlwoman…girlswoman…girlMrBlackisafriendof.Jack'saunt'sJack'sauntJackaunt'saunt'sofJackThistoywasmadebyaboy.ten-year-oldten-years-oldten-year-olderten-years-olderThefarmerraisedten.sheepsdeershorsecowsShelookedatussadlywithhereyesaslargeashergrandmotherhergrandmother'shergrandmothers'thatofhergrandmotherWehavemovedintoa.two-storeyhousehouseoftwostoreytwo-storeyshousetwostoreyshouseThewastoomuchforthechildtocarry.box'ssteelboxofasteelsteelboxboxofthesteelWe'llgiveourEnglishteacheracardfor.theTeacher'sDayTeacher'sDayaTeacher'sDayTeachers'DayLiPingmetanoldfriendofonatrainyesterday.hehimhisherarebigandbright.TheclassroomwindowThewindowoftheclassroomThewindowsoftheclassroomTheclassroom'swindows實(shí)戰(zhàn)：Don'tworry.Yoursonwillcomebackinhour.aanthe/Thisniceblouseisn'tmine.It's.youyourLucyyoursWhat's"potato"inChinese?－It's.香蕉大白菜xx土豆Theninthmonthofayearis.DecemberNovemberSeptemberOctoberA:MustIleavenow?B:No,you.needn'tmustntdon'twon'tWehaveahistorylessonWednesdayafternoon.onofattoSuanhasmadequitefriendssinceshecametoChina.fewafewlittlealittleA:HaveyouevertotheWestLake?B:Yes,Itherelastwinter.gone,wentbeen,wentgone,havebeenbeen,haveDoyouEnglish?tellsaytalkspeakA:MayIyourruler?B:OK,I'mgladtoittoyou.lend,borrowlend,lendborrow,lendborrow,borrowWe'llgotothemuseumifittomorrow.can'trainwon'traindon'traindoesn'trianDoyouknow?wheredoeshestudyhestudieswherewherehestudieshewherestudiesA:doyougotoseeyourgrandparents?B:OnceamonthHowoftenHowlonghowmuchhowman