職稱英語考試《衛(wèi)生類》模擬試題及答案0511-11

職稱英語考試《衛(wèi)生類》模擬試題及答案0511-111、HappyMarriage,HappyHeartHappilymarriedpeoplehavelowerbloodpressurethanunhappilymarriedpeopleorsingles,aBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.Ontheotherhand,evenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslateintoabloodpressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappilymarriedpeople,accordingtothestudy."Thereseemstobesomeuniquehealthbenefitsfrommarriage.It'snotjustbeingnamedthatbenefitshealth-what'sreallythemostprotectiveofhealthishavingahappymarriage,"studyauthorJulianneHoltLunstad,apsychologistwhospecializesinrelationshipsandhealth,saidinapreparedstatement.Thestudyincluded204marriedand99singleadultswhoworeportableblood-pressuremonitorsfor24hours.Themonitorsrecordedbloodpressureatrandomintervalsandprovidedatotalofabout72readings."Wewantedtocaptureparticipants'bloodpressuredoingwhatevertheynormally____ineverydaylife.Gettingoneortworeadingsinaclinicisnotreallyrepresentativeofthefluctuations(波動)thatoccurthroughouttheday,"HoltLunstadsaid.Overall,happilymarriedpeoplescoredfourpointsloweronthebloodpressurereadingsthansingleadults.Thestudyalsofoundthatbloodpressureamongmarriedpeople,especiallythoseinhappymarriagesdroppedmoreduringsleepthaninsinglepeople."Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhosebloodpressureremainshighthroughoutthenightareatmuchgreaterriskofheartdiseasethanpeoplewhosebloodpressuredrops,"HoltLunstadsaid.ThestudywaspublishedintheMarch20issueofthejournalAnnals(年刊)ofBehavioralMedicine.Thestudyalsofoundthatunhappilymarriedadultshavehigherbloodpressurethanbothhappilymarriedandsingleadults.HoltLunstadnotedthatmarriedcouplescanencouragehealthyhabitsinoneanother,suchaseatingahealthydietandhavingregulardoctorvisits.Peopleinhappymarriagesalsohaveasourceofemotionalsupport,shesaid.【單選題】A.takeB.doC.makeD.want正確答案:B答案解析:本題難度不大，考查詞義辨析。文章此處是說“……不管測試者每天都做什么”，很明顯，要用動詞do，答案是B。2、Cancer1.Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells,thebody'sbasicbuildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normally,cellsgrowanddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy.Sometimes,thisorderlyprocessgoeswrong.Newcellsformwhenthebodydoesnotneedthem,andoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor(腫瘤).Benign(良性的)tumorsarenotcancer.Theycanoftenberemovedand,inmostcases,theydonotcomeback.Malignant(惡性的)tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.2.Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygenechangesthatleadtocanceraretheresultoftobaccouse,diet,exposuretoultraviolet(紫外線的)radiationfromthesun,orexposuretocarcinogens(致癥物)intheworkplaceorintheenvironment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.3.Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery,radiationtherapy,chemotherapy(化療),hormonetherapy,andbiologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods,dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancer,whetherthediseasehasspread,thepatient'sageandgeneralhealthandotherfactors.Becausetreatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthycellsandtissues,itoftencausessideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions,weightingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossiblesideeffects.4.Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancer,theextentofthediseaseandthepatient'stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsandpressesagainstbones,organs,ornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectoftreatment.However,paincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescriptionmedicinesorover-the-counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor.Paragraph1______【單選題】A.Howiscancertreated?B.Doescanceralwayscausepain?C.Cancancerbeprevented?D.Whatiscancer?E.Howcommoniscancer?F.Whatcausescancer?正確答案:D答案解析:本題難度不大，段落主旨句比較明顯，是文章第一段的第一句，談到了癌癥的概念，談到癌癥是始于細胞病變的綜合相關(guān)疾病，回來看選項，D項Whatiscancer?簡單概括了本段意思，是答案。3、Hurricanes1Didyouknowthatbefore1950,hurricaneshadnonames?Theyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnameswaresimplyAlpha,Bravo,Charlie,etc.Butin1953,femalenamesweregivenbecauseoftheunpredictabilityfactorofthestorms.In1979,realizingthesexistnatureofsuchnamed,thelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenandwomen.2Hurricanesandtyphoonsarethesamethings.IftheyformintheAtlantic,wecallthesestrongstormshurricanes,fromtheWestIndianwordhurricane,meaning"bigwind."Andiftheyarepacificstorms,theyarecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifun,meaning"greatwind."Tobeclassifiedasahurricane,thestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph.Thesestormsarebig,manyhundredsofmilesindiameter.3Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-upenergy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondensesfromagaseousstatetoaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator.Tomakeahurricane,youmusthaveextremelywet,warmair,thekindofairthatcanonlybefoundintropicalregions.4Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgivenoutintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowattsperhours.Injustonedayalone,thestormcanproducemoreenergythanmanyindustrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon'tknowhowtomakesuchgreatenergyworkforus.5Predictingthepathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters,itmovesatatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayracealongattwicethisspeed,thensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationintheoceanforseveraldays.Itcanbemaddeningifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.6Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweathersatellites.Withthese,wecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfully,frombirthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroyproperty,hurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Themainconsiderationofusingmalesandfemales'namesforhurricanesis____.【單選題】A.timelydiscoveryofhurricaneB.convenienceC.sexequalityD.itsconnectionwithhumansE.hugepowerF.uncertainty正確答案:C答案解析:答案的依據(jù)在第一段。20世紀70年代，西方國家興起婦女解放運動。為避免性別歧視，采用男性和女性的名字為颶風命名。4、ExerciseWhetherornotexerciseaddstothelengthoflife,itiscommonexperiencethatacertainamountofregularexerciseimprovesthehealthandcontributesafeelingofwell-being.Furthermore,exercisewhichinvolvesplayandrecreation,andrelievesnervoustensionandmentalfatigueinsodoing,isnotonlypleasantbutbeneficial.Howmuchandwhatkindofexerciseoneshouldtakemeritscarefulconsideration.Thegrowingchildandthenormalyoungmanandyoungwomanthrillwiththeexhilarationofstrenuoussports.Theyfatiguetothepointofexhaustionbutrecoverpromptlywithaperiodofrest.Butnotsowiththoseofmiddleageandbeyond.Forthemmoderationisofvitalimportance.Justhowmuchexerciseapersonofagivenagecansafelytakeisaquestionhardtoanswer.Individualvariabilityistoogreattopermitofgeneralization.Agameoftennismaybeperfectlysafeforonepersonoffortybutfollyforanother.Thesafelimitforexercisedependsontheconditionoftheheart,theconditionofthemuscles,thetypeofexercise,andtheregularitywithwhichitistaken.Twogeneralsuggestions,however,will____assoundadviceforanyone.Thefirstisthattheconditionoftheheartandgeneralhealthshouldbedeterminedperiodicallybycareful,thoroughphysicalexaminations.Theotheristhatexerciseshouldbekeptbelowthepointofphysicalexhaustion.Whattypeofexerciseoneshouldchoosedependsuponone'sphysicalcondition.Youngpeoplecansafelyenjoyvigorouscompetitivesports,butmostolderpersonsdobettertolimitthemselvestolessstrenuousactivities.Walking,swimming,skatingareamongthesportsthatonecanenjoyandsafelyparticipateinthroughoutlife.Regularityisimportantifoneistogetthemostenjoymentandbenefitoutofexercise.【單選題】A.referB.regardC.serveD.treat正確答案:C答案解析:此題考查固定搭配。serve?as：當做，充當。故C為正確答案。5、ComputercrimesMoreandmore,theoperationsofourbusiness,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.It'seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing,butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetectedbutit'sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.Forexample,acertainkeypunchoperatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardsshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.Inanothercase,dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoffthecompanythatwasbeingrobbedunlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundouttheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggledthemostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany'sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat____.【單選題】A.itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimestodayB.computercrimesaretheoneofmostseriousproblemintheoperationoffinancialinstitutionsC.computercriminalscanescapepunishmentbecausetheycan'tbedetectedD.peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequestoftheircompany正確答案:B答案解析:首先根據(jù)第二段可知，A是錯誤的，因為計算機犯罪不是不能發(fā)現(xiàn)的。C：用計算機犯罪的罪犯可以逃脫懲罰，因為他們不會被發(fā)現(xiàn)，D：利用計算機犯罪的人是應他們公司的要求這樣做的，都是錯誤的，文中沒有提到。只有B：計算機犯罪是金融機構(gòu)里最嚴重的問題，是在文中第一段中暗示了的。因此選B。6、Iamalwaysconsciousofmyownshortcomings.【單選題】A.awareB.ashamedC.anxiousD.surprised正確答案:A答案解析:conscious和aware都表示“意識到的、有意識的”；ashamed:慚愧的、羞恥的；anxious:擔憂的、渴望的；surprised:感到驚訝的。7、SmartWindowWindowsnotonlyletlightintocutdownanelectricityuseforlighting,butthelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,windowsarenotsomethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedgetechnology.Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawindowtoquicklychangefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweenwithaflipofaswitch."Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,"saysClaesGranqvist.He'saprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden."It'scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworldtofeelwell."So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantforimprovingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey'restuckindoors.Yet,windowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomestoenergyandtemperaturecontrol.Inthewinter,coldairleaksin.Whenit'shotandsunny,sunlightstreamsin.Allofthissunlightcarrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andallofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producingblastsofcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing,actuallysuckupenormousamountsofelectricityinbuildingsaroundtheworld.Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Overtheyears,scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating,glazing,andlayeringwindowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.Smartwindowsgoastepfurther.Theyusechromogenictechnologieswhichinvolvechangesofcolor.Electrochromicwindowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.Forexample,asheetofglasscoatedwiththinlayersofchemicalcompoundsuchastungstenoxideworksabitlikeabattery.Tungstenoxideisclearwhenanelectricchargeisappliedanddarkwhenthechargeisremoved,thatis,whentheamountofvoltageisdecreased,thewindowdarkensuntilit'scompletelydarkafterallelectricityistakenaway.Soapplyingavoltagedetermineswhetherthewindowlooksclearordark.Oneimportantfeaturethatmakesasmartwindowsosmartisthatithasasortof"memory."Allittakesisasmalljoltofvoltagetoturnthewindowfromonestatetotheother.Then,itstaysthatway.Transitionstakeanywherefrom10secondstoafewminutes,dependingonthesizeofthewindow.Thedevelopmentofsmartwindowscouldmeanthatmassiveairconditioningsystemsmaynolongerneed."Inthefuture,"Granqvistsays,"ourbuildingsmaylookdifferent.Whenarewindowstheweaklinkinabuilding?【單選題】A.Inthecoldwinter.B.Inthehotsummer.C.Whenairconditionersareturnedon.D.BothAandB.正確答案:D答案解析:短文第三段的第一句說：windowsaretheweaklinkinabuilding，接下來是對這句話分寒冬和炎夏做了說明，所以D是正確選擇。8、OnSundayafternoons,wealwaysstrollalongtheriverbank,chattingandlaughing.【單選題】A.walkB.runC.sitD.play正確答案:A答案解析:stroll：漫步，和walk（步行、走路）意思相近；run:跑、運轉(zhuǎn)；sit:（使）坐；play:玩耍。9、WhataremychancesofpromotionifIstayhere?【單選題】A.retirementB.advertisementC.advancementD.replacement正確答案:C答案解析:如果我還待在這干，我有升職的機會嗎？promotion指“提升，晉級”，和advancement的引申意義“晉升”是同義詞，A項指“退休”，B項指“廣告”，D項指“代替”，三項的干擾性不強。本題考查的是advancement的引申意義。10、Cancer1.Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells,thebody'sbasicbuildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normally,cellsgrowanddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy.Sometimes,thisorderlyprocessgoeswrong.Newcellsformwhenthebodydoesnotneedthem,andoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor(腫瘤).Benign(良性的)tumorsarenotcancer.Theycanoftenberemovedand,inmostcases,theydonotcomeback.Malignant(惡性的)tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.2.Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenv