英語翻譯技巧第11節(jié)重復(fù)法

第十一節(jié)重復(fù)法重復(fù)法實(shí)際上也是一種增詞法，只不過所增加的詞是上文剛剛出現(xiàn)過的詞。翻譯和寫作一樣，本應(yīng)力求簡練，盡量省略一些可有可無的詞；但有時(shí)為了明確、強(qiáng)調(diào)或生動，也需要將一些關(guān)鍵性的詞加以重復(fù)。一．為了明確重復(fù)名詞重復(fù)英語中作賓語的名詞Thenextitemontheagendaistorevisesafetyandsanitaryregulations.Ihadexperiencedoxygenand/orenginetrouble.Theybegantostudyandanalyzethesituationoftheenemy.IhadlivedinChinamanyyearsandsawChinaincivilwarin1925-27,andlaterinwarwithJapan.議程的下一項(xiàng)目是修訂安全規(guī)則和衛(wèi)生規(guī)則。我曾碰到過，不是氧氣設(shè)備出故障，就是引擎出故障，或兩者都出故障。他們開始研究敵情，分析敵情。我曾在中國生活多年。我看到了1925年至1927年正在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的中國，后來又看到了同日本作戰(zhàn)的中國。重復(fù)英語中作表語的名詞Hebecameanoilmillionaire allbyhimself.Thishasbeenourposition---butnottheirs.Carolisyourfriendasmuchassheismine.IntheSovietUniontherehadbeennoradio,TV,orpressmentionofeitherAbel'sarrestorconviction.他成為一個(gè)石油大王一個(gè)白手起家的石油大王。這一直是我們的立場而不是他們的立場?？_既是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。對于艾貝爾的被俘或判刑，蘇聯(lián)既沒有電臺廣播，也沒有上電視節(jié)目，在報(bào)刊上也沒有發(fā)表。作業(yè)：Weshouldlearnhowtoanalyzeandsolveproblems.Itisourdutytorebuildanddefendourhomeland.Agoodfilmservestoeducateandinspirethepeople.Itwashewhofirstrepudiatedandbreachedtheunderstanding.Theywouldbeveryreluctanttopostponeorcancelthemeeting.重復(fù)英語介詞短語前所省略的名詞Thedoctorwillgetmorepracticeoutofmethanoutofseventeenordinarypatients.ThestoryofJurgisisastoryofgroansandtears,ofpoorblackpeopledestroyedbywhitecolonialists.Wesee,therefore,howthemodernbourgeoisieisitselftheproductofalongcourseofdevelopment,ofaseriesofrevolutionsinthemodesofproductionandofexchange.醫(yī)生從我身上得到的實(shí)踐，會比從十七個(gè)普通病人身上得到的實(shí)踐還多。尤吉斯的故事是一篇充滿呻吟和淚水的故事，是白人殖民主義者摧殘不幸的黑人的故事。由此可見，現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)階級本身是一個(gè)長期發(fā)展過程的產(chǎn)物，是生產(chǎn)方式和交換方式的一系列變革的產(chǎn)物。作業(yè)：Wecaughtaglimpseoftheleadinghorsesandofahorsemanvanishingthroughtherain.Theprisonersoftengotintoargumentwitheachotherorwiththeguards.Ignoranceisthemotheroffearaswellasofadmiration.Theuseofpoisongasisaclearviolationofinternationallaw---inparticularoftheGenevaConvention.Hebrokeallconnectionswithhispast,andwiththeoldsocietyineveryway.重復(fù)英語中作先行詞的名詞MayIextendmyheartiestcongratulationstothegreatChinesepeopleanditsCommunistParty,throughyou,fortheglowingsuccessofconstructingyourcountry,whichisnowinspiringtheworld.Theyhavestageddemonstrationsandsit-insanddistributedpetitionswhichinevitablyfindtheirwaytoforeigncorrespondentspostedinNewYork.Thelittleapprenticeinparticularlivedinterroroftheboss,whohadbornedownonhimsooftenandsohardthattherewaslittleleft.ThePresidentannounced,withobviousrelish,thathisplanetookofffrom“Shangri-la”,afairylandintheHimalayas.Allofthesearrangementswereapreludetotheball,thehoste'susltimatepurpose.Watercanbedecomposedbyenergy,acurrentofelectricity.讓我，通過您，表達(dá)我對偉大的中國人民和中國共產(chǎn)黨的最衷心祝賀！祝賀你們建設(shè)國家的輝煌勝利，這個(gè)勝利正在鼓舞著全世界。他們舉行了游行示威和靜坐，散發(fā)了請?jiān)笗?，而這些請?jiān)笗囟〞鞯今v紐約的外國記者手中。小學(xué)徒對老板尤其怕得要死，老板經(jīng)常整他，而且整得很重，簡直把他整慘了。這位總統(tǒng)洋洋得意地宣稱，他的飛機(jī)是從“香格里拉”起飛的，而“香格里拉”是喜馬拉雅山中的一個(gè)仙境。所有這些安排都只是這次舞會的序曲，舞會才是女主人的最終目的。水可由能量來分解，所謂能量也就是電流。重復(fù)動詞英語句子常用一個(gè)動詞連接幾個(gè)賓語或表語，在譯文中往往要重復(fù)這個(gè)動詞。Isheafriendoranenemy?Theblowhurtnotonlyhishandsbuthisshouldertoo.Foragoodtenminutes,Mothercursedmeandmybrother.ChairmanMaoisanactivist,aprimemover,anoriginatorandmasterofstrategyachievedbyalternatingsurprise,tensionandeasement.(EdgarSnow)Theycoveredthe19thcenturyforeigninterventioninChina,theRedArmy'sLongMarchinthemid-1930s,theFrenchandAmericanrevolutions.他是個(gè)朋友呢，還是個(gè)仇人？這一擊不僅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。足足有十分鐘之久，媽媽既罵我，又罵我的兄弟。毛主席是一位活動家，是原動力，是創(chuàng)始者，是交替運(yùn)用出其不意、緊張和松弛而取得成就的戰(zhàn)略大師。他們談到十九世紀(jì)外國對中國的干涉，談到紅軍在三十年代中期的長征，還談到法國革命和美國革命。英語句子中動詞后有介詞時(shí)，第二次第三次往往只用介詞而省略動詞，在譯文中則要重復(fù)動詞。Approachinggraduation,myroommatesandItalkedofourselves,ofourprospects,ofthejourney,oftheweather,ofbooks ofeverything.Onenight,hehadanicesleep,nolongerdreamedofstorms,norofgreatoccurrences,norofgreatsharks,norfight.Hesuppliedhisnovelsnotonlywithbiographiesofcharacters,butwiththeirportraits.Buthiswifekeptdinninginhisearsabouthisidleness,hiscarelessness,andtheruinhewasbringingonhisfamily.TheywantedtodetermineifhecompliedwiththetermsofhisemploymentandhisobligationsasanAmerican.臨近畢業(yè)，我和室友們談到自己，談到前途，談到旅程，談到天氣，談到書籍， 談到一切。一夜，他睡得很香，不再夢見風(fēng)暴，不再夢見驚人的遭遇，也不再夢見大鯊魚和搏斗。他不僅在他的小說中提供人物傳記，而且還提供人物畫像?？墒撬掀挪粩嗟卦谒溥厙Z叨個(gè)沒完，說他懶惰，說他粗心，并且說一家人都要?dú)г谒砩稀Ｋ麄兿胍_定，他是否履行了受雇條件，是否履行了作為美國公民所應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)。作業(yè)：Doingmathexercisesrequirescareand,fordifficultproblems,greatexperience.Theywerestartingfromscratchandneededmen,guns,training.Theministerspokeoftheriseofcharityandpopulareducation,andparticularlyofthespreadofwork.Justasgrammardealswiththestructureoflanguage,EnglishgrammardealswiththestructureofEnglish,FrenchgrammarwiththestructureofFrench,etc.Theyhadpreparedforthiscampaignascarefullyastheyhadforlargerones.Hewantedtosendthemmoreaid,moreweaponsandafewmoremen.重復(fù)代詞英語中用代詞的地方，翻譯時(shí)可按漢語習(xí)慣重復(fù)其所代替的名詞。Jesseopenedhiseyes.Theywerefilledwithtears.InChina,they“mademistakes”,sufferedbythem,acknowledgedandstudiedthem,thusplannedvictory.Heacceptedfailure;hehadconquereditallhislife,andrisenaboveit.Hischangewasthatofakeymaninthekeypost---somethingthatsymbolizedthegradualtransformationoftheotherparticipants.杰西睜開眼睛，眼里充滿了淚水。在中國，他們“犯過錯(cuò)誤”，吃過錯(cuò)誤的虧，承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，研究錯(cuò)誤，從而制定了勝利的方針。他接受失敗，他一生中曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗，超越失敗。他的轉(zhuǎn)變是一個(gè)把守重要關(guān)口的關(guān)鍵人物的轉(zhuǎn)變，他的轉(zhuǎn)變象征著其他參與者也在逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變。英語中用物主代詞its,his,their時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)可以用名詞，以達(dá)到明確具體的目的。Happyfamiliesalsohadtheirowntroubles.Bigpowershavetheirstrategieswhilesmallcountriesalsohavetheirownlines.Eachcountryhasitsowncustoms.幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦惱。強(qiáng)國有強(qiáng)國的策略，小國也有小國的路線。各國有各國的風(fēng)俗。3英語中強(qiáng)勢關(guān)系代詞或副詞whoever,whenever,whereve等r，翻譯時(shí)往往用重復(fù)法。Whoeverviolatesthetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.Whereversevereoppressionexisted,therewouldberevolution.Cometomyofficeandhaveatalkwithmewheneveryouarefree.Youmayborrowwhichevernovelinmybookcaseyoulikebest.誰違反了交通規(guī)則，誰就應(yīng)該受到懲罰。哪里有殘酷的壓迫，哪里就有革命。你什么時(shí)候有空，就什么時(shí)候到我辦公室來談一談。我書架上的小說你最喜愛哪一本，你就可以借哪一本。作業(yè)：Ignoringaproblemdoesnotsolveit.Smithseemedillateasewithpower,whileBallsoughtit.Butthereareclues,andtheyseemtoconfirmmyearliersuspicion.Bigfamilieshadtheirowndifficulties.Eachpersonhadhisownbusinesstohandle.Whoeverworkshardwillberespected.其它：Tohim,thebirdssang,thesquirrelchatteredandtheflowersbloomed.Hewasproficientbothasaflyerandasanavigator.鳥兒向他歌唱，松鼠對他嘰咕，花兒也為他開放。他既精于飛行，又善于導(dǎo)航。二、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，英語句子中往往重復(fù)關(guān)鍵詞，翻譯時(shí)也可重復(fù)。用同樣的漢語詞重復(fù)用漢語的同義詞、近義詞重復(fù)(一)用同樣的漢語詞重復(fù)Eyeforeye,toothfortooth.Outofsight,outofmind.Bloodmustatoneforblood.Hewanderedaboutinthechillrain,thinkingandthinking,broodingandbrooding.Gentlemenmaycrypeace,peace---butthereisnopeace.Obviousamongthemostobviousbooksuponthemostobviousshelfwereseriesofsplendidlyboundvolumesentitled“Luxun'sWorks.”Theyhadtostandoutofthehospital,watchingmegoin,comeout,comeout,goin.Hedemandedtotalloyalty,notloyaltyinthetraditionalsense,notordinaryloyalty,buttotalloyalty,notjusttoofficeorparty,orconcept,butloyaltyfirstandforemosttoLyndonJohnson.1)以眼還眼，以牙還牙。2)眼不見，心不煩。血債要用血來還。他在凄雨中蕩來蕩去，想了又想，盤算了又盤算。先生們可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然沒有和平。在那個(gè)最顯眼的書架上最顯眼的書籍中顯眼的幾卷就是精裝的名叫《魯迅全集》的一套書。他們站在醫(yī)院外面，看我進(jìn)去出來，出來進(jìn)去。他要求的是絕對忠誠，不是傳統(tǒng)意義的忠誠，也不是一般的忠誠，而是絕對的忠誠，不只是對職務(wù)、政黨或觀念的忠誠，而是首先對林登?約翰遜的忠誠。作業(yè)：Itisimpossibletoliveinsocietyandbeindependentofsociety.Thistownisasmalltown,lookingmuchlikeothertownsofitssize,butfewtownsenjoysomanynaturaladvantages.Ifoncemoralityislost,allislost.Yearafteryearandcenturyaftercenturythemoongoesthroughitscycles.(二)用漢語的同義詞、近義詞重復(fù)Theyoftenreadandre-readthesecretnotes.IknowyouhatemeandIhateyou,wehadbetterpartrightnow.Everychangeofseason,everychangeofweather,everyhourofthedayproducessomechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapeofthesemountains;andtheyareregardedbyallgoodwives,farandnear,asperfectbarometers.他們常常一遍又一遍地反復(fù)琢磨這些密信。我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，咱們最好馬上就分手吧。季節(jié)的每一更迭，氣候的每一轉(zhuǎn)變，乃至一天中的每一小時(shí)，都給這些山巒的奇幻色彩和形態(tài)帶來變化，遠(yuǎn)近的主婦們都把這些改變看作是準(zhǔn)確的晴雨表。作業(yè)：Easycome,easygo.Nopains,nogains.DuringtheirstayinBeijing,theyvisitedsomeoldfriendsoftheirs,visitedBeijingUniversityandvisitedtheGreatWall.Beforemarriageshelovedgivingorderstoherboyfriend,butaftermarriage,helovedgivingorderstoher.Heateupeverythingathome.Theymightverywellbepreparinganattackagainstthecountry,hencetheyarebuildingupnotonlysizeabletroops,butalotofmissiles,planes,andtanksalongtheborderofthecountry.三．為了生動（一）運(yùn)用兩個(gè)四字詞組，使文字生動活潑，有節(jié)奏感Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.ThestreetswereoverrunbyHitler'sbullies.Theyestablishedtargetprioritiesatthatmeeting..但我的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)搞得滿城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知了。那時(shí)希特勒的暴徒在街上橫行霸道，無惡不作。他們在那個(gè)會議上決定了目標(biāo)的輕重緩急，孰先孰后。作業(yè)：Heshowedhimselfcalminanyemergencysituation.Thequestionswereevidentlyunexpectedtotheslow-wittedspokesman,whoinstantlyfoundhimselftongue-tied.Withmylasthopefrustrated,Islippedintoadeepdepression.（二）運(yùn)用詞的重迭Ihadbeencompletelyhonestinmyreplies,withholdingnothing.Hischildren,too,wereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.Onlyaveryslightandveryscatteringripplesofhalf-heartedhand-clappinggreetedhim.Withhistardiness,carelessnessandappallinggoodhumor,weweresoreperplexed.我的回答完全是坦坦蕩蕩，直言無隱。他的孩子們，也是穿得破破爛爛，粗野不堪，就象沒有父母似的。歡迎他的只有幾下輕輕的、零零落落、冷冷談?wù)劦恼坡?。他老是磨磨蹭蹭、馬馬虎虎，脾氣又好得驚人，我們都對他毫無辦法。作業(yè)：Thetoastswereflat.Iwasn'tevasiveinm