小學(xué)英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義

小學(xué)英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義小學(xué)英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義小學(xué)英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義xxx公司小學(xué)英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度小學(xué)英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義◆名詞復(fù)習(xí)名詞的分類一、可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn)：a.有單復(fù)數(shù)之分b.能用a,an,c.數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾d.復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式e.可用few,afew,many,agreatnumberof,both,neither,these,those,each,every,another,other,hundredsof,agreatmany,agroupof等詞語(yǔ)修飾二、可數(shù)名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本構(gòu)成規(guī)則：1.大多數(shù)名詞是在詞尾加-sboys,toys,pens,books,mouths,months2.以字母s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。matches,churches,boxes,classes,brushesmatcheswatches，etc.3.以“o”結(jié)尾，有（生命）的加-es,有的加-spotatoes,tomatoes,heroes,negroes,mangos,photos,zoos,pianos,radios,kilos,studios,kangaroos,UFOs,videos4.輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾，去y，＋iesfactories,countries,ladies,cities,batteries元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的，直接加-s:boys,toys,daysplays,holidays,monkeys,keys5.以f,fe結(jié)尾，去f,fe,＋vesshelves,knives,scarves/scarfs,leafleaves,lifelives，wolfwolveswifewiveshalfhalves,thiefthievesloafloaveshandkerchiefhandkerchiefs,handkerchieves三、可數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則變化manmen,womanwomen,policemanpolicemen,footfeet,toothteeth,childchildren,mousemice,goosegeese鵝sheepsheep,deerdeer,ChineseChinese,JapaneseJapanese,SwissSwissoxoxen公牛,fish,Germans,humans,walkmans,meansmeans四、名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)：1.可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)：many,few,afew,agreatnumberof,alotof,some,enough,plentyof,oneof,quiteafew,several,toomany,both,neither,all,數(shù)詞,hundredsof,thousandsof,millionsof…dozensof,scoresof…2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)：much,little,alittle,some,ahugeamountof,agreatdealof,plentyof,alotof,hugeamountsof…VI.關(guān)于名詞數(shù)的注意點(diǎn)：1.名詞作定語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式：acarfactory,twocolorfilms,wordorder,apaperbag但也有用復(fù)數(shù)的：sportsnews,sportsshoes,sportsprogrammes,sportsmeeting,studentsreading-room,talkstable,theforeignlanguagesdepartment2.有些名詞在某些習(xí)慣性用法中，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式：shakehandswithsb.makefriendswithsb.changetrainschangeseats五、名詞所有格1．有生命的＋’sMary’s,father’s,theboy’sbooks,anybodyelse’sadvice,eachother’smistakes,2.詞尾是-s或-es的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加“’”theteachers’office,theworkers’tools，twentyminutes’walk3.詞尾沒有-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則加“‘s”來(lái)表示。Children’sDay,Women’sDay,thepeople’sneeds4.’s也可用于時(shí)間，距離，天體，國(guó)名，地名atwo-hourride,intwoweeks’time,today’snewspaper,twohours’ride,twentyminutes’walk5.如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，則只在最后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾加“’s”.ThisisLucyandLily’sbedroom.如果不共有，則兩個(gè)名詞后面都加“’s”.TheseareBill’sandTom’sbikes.◆代詞復(fù)習(xí)1、人稱代詞人稱代詞的分類人稱代詞分為主格和賓格兩種形式。人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit(2)人稱代詞的用法：①主格人稱代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)。Sheisasintelligentashe(is).她像他一樣聰明。WealllikeEnglishverymuch.我們都很喜歡英語(yǔ)。Ilikemusic.我我喜歡音樂。②賓格人稱代詞在句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。WeoftengotoseeheronSaturdays.我們常在星期六去看她。即景活用：①M(fèi)issLinteaches_______Englishthisterm.-Youarelucky.______isaverygoodteacher.A.ourSheB.us;HeC.us,SheD.ours;He答案:C點(diǎn)撥:本題考查人稱代詞主格與賓格的用法區(qū)別。第一個(gè)空在動(dòng)詞teaches后作賓語(yǔ)，故用賓格;第二個(gè)空在句中作主語(yǔ)，故用主格，且性別上應(yīng)與MissLin相對(duì)應(yīng)。②(2008.北京)I'mgoingskating.Wouldyouliketogowith_____

A.meB..IC.myD.mine答案:A點(diǎn)撥:with是介詞，介詞后的代飼用賓格形式，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。2，物主代詞物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。類型詞義我的你的他的/她的/它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourHis/her/itsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyoursHis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs形容詞性的:物主代詞具有形容詞的的特征，后面接名詞。Ourschoolisnotfarfromhere.我們的學(xué)校肉這兒不遠(yuǎn)。Myfatherandmotherareteachers.Theyliketheirwork.（2)名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特征，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Thisisnotmypen.Mineisred.這不是我的鋼筆。我的是紅色的。Ihavelostmydictionary.Pleaselendmeyours.我的詞典丟了。請(qǐng)把你的借我用一下。DoyouknowAlice一Yes.Iknow____verywell.A.sheB.herC.herselfD.hers◆動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的定義和分類定義動(dòng)詞主要是用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)，而動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的發(fā)生有具體時(shí)間和表現(xiàn)形式，這就是英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)簡(jiǎn)單地理解就是時(shí)（時(shí)間）態(tài)（動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，另外就是動(dòng)詞的形態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本形態(tài)（或形式）：動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)，過(guò)去式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞be,seem,sound,turn,become等+表語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞be+doing+donehavedonebeen+doingdo,does,didWill,shall,would,should+動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may,can,must,might,could等動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)用法例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作Hegoestoschoolbybikeeveryday.他每天騎自行車上學(xué)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)特征Thepenisinthebag.鋼筆在書包里。表示客觀真理Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。表示將來(lái)（在時(shí)間，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中；在時(shí)刻表等計(jì)劃中）IwillcallyouassoonasIgetthere.我一到達(dá)那里就給你電話。Theplanetakesoffatnine.飛機(jī)九點(diǎn)起飛。一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事，存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Heworkedinafactoryin1986.1986年他在一家工廠工作。一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Theywillappearlater.他們稍晚會(huì)露面。Itisgoingtorain.天要下雨了?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作WearehavinganEnglishlessonnow.我們現(xiàn)在正在上英語(yǔ)課。表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作I’mreviewingEnglishthesedays.近來(lái)我在復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。表示贊揚(yáng)，厭煩等感情色彩（與always,continually等連用）Sheisalwayshelpingpeople.她總是樂于助人。（贊揚(yáng)）表示預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（常代表將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)）WeareleavingonFriday.我們星期五出發(fā)。時(shí)態(tài)分述（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)定義:表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).a.Hegoestoschoolonfoot.b.Heissevenyearsold.

c.Thelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式:第一,二人稱,復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞（如work)動(dòng)詞用原形(work)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)(works)否定don'twork提問(wèn):Do....work否定:(doesn'twork)提問(wèn):Does....workbeare主語(yǔ)是I用amis否定（are/amnot)提問(wèn)（Are/Am....)否定：isnot主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞變化的形式和方法與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法基本一樣：在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s,如：works,runs,likes以-s,-x,-ch,-sh或-o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，加-es,如：teaches,goes,does,washes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變i再加-es,如：studies,flies,carries.（4）不規(guī)則變化，如：have-has;be-is2）標(biāo)志詞：如果句中有always,sometimes,often,usually,everyday等時(shí)間詞時(shí)，這個(gè)句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

a.Hegoestoschooleveryday.

b.Heisoftenlateforschool.

c.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.用法：表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，often,always,usually,never等。Igotoworkonfooteveryday.我每天走路去上班。（每天都一樣）表示興趣，愛好，所屬關(guān)系等。Shelikesdancing.她喜歡跳舞。（興趣愛好）Ihaveafootball.我有一個(gè)足球。（所屬關(guān)系）標(biāo)識(shí)性質(zhì)，特征，（包括外貌，年齡，高矮，來(lái)歷等），處所等。Sheis12yearsold.她12歲。（年齡）Thehospitalisnexttoourschool.醫(yī)院在我們學(xué)校旁邊。（處所）標(biāo)識(shí)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)，格言或警句。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.上海在中國(guó)的東部。Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)　＂?用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Heoften(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy(be)membersoftheReadingClub.3.SheandI（take）awalktogethereveryevening.4.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.5.We(notwatch)TVonweekdays.6.Nick(notdo)hishomeworkonSundays.7.they(like)theWorldCup?

8.Whattheyusually(do)onholidays?

9.yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?

10.Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays. Ⅱ.按照要求改寫句子。1.

DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改為否定句)DanielTVeveryevening.2.

Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作否定回答)——youhomeworkeveryday——No,I.3.

Shelikesmilk.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定回答）_______shemilk?Yes,she.二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.Where(be)JohnandJackfrom?

2.Hisfavoritesubjects(be)P.E.andmusic.3.Hispenpal(live)inToronto.4.he(have)anysisters?

5.Bencan(speak)EnglishandSpanish.6.Herbrother(notplay)sportseveryday,heonly(watch)themonTV.7.Mypatentswant(go)shoppingonSunday.8.Shelikes(play)computergames.

（二）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法

1）表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

a.HesawMr.Wangyesterday.b.Heworkedinafactoryin1986.c.Hewasastudentin2000.構(gòu)成：用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：1）、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾去y變i＋ed重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫詞尾字母+ed2)、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化，需要記憶。主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iwasastudent.We/You/Theywerestudents.He/Shewasastudent.I/You/They/likedmusic.Manypeoplelikedmusic.Iwasnotastudent.We/You/Theywerenotstudents.He/Shewasnotastudent.I/We/You/They/didn’tlikemusic.Manypeopledidn’tlikemusic.Wereyouastudent.Wereyou/theystudentsWashe/sheastudentDidyou/theylikemusicDidmanypeoplelikemusic?標(biāo)志性的詞：yesterday,lastweek,threedaysago,in1998,justnow等，例如：①Isawhiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上看見他了。

②LiMeialwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear.去年李梅總是步行上學(xué)。練習(xí)一：用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Heatesomebreadand_________(drink)somemilk.2.________he__________(finish)hishomeworklastnight?3.I__________(be)tiredyesterday.4.I___________(gain)Artsdegreelastyear.5.What_________you___________(do)ateighto’clocklastnight?6.Mygrandfather_________(leave)HongkongforNewYorkin1998.7.What_______you________(do)thistimeyesterday?練習(xí)二：?jiǎn)芜x(

)1.______you________atsixo’clockyesterday

A.Do,getup

B.Did,getup

C.Do,gotup

D.Did,gotup(

)2.Whatdidyousee_________A.now

B.everyday

C.since1990

D.justnow(

)3.Hewentintotheroomand_______thedoor.A.lock

B.locking

C.locks

D.locked(

)4.--What_____you_______lastweek?

--Iboughtabag.

A.did,buy

B.did,bought

C.do,buy

D.do,bought(

)5.--_____he____hislunch?

--Yes,hedid.

A.Have,had

B.Had,has

C.Did,have

D.Did,had（三）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)定義：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。可以表示有計(jì)劃的未來(lái)，也就是用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。（2）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是:主語(yǔ)+be+v.ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式第一人稱單數(shù)I+am+doing+sth.第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)We+are+doing+sth.第二人稱單(復(fù))數(shù)You+are+doing+sth.第三人稱單數(shù)He（She，it）+is+doing+sth.第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)They+are+doing+sth.肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be（is/am/are）+現(xiàn)在分詞否定句：主語(yǔ)+be（is/am/are）+not+現(xiàn)在分詞一般疑問(wèn)句:be（is/am/are）+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞（3）現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則1.直接+ing(例：sleep+ingsleeping)2.去掉不發(fā)音的e+ing(例：bite-e+ingbiting)3.重讀閉音節(jié)，且末尾只有1個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫輔音字母+ing(例：sit+t+ingsitting)(4)基本用法：A表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。例：Wearewaitingforyou.Heisreading.Theyaretalkingnow.B.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)例：SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.C.當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。E.g.Theyareworkingthesedays.D.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。例：Youarealwayschangingyourmind.【實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)講解和分析：】一、把下列詞匯變成ing形式1.work___________

sing__________

play__________

study____

2.dance__________

have__________

write__________

take_

3.run__________

sit__________

shop__________

swim_________二、用詞語(yǔ)的恰當(dāng)形式填空1.Whatareyou_________(do)nowI___________(eat)bread.2.It’snineo’clock.Myfather_______________(work)intheoffice.3.

Look,theboy____________(put)therubbishintothebin.4.

__________he__________(clean)theclassroomNo,heisn’t.He____________(play).5.

WhereisMarkHe___________(run)onthegrass.6.

Listen,who____________(sing)inthemusicroomOh,Mary_____________(sing)there.7.

She______________(go)toschoolateighto’clock.8.

It’ssixo’clock.Theyare_____________supper.(eat)9.

Heusually___________upat17:00.(get)10.

She___________(live)inBeijing.11.

Sally_________(be)herenow.12.

_______(be)thereafly(蒼蠅)onthetable

13.

Theyare__________(dig)ahole(洞).14.

Myfather_______________(mend)hismodel(模型)