城市景觀設(shè)計(jì)綜述

城市景觀設(shè)計(jì)綜述Themoderncitylandscapedesign現(xiàn)代城市景觀設(shè)計(jì)PrefaceLandscapedesignisanintegralpartofurbandesign,butalsothefaceofacity,oneofthedecisivefactors.Landscapedesignisquiteextensive,includingadealwiththecityspace,theuseofthecharacteristicsoftheoriginalsite, andcontactbetweenthesurroundingenvironment,plaza,pedestrianstreetlayout,streetshortaswellassettingssuchasmunicipalfacilities,bothwithregardtofunction,italsoinvolvesthevisualandpsychologicalproblems.Theconceptoftraditionallandscapedesigntogreen-oriented,withthecity'smodernizationandtheurbanpopulationofthesubstantialincreaseinthefunctionalrequirementsofthelandscapeisbecomingmoreprominent,atthesametimealsocalledforamoreaestheticenrichmentanddiversificationoftownsolarge-scaleuseofhardlandscape,inordertoeffectivelysolvetheproblem.引言景觀設(shè)計(jì)是城市設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)重要組成部分，也是一個(gè)城市的面貌，一個(gè)決定性的因素。景觀設(shè)計(jì)是相當(dāng)廣泛的，包括與城市空間的處理，原廠址的使用特點(diǎn)，并與周圍環(huán)境之間，廣場(chǎng)、步行街的布局，街道短以及設(shè)置等市政設(shè)施，這兩方面的功能，它還涉及到的視覺和心理問題。傳統(tǒng)的景觀設(shè)計(jì)，綠色為導(dǎo)向的概念，與城市的現(xiàn)代化和景觀的功能需求大量增加，城市人口日益突出，同時(shí)也呼吁更多的審美的豐富和多樣化的城市大規(guī)模使用的硬質(zhì)景觀，為了有效地解決問題。1.Articleinthecityconstituteahardonthebasicelementsoflandscape,suchaspaving,steps,sculpturepiecesandsoon,throughadetailedtheoreticalintroduction,descriptionofspecificcharacteristicsoftheseelements,theuseof,andconstitutetheroleoftheurbanlandscape,image,vividrichandinstructivereferencefornowtocarryoutlarge-scaleconstructionofthecityhasapositivemeaning..在市文組成硬質(zhì)景觀的基本要素，如鋪路，步驟，雕塑小品等，通過(guò)詳細(xì)的理論介紹，這些要素的具體特點(diǎn)的描述，使用，構(gòu)成了城市景觀，角色形象，生動(dòng)豐富和有意義的參考現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的城市建設(shè)有著積極的意義。Theconstituentelementsoftheurbanlandscape2.城市景觀的構(gòu)成要素2.1SURFACES2.1面Naturalenvironmentfromtheground,inthecitythegroundisalwaystheneedtododealwithrigidpavement.Inadditiontomeettherequiredhigh-frequency,high-intensityuseoffunctions,butalsobecausethepavementisthecreationofacity,oneofthebasicelementsoflandscape.Throughtheuseofdifferentpavementmaterials,canbedividedintodifferentusesofthegroundtodefinethedifferentcharacteristicsofthespace,youcanidentifythewayforward,suggestingthatthespeedandrhythmoftour,atthesametimethroughthepavementdesignchanges,butalsotocreatevisualinterest,constituteaspacepersonality.從地面的自然環(huán)境，在城市地面總是需要與剛性路面做交易。除了滿足所需的高頻，高強(qiáng)度的使用功能，還因?yàn)槁访媸莿?chuàng)造一個(gè)城市，一個(gè)景觀的基本要素。通過(guò)對(duì)不同路面材料的使用，可以分為地面不同的用途來(lái)定義的空間的不同特性,你可以確定前進(jìn)的方向，這表明速度和節(jié)奏的旅游，同時(shí)通過(guò)路面設(shè)計(jì)的變化，而且還創(chuàng)造視覺趣味，構(gòu)成空間個(gè)性。Designedtodothegroundpavementatthetime,needtoconsiderthefollowingfactors:Firstofall,shouldbeguidedbytheprincipleofaunifiedwhole.Whetheritisthechoiceofpavementmaterials,pavementdesign,ordesign,andotherlandscapeelementsshouldbeconsideredsimultaneouslyinordertoensurethatthepavementonthegroundintermsofvisionorfunctionhavebeenunifiedintoawhole.Changerandompavementmaterialsanddesigns,willonlyaddtothechaoticsenseofspace,soaspecificpurposeintheabsenceofcircumstances,cannottransformthepavementadjacenttotheformofmaterialsandcolor.Thesecondissecurity.Functionshouldensurethatpavementstrengthrequirementsnecessarytoensuresurfacingbothindryorwetconditionsarethesameanti-skidandavoidtheriskofpedestrianhappen.Thethirdistheappearance,includingcolor,scaleandtexture.Colorsdonotwanttodoisboreneitherbleaknorcleartothetacky.Changethecolorortexture,aslongasthefunctiontoreflectthedifferencecanbeusedat.Scaleconsiderationswillaffectthechoiceofcolorandtexture,aswellasthedesignof拼縫.Roadblocksize,colorandtextureandsoon,andthevenueshouldhavetherightrelationshipbetweenscale,whichisanimportantpoint.設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)做地面，需要考慮以下因素：首先，應(yīng)通過(guò)一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的整體原則為指導(dǎo)。無(wú)論是選擇路面材料，路面設(shè)計(jì)，或設(shè)計(jì)，和其他景觀要素應(yīng)同時(shí)考慮，以保證在視覺或功能上地面的路面被統(tǒng)一成一個(gè)整體。變化隨機(jī)路面材料和設(shè)計(jì)，只會(huì)增加混亂的空間感，所以在缺席的情況下，一個(gè)特定的目的，可以不改變相鄰的材料和顏色的形成路面。二是安全的。函數(shù)應(yīng)該確保路面強(qiáng)度的要求，有必要確保堆焊在干燥或潮濕的條件下是相同的防滑和避免風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)生的行人。第三是外觀，包括顏色，紋理和規(guī)模。顏色不想做的就是沒有也沒有明確的俗氣的凄涼。改變顏色或紋理，只要函數(shù)反映的差異可以用在。規(guī)模因素將影響顏色和質(zhì)地的選擇，以及拼縫設(shè)計(jì)。路塊大小，顏色和紋理等，與場(chǎng)地之間應(yīng)該有規(guī)模的正確的關(guān)系，這一點(diǎn)很重要。Alotofgroundsurfacingmaterials,primarilyasphalt,concrete,tile,naturalstone,gravel,etc.,canbemadeinaccordancewiththerequirementsofthedifferentselection.Asphaltsurfaceandlowcost,easyconstruction,commonlyusedinthedriveway,sidewalks,roadpavementparking.Coloroftheuseofasphaltpavementcanalsochangethemonotonyofthelandscape.Concretepavementduetoitslowcostandapplicabilityofastrongandwidelyused.Cast-in-placeconcretepavingsettingsattentionshouldbepaidtoexpansionjoints,andconcreteblockpavementismoreflexible.Thecolorfultilesurface,patternandshapeofthedegreeoffreedom,andeasytocreateacheerful,gorgeousatmosphere.Commonlyusedinpublicfacilitiesintheentranceplaza,walkways,shoppingmallsandotherplacesoftheroadpavement.Naturalstonematerials,especiallygranitepaving,canoftencreateasolemn,calmatmosphere,mostimportantforthecitylots.Inordertoavoidlarge-scalerigidpavementcausedbyenvironmentalproblems,atthepossibleconditions,canalsobecombinedwithgreen,forminggrasspavementinlay.大量的地面鋪裝材料，主要是瀝青、混凝土、磚、天然石、碎石等，可以與不同的選擇要求為依據(jù)。瀝青表面和成本低，施工方便，常用的車道，人行道，道路路面停車。對(duì)瀝青路面使用的顏色也改變了景觀的單調(diào)。混凝土路面由于其低成本和一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的和廣泛使用的適用性?，F(xiàn)澆混凝土鋪裝設(shè)置注意鑄造應(yīng)注意伸縮縫，和混凝土塊路面更靈活。彩色瓷磚表面，自由度的圖案和形狀，和容易地創(chuàng)建一個(gè)開朗，華麗的氣氛。常用的公共設(shè)施的入口廣場(chǎng)，人行道，購(gòu)物中心和其他地方的路面。天然石材，特別是花崗巖鋪路，往往能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)莊嚴(yán)的，平靜的氣氛，為城市最重要的地段。為了避免大規(guī)模剛性路面由環(huán)境問題造成的，在可能的條件下，也可以結(jié)合綠色，形成嵌草路面。2.2level,andcurbramp2.2水平和緣石坡道Spaceinurbanenvironment,naturalcausesorbecauseofthevariousfunctionsrequired,usuallytochangethefloorheightchanges,andchangesinfloorheightalsotendtoproducearichandbeautifullandscapeofthecity.Oneofchangingthefloorthereisahighleveloflandscapedesign,andgeo-stoneramp.在城市環(huán)境中的空間，或因自然原因所需的各種功能，通常的樓層高度的變化而變化， 并在地面高度的變化也會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)城市的豐富和美麗的風(fēng)景。一個(gè)變化的地板上有一個(gè)高層次的景觀設(shè)計(jì)，和地理石斜Stepsandthemainfunctionoftherampistomakepedestriansfromahighfloortoanotherfloorheight,butatthesametimethesitehashighlightedthegreatpotentialofenvironmentalcharacteristics.Whenthelevelisdesignedtonarrowandtouchestheheart,sometimesthereisawidesenseofgrandeurcanbeclosedandmysterious,youcanopenandcontinuous.The)willgraduallyspectacular,dramaticwaytoinduceperceptionofpedestrianarrivalmeansanexcellentclimax.斜坡的步驟和主要功能是從一個(gè)高的樓一層高度使行人，但同時(shí)網(wǎng)站突出了環(huán)境特征的巨大潛力。當(dāng)水平的目的是縮小和觸動(dòng)心靈， 有時(shí)有一個(gè)寬的莊嚴(yán)感可以關(guān)閉和神秘，你可以打開和連續(xù)。他們將逐步壯觀，導(dǎo)致行人到達(dá)知覺戲劇性的方式意味著一個(gè)很好的高潮。Stoneisakindofgeopoliticalensurethesafetyofpedestrians,trafficguidance,soilandwater,theprotectionofplant,aswellasthedistinctionbetweenroadpavementandsetboundariesinthedrivewayandsidewalk,theroadandthegreenboundaries,thedifferentpavementsurface,suchasthelocationoftheboundarystructures.Stoneroad,manydifferenttypesoffate,thereispre-castconcrete,brick,naturalstoneandsoon,modelingisalsoveryrich.石是一種地緣政治保證行人安全，交通誘導(dǎo)、土壤和水、植物保護(hù)，以及路面和車道和人行道設(shè)置邊界之間的區(qū)別，道路和綠色邊界、不同的路面如邊界結(jié)構(gòu)的位置。石板路，許多不同類型的命運(yùn)，有預(yù)制混凝土、磚、天然石材等，造型也很豐富。2.3SculpturePieces2.3雕塑小品Sculptureisanimportantelementoftheurbanlandscape,whichwithitsrichmodelinglanguage,toconveythoughtsandfeelingsareunique.Sculptureandtheurbanenvironmentofthegeographiclandscape,gardenlandscapeandthelandscapearchitectureofmutualinfiltrationandoftenconstitutethecharacteristicsofthecityorcommunitysigns.Thetypeoftownalotofsculpture,whichbelongtoaclassofshort-typesculptures,mostofitssubjectmattertopeople'slifestylesandanimalandplant-based,payattentiontoreflectthecharacteristicsoffolkcustomsandplaces.Sculptureinordertoachieveharmonywiththeenvironmentshouldbeintheplanning,design,productionandotheraspectsofseriousconsideration.Thefirstisthelayout:thelocationofsculptureandarchitecturewiththesurroundingnaturalenvironmentisinharmony,compositionatthelandscapeinwhichthestatusofthelocationofsculptureandtherelationshipbetweenroadtraffic.Thesecondismodeling:modelinghowsculptureoccupiesspaceappropriateandwhatform"language"toattractpassers-visualandpsychologicalimpactoftheirviewing.Third,bodymassscale:inparticulartypesofsmall-scalesculpture,withtheviewtomaintaincordialrelations.雕塑是城市景觀的重要元素，它以其豐富的建模語(yǔ)言，傳達(dá)思想感情是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。雕塑與城市環(huán)境的地理景觀，園林景觀和相互滲透的景觀建筑往往構(gòu)成特征的城市或社區(qū)的跡象。大量的城市雕塑的類型，屬于一類短型的雕塑，它的大部分題材的人們的生活方式和生活的動(dòng)物和植物，注意反映民間習(xí)俗與場(chǎng)所的特點(diǎn)。以雕塑與環(huán)境達(dá)到和諧應(yīng)在規(guī)劃，設(shè)計(jì)，生產(chǎn)和認(rèn)真考慮的其他方面。首先是布局：與周圍的自然環(huán)境雕塑與建筑的位置是在和諧中，構(gòu)成在景觀中，雕塑的位置和道路交通狀況之間的關(guān)系。二是建模：建模如何雕塑占據(jù)空間，適當(dāng)?shù)暮褪裁葱问降摹罢Z(yǔ)言”來(lái)吸引人的視覺和心理影響的觀察。第三，體重秤：在小型雕塑的特殊類型，以保持良好的關(guān)系。Theformofsculptureisusuallydividedintotwocategories,aswiththeabstract.Becauseofthesculptureasadirectacceptanceforpeople,theyareoftenmorethananabstractsculpture,butmanyexcellentimageofanabstractsculpturesculptureasmorethananimage,moregenerally,amoreconcise,moretypical,and,therefore,moreinteresting,peoplelostinhair.Traditionalsculptureinstone,copper-basedmaterials,butthedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnologyforthesculptureprovidesameanstoenrichthemodelwithadynamicarts,asthemagicarts,electronicart,artlightingandsoundperformanceofthenovelartsculpturebettermeettheneedsofpeopleatdifferentlevelstoenjoythearts.雕塑的形式通常分為兩大類與摘要。由于雕塑是人們直接接受，他們往往不止一個(gè)抽象雕塑，但許多優(yōu)良形象抽象雕塑的不僅僅是一個(gè)圖像，更普遍、更簡(jiǎn)潔、更典型。因此，更有趣的是失去了頭發(fā)的人。傳統(tǒng)的雕刻在石、銅基材料,但現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展為雕塑和技術(shù)提供了一種具有動(dòng)態(tài)藝術(shù)豐富的模型，為神奇的藝術(shù)、電子藝術(shù)、藝術(shù)照明和小說(shuō)的藝術(shù)雕塑，更好地滿足人民的需要，在不同層次的享受藝術(shù)的聲音表現(xiàn)。Conclusion3.結(jié)論Designedinamodernurbanlandscapeofthecourse,itisnecessarytofullyfromascientificpointofviewofthestatusoftheurbanenvironment.Wantacomprehensiveunderstandingofthescientificlandscapedesignelementsofcitypropertyandothercharacteristicsofnaturalandurbanecologicalbalancemechanism,theuseofmodernarttheoryandcreativewaytocreateahigherthanthatderivedfromthenaturallandscapeofthecitytomeettheaestheticneedsofpeople.在一個(gè)現(xiàn)代城市景觀設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中，要充分從科學(xué)的城市環(huán)境的現(xiàn)狀出發(fā)。要全面理解科學(xué)的景觀設(shè)計(jì)要素的城市性質(zhì)和城市與自然生態(tài)平衡機(jī)制的特點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)理論和創(chuàng)造性的方式來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)高于來(lái)自城市的自然景觀得到滿足人們的審美需求。However,alotofcitiesinthemodernlandscapedesignsimilartoaveryserioussituation,andthereisalsoacityisnotinaccordancewiththenaturalconditionsoftheorig