【中考命題研究】(貴陽)2020中考英語題型突破題型五任務(wù)型閱讀(無答案)

題型五任務(wù)型閱讀貴陽中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢年份文體話題段落及詞數(shù)考查形式2020一篇說明文一篇記敘文時事熱點：絲綢之路人物傳記：史蒂夫?喬布斯人生改變經(jīng)歷5段式，約330詞5段式，約280詞填寫表格補全句子2020一篇說明文一篇記敘文Hiphop與Rap音樂對青少年的影響人物傳記：查爾斯?達爾文對生物學(xué)的貢獻3段式，約320詞6段式，約320詞填寫表格補全句子2020一篇說明文一篇記敘文青少年夢想和希望的調(diào)查態(tài)度在人們生活中的重要性5段式，約320詞4段式，約280詞填寫表格補全句子2020兩篇說明文怎樣獲得快樂血型與人們生命、性格、食物、健康的關(guān)系4段式，約250詞4段式，約260詞填寫表格補全句子2020一篇說明文一篇記敘文青少年抑郁癥與媒體之間的關(guān)系禮貌地尋求信息和幫助在交際中的重要性8段式，約350詞4段式，約300詞填寫表格補全句子分析上表可知，近5年貴陽市中考的任務(wù)型閱讀分為兩種形式：填寫表格型和補全句子型。任務(wù)型閱讀理解題設(shè)計比較靈活，答案往往不唯一，題型、體裁多樣，題目的難度也在增大。任務(wù)型閱讀理解題型多樣，設(shè)題自由開放，內(nèi)容廣泛。它不僅考查考生的閱讀理解能力，還考查考生的語言組織能力、單詞拼寫能力、英漢互譯能力以及其他語言知識，較好地呼應(yīng)了新課標(biāo)所倡導(dǎo)的“任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)”模式。所給的文章易于理解并貼近考生生活實際。旨在考查考生運用所學(xué)語言知識的能力，在對篇章整體理解的基礎(chǔ)上，考查考生根據(jù)上下文的意思和邏輯聯(lián)系進行推理、判斷的能力。貴陽市中考在本題型中重點涉及到閱讀填寫詞語這一知識的運用。一、通讀全文，感知任務(wù)答題前，認真閱讀文章，掌握文章提供的信息內(nèi)容，同時要明確文章的中心思想，為答題做好準(zhǔn)備。二、緊扣原文，搜尋信息通讀全文后，再瀏覽問題，從原文中找出能回答問題的關(guān)鍵信息。三、全面兼顧，準(zhǔn)確作答除了注意書寫規(guī)范以外，還要確保表達的準(zhǔn)確性，要注意語態(tài)、時態(tài)和人稱等的變化。四、認真檢查，驗證答案完成任務(wù)后要把答案帶入原文，檢查所寫的答案是否符合要求，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時解決。7判例例折（2020中考預(yù)測）Doyouknowtallpeopleleadhappierlivesthanshorterpeople?According」。_anewstudywhjphfoundthatmostunhappymenarealmostaninch_shorter__than_average.Researcherssoundthatshorterpeopleweremoredissatisfied（不滿意的）withtheirlotinlife.Thestudyinterviewedmorethan450,000adultsabouthowtheyviewedtheirlife.Thevolunteerswereaskedtoplacethemselvessomewhereona“l(fā)ifeladder"andaskedabouttheiremotions.Accordingtothefindings,peoplewhoweretallerwerealsomorelikelytobeabouttheirlifeandweremorelikelytojudgethemselvesashappy.Theywerealsolesslikelytofeelarangeofnegativeemotions,includingsadnessandphysicalpain,althoughtheyweremorelikelytoexperiencestressandanger,andiftheywerewomen,toworry.Menwhoreportedthattheirliveswerethe“worstpossible"wereingeneralmorethaneighttenthsofaninch,or2cm,shorterthantheaverageheight.Womenwhoviewedthemselvesas“onthebottomstep“onthelifeladderwereshorterthantheaveragewomanbyhalfaninch,or1.3cm.1題完成句子；2題簡略回答問題；3題將文中橫線處空缺的一個單詞填寫在下面的答題線上；4題找出并寫下全文的主題句；5題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語。ResearchersfoundthatshorterpeopleweremoredissatisfiedwiththeirlotHowmanyadultsdidtheresearchersinterviewabouthowtheyviewedtheirlife?【主旨大意】本文為說明文。介紹高個子的人比矮個子的人生活更加幸福，對生活的態(tài)度更積極；稱自己生活“最糟糕”的男性身高一般來說比平均身高矮0.8英寸或2厘米，稱自己生活不好的女性身高比平均身高矮半英寸或1.3厘米。inlife【解析】根據(jù)第二段第——句"Researchersfoundthatshorterpeopleweremoredissatisfiedwiththeirlotinlife.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，身材較矮的人對自己的生活狀況更為不滿意。”可知答案。Thestudyinterviewedmorethan450,000adults./450,000adults.【解析】根據(jù)第二段第二句"Thestudyinterviewedmorethan450,000adultsabouthowtheyviewedtheirlife.該研究對45萬成年人對生活的態(tài)度進行了調(diào)查?！笨芍鸢?。positive【解析】根據(jù)下文"Theywerealsolesslikelytofeelarangeofnegativeemotions???"以及本句“…peoplewhoweretallerwerealsomorelikelytobeabouttheirlife…”可知答案填negative的反義詞positive。Doyouknowtallpeopleleadhappierlivesthanshorterpeople?【解析】分析整篇文章，主要講述了高個子的人比矮個子的人生活更加幸福。根據(jù)一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，最不開心的男人幾乎都比平均身高矮一英寸?！窘馕觥縜ccordingto根據(jù)；aninchshorterthanaverage比平均身高矮一寸。，考點：完成句子類方法突破：該題是要求考生根據(jù)文章來補充句子，考生只需找到該句的位置，與題干一一對照，找出其中相應(yīng)位置空缺的內(nèi)容補上即可。填好所缺單詞，做完題后還要從句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語法形式和意義上進行復(fù)查、確保答案正確?？键c：回答問題類方法突破：回答問題類題目，在答題前，首先應(yīng)該快速瀏覽所提問題，然后帶著這個問題，有的放矢地去閱讀文章，獲取與問題有關(guān)的信息。對那些在文章中找不到答案的問題，必須再通讀全文，對獲得的信息進行整理、通篇考慮全文，才能寫出答案。答完問題后要進行檢查，確保答案在語法、拼寫及標(biāo)點符號等方面準(zhǔn)確無誤?？键c：找主題句類方法突破：如果題干要求找出某自然段的主題句，學(xué)生必須仔細閱讀該自然段，掌握其大意，找出能概括該自然段的主題句。如果題干要求找出文章的主題句，則需要瀏覽文章大意。通常主題句位于自然段或文章的開頭或結(jié)尾。考點：英譯漢類方法突破：解答英譯漢的題目，先略讀全文，從整體上把握整篇文章的內(nèi)容，并理解畫線部分與文章其他部分之間的語法及邏輯關(guān)系，然后找出句中的固定短語、從句或固定句型等，翻譯出合理的漢語句子。解答此類題型時要注意幾點：①要根據(jù)上下文翻譯，不要斷章取義。②翻譯時要與漢語語言習(xí)慣相聯(lián)系，不要逐詞死譯。③注意文化差異。④注意習(xí)語、諺語。I,2020備考猜押類型一填寫表格型【解題策略】填寫表格型通常是先給出一段閱讀材料，根據(jù)材料所給的信息填寫表格、補全句子或短文中空缺的信息。此類題目通常難度不大，大部分信息都可以直接在材料中找到，因此考生只要通讀材料，注意所填信息在原文中的出處，就不難完成任務(wù)。但是也有個別信息考生不可能直接在材料中找出，需要根據(jù)某些細節(jié)、線索或關(guān)鍵詞語進行推理、歸納才能完成任務(wù)。填寫時重在達意，并不一定要用短文中的原詞。對于填表式閱讀理解，關(guān)鍵在于分析圖表中已存在的信息點，然后根據(jù)已給出的信息點尋找相對應(yīng)的信息。A（2020貴陽中考）流行音樂Hiphop,orrapmusicasit'salsocalled,startedonthestreetsandintheclubsofNewYorkCityinthe1970s,buttodaymanycountrieshavetheirownkindofhiphopmusic.Thiskindofmusichasitsrootsinreggae,discoandfunkmusic.Rapping,whichmeansspeakingtotherhythmofthemusic,isanimportantpartofthismusic.Youngpeopleraptoexpresshowtheyfeelabouttheirlivesandproblems.Wouldyouliketorapinclass?Wellactually,hiphopmusicisbeingplayedinmorethan10,000schoolsintheUSA.Why?Thereisanewschoolprogrammecalled“Flocabulary"whereteachersusetextbooksandhiphopCDstohelpteachavarietyofschoolsubjects.Thelyricsofthesongsincludeinformationonasubjectstudentsarestudying,whichmakeslearningeasyandfun.Studentsandteachersareamazedatthepositiveeffectsithashadonexammarks.Thisiswhatoneteachersaid:"I'veusedhiphopsongsinclass,andI'veneverseenstudentshavesuchgreatinterestsinhistory!It'sunbelievablehowstudentsrememberwhatIteach!Itevenencouragesustowasteourownsongs.”BlakeHarrison,ahighschoolstudent,firstthoughtoftheideaofFlocabulary.Theword“Flocabulary”comesfromthewords"flow"andavocabulary"Flow"isarapwordfor“style"orthewayarappersaysthewordsofasong.Howdidhegettheidea?Well,herealizedhecouldrememberthelyricsofahiphopsongveryeasily.So,whynotmakelessonsintosongs?TodaytogetherwithAlexRappaport,a,science,andliterature,whicharenowbeingusedincomposer,Blakeproduceshiphopsongsformathschoolswithgreatsuccess.,science,andliterature,whicharenowbeingusedinParagraphOneHiphopmusicstartedinNewYorkCityinthe1970s.Itcomesfrom__1__,reggae,discoandfunkmusic.ParagraphTwoRappinginschoolsis__2__intheUSAbecauseoftheprogrammenamed“Flocabulary”.Thelyricsofthesongsincludeinformationonasubjectstudentsarestudying,whichmakes__3__.ParagraphThreeAhighschoolstudentnamed__4__firsthadtheideaofFlocabulary.Nowheproduceshiphopsongsformanysubjectsinorderto__5__..5.B（2020貴陽中考）人生夢想Wealldreamaboutthingsthatwewouldliketodoandwehopetoachieveinthefuture.Butareeverybody'sdreamsthesame?Herearesomeofthefindingsofasurveyabouthopesanddreams,inwhichthousandsofstudentsacrossChinatookpartinit.Whatarethehopesofteenagers?Wereceivedseveraldifferentanswerstothequestion:whatwouldyouliketodoafterfinishingyoureducation?Itseemssomestudentswouldliketostartworkassoonaspossible,sothattheycanhelpprovidebetterlivesfortheirparents.Otherstudentshopetocontinuestudyingafterfinishingschoolandtogotouniversity.Althoughmoneyisimportant,manyteenagerssaidtheywanttodojobstheyenjoy.Accordingtothesurvey,themostpopularchoiceofjobiscomputerprogramming.Whatarethedreamsofteenagers?Teenagershaveallkindsofdreams.Somearemorerealisticthanothers.Forexample,manystudentssaidtheywouldliketobevolunteersatthe2020Olympics,maybeworkingastranslatorsortourguides.Andquiteafewsaidtheydreamofgoingtothemoononeday.Accordingtothesurvey,lessrealisticdreamsarealsocommonbutmanystudentsreportedthattheywerewillingtoworkhardtoachievetheirdreams.Quiteafewdreamofbecomingfamous,perhapsfamoussportspeopleorsingers.Somesaidthey'dliketogoonexcitingtrips;onestudentssaidshe'dlovetosailacrossthePacificOcean.Andthentherearedreamsthatareimpossible;threestudentssaidthey'dliketobeabletofly!ConclusionItwasclearfromthesurveythatteenagershavesimilarhopes.Itseemsthatmoststudentshopetohaveagoodeducationandfindagoodjob.Ontheotherhand,studentsdreamofverydifferentthings:goodthings,andevencrazythings.Itisveryimportanttodream,soholdonyourdreams;onedaytheymayjustcometrue.AsurveyaboutsomeChinesestudents′__1__HopesofteenagersSomestudentshopetostartworkingassoonaspossible.Othershopetocontinuestudyingafterfinishingschoolandtogotouniversity.2isthemostpopularchoiceofjob.DreamsofteenagersSomestudentshavemorerealisticdreamssuchasworkingasvolunteersatthe2020Olympics,etc.Othershavelessrealisticdreamssuchasbecomingfamoussportspeopleorsinger,_3_andsailingacrossthePacificOcean.Somestudents_4_suchasbeingabletofly.Conclusion:Thesurveyshowsthatteenagers_5_..C（2020銅仁中考）交友哲理Richard,14,said,“Iwanttomakefriends,butIdon'tknowhow.Inmylastschool,myclassmatesoftenbullied（欺負）meandIdidn'thaveanyfriends.ChildrenatthisschoollookOK,butIjustknowI'llalsodosomethingwrong.Pleasehelpme!”Perhapsthebestwaytomakefriendsistoknowwhatmakesafriend.Iaskedsome13-year-oldboysandgirlstowritedowntheylikedabouttheirfriends.Theysaidthatgoodfriends：goaroundwithhappyfaces.liketoshare.stayandplaytogetherwithothers.invitepeopletodosomething.arehumorous.aregoodatorganizinggames.helpotherswithwork.arekind.aregoodatthinkingofsomethingfuntodo.Goodfriendsgoaround_1_happyfaces.liketoshare.stayandplaytogetherwithothers.2otherswithwork.are_3_andhumorous._4_peopletodosomething.aregoodatorganizinggamesandthinkingofsomething_5_todo..5.口2020貴陽中考）人物傳記SteveJobswasfamousforstartingAppleComputers.InaspeechtograduatingstudentsatStanfordUniversity,Jobstoldstudentsaboutsomeofhislife-changingexperiences.Jobsbelievedtheseexperienceshelpedhimachievesuccess.Jobs'biologicalmotherwasacollegestudent.Asayoungmother,shefeltunabletobringJobsupsosheputhimupforadoption.Jobs'adoptedparentsweresimpleworking-classpeople.WhenJobswas17,hisparentsusedtheirsavingstosendhimtocollege.Aftersixmonthsofcollege,Jobsdecideditwasnotforhim.Aroundthattime,hehadreadaquotationthatwentsomethinglike,“Ifyouliveeachdayasifitwasyourlast,somedayyou'llmostcertainlyberight."Thequotationmadehimthinkabouthislifeandhisfuture.Hestartedtoquestionifheshouldstayincollege.Washedoingwhathereallywantedtodo?Eventually,hedecidedhehadtochangesomething;hedecidedtodropoutofcollege.Jobswasluckybecauseheknewwhathelovedtodo.HestartedAppleComputersinhisparents'garagewithafriendwhenhewas20.Injusttenyears,Applegrewintoa$2billioncompany.Howeverin1985,Jobswasfiredfromthecompany.Jobswasshocked.Helosteverythingatonce.Hequicklyrealizedthathestilllovedwhathedid,andoverthenextfiveyears,hestartedtwohighlysuccessfulcompanies.NextandPixar.Jobsalsomethisfuturewife,Laurene.Jobswashappilymarriedwithafamily,workingforAppleagainandlivingeverydayasifitwerehislast.Paragraph1SteveJobswasfamousforstartingAppleCompany.Hebelievedthat__1__helpedhimachievesuccess.Paragraph2Jobs'adoptedparentsweresimpleworking-classpeople.They__2__thattheycouldonlyusetheirsavingsforJobs'collegeeducation.Paragraph3AquotationmadeJobsthinkabouthislifeandhisfuture.Aftersixmonthsofcollege,Jobsdidn'tthink__3__andhedecidedtoleavecollege.Paragraph4—5After4offiringfromApple,quicklyJobsrealizedhestilllovedwhathedidandstartedtwohighlysuccessfulcompanies.ConclusionAccordingtoJobs'story,ifwewanttoachievesuccess,weshouldmakearightdecision,dowhatwelove,nevergiveupand__5__.5.類型二補全句子型【解題策略】這種題型要求我們根據(jù)短文提供的語言信息，以填寫詞語的方式完成文后各題，所填寫的詞或詞組具有很高的概括性和準(zhǔn)確性。因此，我們必須認真閱讀材料，盡可能從短文中找到所要填寫的詞語或用其同義詞、近義詞或短語或反義詞語填空。一般情況下，這種題型都是原文的改寫，所以必須遵循原文的意思和表達表式，不能脫離作者的意思胡亂填空。A（2020貴陽中考）人物傳記CharlesDarwinwasascientistwhochangedourunderstandingofthenaturalworld.HeisknownastheFatherofModernBiology.Darwinspentallhislifestudyingnatureandmakingnotesaboutallthespecies（物種）hefound.Darwinwasbornin1809inEngland.Likemanygeniuseshedidn'tdowellatschoolandgotpoormarks.Hewasagoodathletethoughandlovedexploringnatureandcollectingseashells.Healsokeptdoingchemistryexperimentsandsohisclassmatesgavehimthenickname"Gas'.HisfatherwasadoctorandexpectedCharlestobecomeonetoo.CharlesstartedstudyingmedicineatEdinburghUniversity,butsoongaveuphisstudiesthere.HewentontostudyreligionatCambridgeUniversityinstead.Therehestartedcollectinginsectslikebeetlesandpaidtoolittleattentiontohisstudies.In1831,attheageof22,Darwinwentonafive-yearexpeditiontoSouthAmerica,AustraliaandSouthAfricabyship.Hewasoftenseasickbutthethingshesawonthislongjourneychangedhislife.Hecollectedmanyfossilsaswellasanimalandplantspecimens.Hespenttherestofhislifestudyingwhathehadseenandhewrotemanybooks.In1839,Darwinmarriedhiscousin,EmmaWedgwoodwithwhomhehadtenchildren!Hewasalovingfatherandenjoyedfamilylifewhichwasalwaysmoreimportanttohimthanhisresearch.Inspiteofhavingmanyhealthproblemsthroughouthislife,Darwinliveduntilhewas73.Darwin'smostfamousbookOntheOriginofSpeciescameoutin1859andsoldoutinaday.Itsaidthatalllivingthingswererelatedwhichmeantthathumanbeingswerejustanotherkindofanimal.TheseideaswerenotpopularatfirstbutnowmostpeopleagreewiththemandadmireDarwinasabrilliantscientist.Darwinwasaandhadgreatinterestsinexploringnaturethoughhewaswork.AtEdinburghUniversity,Darwinsoongaveuphisstudybecausehe..Darwincameupwithafterthelongjourney,andwhathesawontheway.Accordingtothearticle,Darwinlovedhisfamilyverymuchandhehad.Atfirst,Darwin'snewideasabouthumanbeings.B（2020銅仁中考）人物傳記WilliamShakespearewasbornin1564inEngland.Atschool,helikedwatchingplays.Hedecidedtobeanactorwhenhefinishedschoolattheageof14.At28,hemovedtoLondonandjoinedatheatercompanywhichopenedtheGlobeTheaterin1599.Hebecameanactorandhealsowroteplays.Heusuallyactedhisownplays.Hegotalmostnomoneyfromhiswriting.Buthemadealotofmoneyfromacting.Shakespearediedattheageof52.Heisafamouswriterintheworld.WilliamShakespearewasagreatwriterandan.WilliamShakespearelikedwatchingplayswhenhewasat.WilliamShakespearejoinedacompanywhenhewas28.WilliamShakespearedidn'tmakealotofmoneyfromhisbutacting.Shakespearediedin.C（2020貴陽中考）人生哲理What'sthemostimportantthingforyoutohaveinyourlife?Somebodymentionshard-work,otherssuggestknowledge,loveandluck.Ifyouarrangethe26Englishlettersalphabeticallyandusenumberstorepresenteachofthem,forexample,1fora,2forb,3forc…，youcanchangeanEnglishwordintoanumber.Sohard-workbecomes8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11=98,meaning98isitsmark;knowledge:11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5=96,whilelove:12+15+22+5=54,andluck:12+21+3+11=47,asmallmark.Noneofthesewordscangiveoneafullmark.Whataboutmoneyorprayer?Theycan't,either.Thenwhatelse?Don'tbeworried.Youcanalwaysfindananswertoaprobleminyourlife,whenyouchangeyourwayoflookingatthingsordoingthings,whichisyourattitude.Yes,attitudeistheword.Seeforyourself:attitude:1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100,afullmark!Differentattitudesleadtodifferentcoursesoflife.Mosttimespeoplehopeforabetterlife.Itispossiblethatonewillhaveachangeforthebetterafteronehaschangedone'sattitude.Whenyouchangeyourmannerandbecamefriendlytowardsothers,you'llmeetmoresmilingfacestowardsyou.Inthesameway,ifyoutakeapositiveattitudetowardsfailure,you'llfindit'salsorewardingthoughithascausedyoulosses.Somepeoplethinkitisimportanttohavehard-work,knowledge,intheirlife.Accordingtothepassage,themarkoftheword“moneyis.Fromthepassage,weknowit'spossibleforyouifyouchangeyourattitude.Peoplewillmeettowardsthemwhentheychangetheirmannersandbecomefriendlytoothers.．ThemainideaofthepassageisthatD（2020貴陽中考）經(jīng)濟熱點TheroutesForcenturies,theSilkRoadwasthemostimportantlineofcommunicationconnectingEastandWest.AlthoughtheSilkRoadcoveredahugedistancelinkingmoderndayXi'anwiththeMiddleEastandEurope,todayoneareainparticularisassociatedmostcloselywiththenameoftheSilkRoad.ThisareaisXinjianginNorthwestChina,throughwhichtwomajorroutesoftheSilkRoadpassedonthenorthernandsouthernsideoftheTaklamakandesert.ThenameTheSilkRoadgotitsnameinthe19thcenturywhenaGermangeographeridentifieditastheroutethroughwhichtheRomansgottheirsilkfromChina.Howeversilkwasn'ttheonlythingthatpassedalongtheSilkRoad;anythingthathadbuyerswastradedalongtheroad.Goodsweretradedfrommarkettomarketpassingthroughmanyhandsbeforetheyreachedtheirfinaldestinations.BuddhismTheSilkRoadwasnotjusttheroutethroughwhichgoodswerecarried.Itwasalsoimportantfortheexchangeofideas.BuddhismfromIndiaenteredChinaalongtheSilkRoadandhadahugeinfluenceonChineseculture.GreekartstyleswerepopularalongtheSilkRoadandgaveBuddhiststatuesinNorthernIndiaclassicalWesternfaces.ThesestylesfromNorthernIndiawerealsofoundinXinjiang.ThepeopleOneofChina'sfamousmonks,XuanZang,followedtheSilkRoadinthe6thcenturytocollectBuddhistscripturesfromIndia.Around600yearslater,oneofEurope'sfamoustravelers,MarcoPolo,enteredChinaalongtheSilkRoad.BothXuanZangandMarcoPololeftdetailedrecordsoftheirjourneysalongtheSilkRoad.TheSilkRoadtodayTodaytheXinjiangAutonomousRegionremainsaninternationalcrossroadwheretradersfromsurroundingcountriesandtouristsfromallovertheworldregularlymeet.Tradein