虛擬語(yǔ)氣-人教版課件

虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。（一）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：條件從句為：If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；主句為：主語(yǔ)+would/should+動(dòng)詞原形虛擬語(yǔ)氣（一）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：條件從句為：If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成式主句：主語(yǔ)+would/should+have+過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：條件從句為：1.謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

2.謂語(yǔ)用wereto+動(dòng)詞原形

3.謂語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形主句為：主語(yǔ)+would/should+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人稱，would可用于任何人稱，同時(shí)也可根據(jù)意思用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,might等代替。Eg.1.IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.2.Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.3.Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人稱，would可用

當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。

eg.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)以上句型可轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式：１.從句省略if,用倒裝句式“were,had,should+主語(yǔ)”當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.2.用介詞短語(yǔ)butfor;withoutetc.代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句Butforyourhelpyesterday,Icouldn’thavedoneitwell.ShouldtherebeameetWithoutyourhelpyesterday,Icouldn’thavedoneitwell.ButthatIdidn’thaveyourhelpyesterday,Icouldn’thavedoneitwell.(二)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句：1.“wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，可譯為“可惜……”“就好了…”“但愿…”

表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；Withoutyourhelpyesterday,表示過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用“had+動(dòng)詞原形”或“could/would+have+過(guò)去分詞”

表示將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”Eg.Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.Iwishyoucouldgowithus.Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.表示過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用“had+動(dòng)詞原形”或“could2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在動(dòng)詞arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”Eg.Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.Wesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在動(dòng)詞arrange,command,demNote:suggest作“表明”“暗示”解時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，只有作：“建議”解時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。insist作“力言”“強(qiáng)調(diào)”解時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。只有作“堅(jiān)持（應(yīng)該）”解時(shí)，才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.Note:suggest作“表明”“暗示”解時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句(三)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.WeallagreedtohissuggestionthatwegotoBeijingforsightseeing.(三)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句(四)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在wouldrather后接從句的應(yīng)用:I’drathershehadn’tdonethat.(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表過(guò)去的動(dòng)作)I’dratheryoupaintedthewallgreennexttime.(從句用過(guò)去時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作)I’dratheryoupaidmenow.(從句用過(guò)去時(shí)指現(xiàn)在)(四)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在wouldrather后接從句的應(yīng)用:（五）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在ifitwerenotfor…中的應(yīng)用:此結(jié)構(gòu)意為“如果沒(méi)有”，若要表示“如果當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有”，用ifithadnotbeenfor…Eg.Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.（五）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在ifitwerenotfor…中的應(yīng)

（六）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在asif(asthough)引導(dǎo)的從句中的應(yīng)用:如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”；表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would(could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形”Eg.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.但asif(asthough)后的從句也常用陳述語(yǔ)氣，這是因?yàn)閺木渲械那闆r往往是可能發(fā)生的或可被設(shè)想為真實(shí)的。（六）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在asif(asthoughItlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin.(七)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中：IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.IfonlyIwereabird!（八）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句：這種從句常用在“Itis(high)time(that…)”句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，或“should+動(dòng)詞原形（should不能省略，be用were）”來(lái)表示。ItlooksasifoursideisgoiItishightimeweleft.Itishightimeweshouldleave.Exercises:1.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe___nothingwrongand____free.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbesetBItishightimeweleft.Exerci2.MothersuggestedthatI____myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTV.A.didB.doC.shalldoD.havedoneB3.Mysuggestionwasthatthemeeting____offstillnextweek.toputB.beputtingC.ShouldputD.beputD2.MothersuggestedthatI___4.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegotD5.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade____thebasketballgame_____putoff.A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;beingB4.Youdidn’tletm7.____yourletter,Iwouldhavewrittenbacktwodaysago.A.IfIreceivedB.ShouldIreceivedC.HadIreceivedD.IfIcouldhavereceivedC8.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeenC7.____yourletter,9.I___yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelentB10.IfonlyI_____mywatch!A.hadn’tlostB.haven’tlostC.didn’tloseD.don’tloseA9.I___yousomemoney,butI虛擬語(yǔ)氣-人教版課件虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。（一）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：條件從句為：If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；主句為：主語(yǔ)+would/should+動(dòng)詞原形虛擬語(yǔ)氣（一）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：條件從句為：If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成式主句：主語(yǔ)+would/should+have+過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：條件從句為：1.謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

2.謂語(yǔ)用wereto+動(dòng)詞原形

3.謂語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形主句為：主語(yǔ)+would/should+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人稱，would可用于任何人稱，同時(shí)也可根據(jù)意思用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,might等代替。Eg.1.IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.2.Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.3.Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人稱，would可用

當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。

eg.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)以上句型可轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式：１.從句省略if,用倒裝句式“were,had,should+主語(yǔ)”當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.2.用介詞短語(yǔ)butfor;withoutetc.代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句Butforyourhelpyesterday,Icouldn’thavedoneitwell.ShouldtherebeameetWithoutyourhelpyesterday,Icouldn’thavedoneitwell.ButthatIdidn’thaveyourhelpyesterday,Icouldn’thavedoneitwell.(二)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句：1.“wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，可譯為“可惜……”“就好了…”“但愿…”

表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；Withoutyourhelpyesterday,表示過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用“had+動(dòng)詞原形”或“could/would+have+過(guò)去分詞”

表示將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”Eg.Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.Iwishyoucouldgowithus.Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.表示過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用“had+動(dòng)詞原形”或“could2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在動(dòng)詞arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”Eg.Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.Wesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在動(dòng)詞arrange,command,demNote:suggest作“表明”“暗示”解時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，只有作：“建議”解時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。insist作“力言”“強(qiáng)調(diào)”解時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。只有作“堅(jiān)持（應(yīng)該）”解時(shí)，才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.Note:suggest作“表明”“暗示”解時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句(三)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.WeallagreedtohissuggestionthatwegotoBeijingforsightseeing.(三)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句(四)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在wouldrather后接從句的應(yīng)用:I’drathershehadn’tdonethat.(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表過(guò)去的動(dòng)作)I’dratheryoupaintedthewallgreennexttime.(從句用過(guò)去時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作)I’dratheryoupaidmenow.(從句用過(guò)去時(shí)指現(xiàn)在)(四)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在wouldrather后接從句的應(yīng)用:（五）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在ifitwerenotfor…中的應(yīng)用:此結(jié)構(gòu)意為“如果沒(méi)有”，若要表示“如果當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有”，用ifithadnotbeenfor…Eg.Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.（五）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在ifitwerenotfor…中的應(yīng)

（六）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在asif(asthough)引導(dǎo)的從句中的應(yīng)用:如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”；表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would(could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形”Eg.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.但asif(asthough)后的從句也常用陳述語(yǔ)氣，這是因?yàn)閺木渲械那闆r往往是可能發(fā)生的或可被設(shè)想為真實(shí)的。（六）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在asif(asthoughItlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin.(七)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中：IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.IfonlyIwereabird!（八）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句：這種從句常用在“Itis(high)time(that…)”句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，或“should+動(dòng)詞原形（should不能省略，be用were）”來(lái)表示。ItlooksasifoursideisgoiItishightimeweleft.Itishightimeweshouldleave.Exercises:1.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe___nothingwrongand____free.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbesetBItishightimeweleft.Exerci2.MothersuggestedthatI____myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTV.A.didB.doC.shalldoD.havedoneB3.Mysuggestionwasthatthemeeting____offstillnextweek.toputB.beputtingC.ShouldputD.beputD2.Mothersugges