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Para.Development:Para.Development:1CollegeclassesThosestudentsenjoyThosestudentstolerateThosestudentsdislikeTheoreticalPracticalCriterion:Students’attitudestowardclassesCriterion:functionCollegeclassesThosestudents2TestsTests3TestPreparationDoyoupreparethem:A.FromthebeginningofthesemesterB.AmonthbeforethetestC.AweekbeforethetestD.AdaybeforethetestTestPreparationDoyouprepare4Sample:Thedaythetestisannouncedtoapproximately48hoursbeforethedreadedexamispassedout.TimeName“Noproblem”carefree,smilingandenjoyinglifeasusualAnassured“Noproblem”NoactualstudyingStudent’sreactionPhase1Sample:Thedaythetestisan52dayspriortothetestTimeName“Tomorrow”student’sreply“I’llstudytomorrow”NoactualstudyingStudent’sreactionPhase22dayspriortothetestTimeNa612hoursbefore“zerohour”TimeName“Shock”Sweatypalms,nervoustwitches,andconfusedmentalpatternsUnabletosleepandwillmumblemeaninglessphrasesStudent’sreactionPhase312hoursbefore“zerohour”Tim7SportsSports8Division:StudentswhogototheplaygroundwhentheyfeeltiredafterstudyRealsportsloverswhoevenputasidetheirstudiesforagameStudentswhowantbeautyfromsportsWhydoyoudosports?Subject:StudentsinourschoolDivision:Whydoyoudosports?9Texts:Therearethreekindsofbookowners.Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbest-sellers—unread,untouched.(Thisdeludedindividualownswoodpulpandink,notbook.)Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks—afewofthemreadthrough,mostofthemdippedinto,butallofthemascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought.(Thispersonwouldprobablyliketomakebookshisown,butisrestrainedbyafalserespectfortheirphysicalappearance.)Thethirdhasafewbooksormany—everyoneofthemdog-earedanddilapidated,shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse,markedandscribbledinfromfronttoback.(Thismanownsbooks.)Texts:10

Whenpeopleask,“what’syourbloodtype?”theyarereferringtotheABOsystemforclassifyinghumanblood.Accordingtothissystem,therearefourspecificbloodtypes:A,B,AB,andO.PeoplewithbloodtypeAcarrywhat’sknownasantigen(抗原)Aintheirredbloodcellsandantibodybintheirplasma(血漿).

PeoplewithbloodtypeBcarryantigenBandantibodya.PeoplewithbloodtypeABcarrybothantigenAandantigenB,butneitheroftheantibodies.ThosewithbloodtypeOhavebothantibodies,butneitherantigen.Allthismaysoundconfusing,butcategorizingbloodbytheABOsystemhassavednumerouslives.Thereasonisthatcertainantigensandantibodiesareincompatible.Iftheyaremixedtogetherduringabloodtransfusion,theresultcanbeablockedvesselthatprovesfataltothetransfusionrecipient.

Whenpeopleask,“wha11ThePatternforaParagraphofClassificationconcludingsentencebodytopicsentence1.Haveaclearsubject2.Indicatethenumberofcategories1.Explainseachcategoryinalogicalorder2.Order—timesequence;importance;lessspecifictomorespecific,etc.1.Bringreader’sattentionbacktothetopic2.SometimesomittedThePatternforaParagraphof12RelatedExpressionsThreedifferentkindsofThefirstThenextThethirdRelatedExpressionsThreediffe13MoreexpressionsBeclassifiedinto…accordingto…BegroupedintoBedividedintoBecategorizedinto…fitintothefollowingcategories…fallintothefollowinggroupsTherearevarious/differentkindsof…MoreexpressionsBeclassified14Howtoclassifyaterm

ParallelismE.g.classifytypesofsports：Trackandfieldevents;Swimming;Tennis;Ballgames;Gymnastics;Jumping;Howtoclassifyaterm

Paralle15PrinciplesofClassification1.Selectoneappropriateprinciple,sticktoitwithinthewholeparagraph.2.Makesurethecategoriesareexclusive,nooverlapping.3.DonotomitanyimportantcategoriesConsistentExclusiveCompletePrinciplesofClassification1.16SamplePractice1Topic:

UniversityStudents’Entertainment

Topicsentence:

Division:

Universitystudents’entertainmentcanbedividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtowhereittakesplace.a)entertainmentathomeb)entertainmentoncampusc)entertainmentelsewhere

SamplePractice1Topic:Univer17SamplePractice2Topic:

Rolesofyoungmarriedwomeninsociety

Topicsentence:

Division:

Theaverageyoungmarriedwomanintoday’ssocietyhasherlifedividedintothreedifferentroles.a)Theroleofwifeb)Theroleofmotherc)TheroleofselfSamplePractice2Topic:Roles18SamplePractice3Topic:

Neighbors

Topicsentence:

Division:Neighborsfallintothreecategoriesaccordingtotheirdifferentattitudestowardsyou.a)Thosewhoarefriendlyb)Thosewhoareindifferentc)Thosewhohateyou

SamplePractice3Topic:Neighb19In-ClassTaskChooseoneofthetopicsandwriteaparagraphofclassification.P97,Assignment7-2In-ClassTaskChooseoneof20Para.Development:Para.Development:21CollegeclassesThosestudentsenjoyThosestudentstolerateThosestudentsdislikeTheoreticalPracticalCriterion:Students’attitudestowardclassesCriterion:functionCollegeclassesThosestudents22TestsTests23TestPreparationDoyoupreparethem:A.FromthebeginningofthesemesterB.AmonthbeforethetestC.AweekbeforethetestD.AdaybeforethetestTestPreparationDoyouprepare24Sample:Thedaythetestisannouncedtoapproximately48hoursbeforethedreadedexamispassedout.TimeName“Noproblem”carefree,smilingandenjoyinglifeasusualAnassured“Noproblem”NoactualstudyingStudent’sreactionPhase1Sample:Thedaythetestisan252dayspriortothetestTimeName“Tomorrow”student’sreply“I’llstudytomorrow”NoactualstudyingStudent’sreactionPhase22dayspriortothetestTimeNa2612hoursbefore“zerohour”TimeName“Shock”Sweatypalms,nervoustwitches,andconfusedmentalpatternsUnabletosleepandwillmumblemeaninglessphrasesStudent’sreactionPhase312hoursbefore“zerohour”Tim27SportsSports28Division:StudentswhogototheplaygroundwhentheyfeeltiredafterstudyRealsportsloverswhoevenputasidetheirstudiesforagameStudentswhowantbeautyfromsportsWhydoyoudosports?Subject:StudentsinourschoolDivision:Whydoyoudosports?29Texts:Therearethreekindsofbookowners.Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbest-sellers—unread,untouched.(Thisdeludedindividualownswoodpulpandink,notbook.)Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks—afewofthemreadthrough,mostofthemdippedinto,butallofthemascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought.(Thispersonwouldprobablyliketomakebookshisown,butisrestrainedbyafalserespectfortheirphysicalappearance.)Thethirdhasafewbooksormany—everyoneofthemdog-earedanddilapidated,shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse,markedandscribbledinfromfronttoback.(Thismanownsbooks.)Texts:30

Whenpeopleask,“what’syourbloodtype?”theyarereferringtotheABOsystemforclassifyinghumanblood.Accordingtothissystem,therearefourspecificbloodtypes:A,B,AB,andO.PeoplewithbloodtypeAcarrywhat’sknownasantigen(抗原)Aintheirredbloodcellsandantibodybintheirplasma(血漿).

PeoplewithbloodtypeBcarryantigenBandantibodya.PeoplewithbloodtypeABcarrybothantigenAandantigenB,butneitheroftheantibodies.ThosewithbloodtypeOhavebothantibodies,butneitherantigen.Allthismaysoundconfusing,butcategorizingbloodbytheABOsystemhassavednumerouslives.Thereasonisthatcertainantigensandantibodiesareincompatible.Iftheyaremixedtogetherduringabloodtransfusion,theresultcanbeablockedvesselthatprovesfataltothetransfusionrecipient.

Whenpeopleask,“wha31ThePatternforaParagraphofClassificationconcludingsentencebodytopicsentence1.Haveaclearsubject2.Indicatethenumberofcategories1.Explainseachcategoryinalogicalorder2.Order—timesequence;importance;lessspecifictomorespecific,etc.1.Bringreader’sattentionbacktothetopic2.SometimesomittedThePatternforaParagraphof32RelatedExpressionsThreedifferentkindsofThefirstThenextThethirdRelatedExpressionsThreediffe33MoreexpressionsBeclassifiedinto…accordingto…BegroupedintoBedividedintoBecategorizedinto…fitintothefollowingcategories…fallintothefollowinggroupsTherearevarious/differentkindsof…MoreexpressionsBeclassified34Howtoclassifyaterm

ParallelismE.g.classifytypesofsports：Trackandfieldevents;Swimming;Tennis;Ballgames;Gymnastics;Jumping;Howtoclassifyaterm

Paralle35PrinciplesofClassification1.Selectoneappropriateprinciple,sticktoitwithinthewholeparagraph.2.Makesurethecategoriesareexclusive,nooverlapping.3.DonotomitanyimportantcategoriesConsistentExclusiveCompletePrinciplesofClassification1.36

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