初中英語語法專題講座10-形容詞

初中英語語法專題講座——形容詞初中英語語法專題講座——形容詞初中英語語法專題講座——形容詞初中英語語法專題講座——形容詞PAGEPAGE59PAGEPAGE58初中英語語法專題講座——形容詞【復習要點】一、形容詞的基本用法：形容詞是用來修飾名詞或代詞的，在句中可用作定語、表語和賓語補足語等。⑴Chinaisagreatcountryalonghistory.中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。⑵用作后置定語形容詞修飾不定代詞或形容詞短語修飾名詞時需要后置例如：Hehassomethingimportanttotell他有重要的事告訴你Sheisagirlgoodatsinging. 她是一位擅長唱歌的女孩。wasrainyyesterday,buttodayitissunny.昨天下雨，今Yourmotherseemsangry.Themilkintheglasshasgonebad.Theleavesturnyellowinautumn.樹葉在秋天變黃。注意：見的表語形容詞有：afraid,alive,alone,asleep,glad,ill(生病的),ready,sorry,

三、形容詞的比較等級：比較等級的構(gòu)成：則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則變化由原級＋-er構(gòu)成比較級、原級＋-est構(gòu)成最高級，如：smallsmallersmallest；形容詞比較級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：①.單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞或副詞通常加后綴–er和–est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。如：long→longer→longest②.原級以字母e結(jié)尾，則只加-r和-st；如：large→larger→largest③.原級以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，則應(yīng)將y改為i，再加-er和-est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級；如：busy→busier→busiest④.原級為重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母，則雙寫這個輔音字母后再加詞尾-er和-est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。如：big→bigger→biggest⑤.多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞在其前加more和most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級如→moreuseful→mostuseful difficult→moredifficult→mostdifficult⑥.比較級和最高級的不規(guī)則變化如下表：sure,unable,well(等。例如：I’msorrynottohavebeenreadyfortheparty.Thechildrenwereasleepjustnow,butthey’reawake.Theywereunabletohelpus.他

原級bad/badly/病的)

比較級worse

最高級worst們沒法幫助我們。

far

farther furtherfarthest（指距離）furthest（抽象的遠）⑷用作賓語補足語。例如：Thenewsmadeherhappy.那個消息使她很開心。Wholeftthedooropen?是誰沒把門關(guān)上？二、名詞化的形容詞：thedead,old,poor,rich,youngTheyoungarethehopeofthecountry.Thericharenotalwayshappy.有錢人并不總是快樂。

good/welllittlemany/muchold

betterlessmoreolder elder

bestleastmostoldest（強調(diào)年齡，指人、物）eldest（強調(diào)長幼，只指人）說明：⑴farther/farthest和further/furthest作為形容詞都可以指距離。例如：Thevillagewasfather/furtherthanthebridge.那個村子比那座橋更遠。Whatisthefarthest/furthestplaceyou’veeverbeento?你最遠去過哪里？further―。例如：acollegeoffurthereducationHewillneedfurtherhelp.進一步的幫助。⑵elder/eldest只用于人，表示兄弟姐妹間的長幼（排行）elder指（年紀較大‖eldest（年紀最大elder不與than連用例如Heismyelderbrother. 他是我的哥哥（比較youngerbrother我的弟弟ismyeldestdaughter. 她是我的長女。（比較youngestdaughter我最小的女兒）比較等級的基本用法：形容詞和副詞都有比較等級的用法，以下內(nèi)容含有對副詞比較等級的介紹。―Aisas…asB.―A和BMaryisastallashersister.HecanspeaksEnglishaswellasanEnglishman.Shecanreadtwiceasfastashedoes.她閱讀速度比他快一倍。―Aisnotas/so…asB.‖―A不如B……‖notnot…Thisroomisnotasbrightasthatone.Itisnotsohottodayasitwasyesterday.今天Hedoesn’tworkashardasme.(=…ashardasIdo.)他工作不及我努力。是―Ais-erthanB.‖―A比B……‖。例如：Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.Myroomissmallerthanyours.housesherearehigherthantheonesoverthere.這邊的樓房比那邊的樓房高。⑶最高級用于三者或三者以上之間進行比較并且其中一者程度最甚，其結(jié)構(gòu)是―Aisthe-estof/in….―A……‖。形容詞最高級前要用定theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.

Soitisthebiggestofthethree.ThisbuildingisthetallestintheTomworkshardestinhisclass.湯姆在班上學習最努力。注意：最高級的比較范圍如果是所在群體內(nèi)的成員，就用of引出；如果是群體所在地，就用in,among等詞引出。請比較：Thisisthebestpictureofthethree.這是三幅圖畫中最好的。Thisisthebestpictureinthehall.這是大廳中最好的圖畫。比較級前常見修飾語總結(jié)：比較級前可以有一個表示程度的狀語，表示―……得多‖或―稍……‖之類的意思。①.比較級前可用alittle,abit,alittle―稍微一點alittlecoldertodaythanitwasyesterday.They’realittlebitbetternow.現(xiàn)在他們稍好一點兒了。②.比較級前可用much,far,byfar,alot,agooddeal,agreatdeal,rather等修飾，表示得多sagooddealbetter.Therearefarmorepeoplethanweexpected.人比我們預計的多得多。但該比較級通常只限于better如：He’squitebetternow.他現(xiàn)在好多了。③.比較級前可用even,still修飾，表示―更……‖。如：Itwasevencolderthanyesterday.今天比昨天還要冷。Thenextdayshegotupstillearlier.第二天她起床更早些。注意：①.very，quite，so，too等一般不修飾比較級，而多用來修飾原級。②.more可以構(gòu)成比較級，一定不能修飾比較級。比較等級的特殊用法：⑴―the+ofthetwo（+復數(shù)名詞表示……的‖OfthetwoboysMikeisthetallerone. 邁克是兩個男孩中個子較高的一個。注意：比較級前一般不加the或出現(xiàn)了ofthetwo，這時比較級前一定要加the。例如：Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralian??（區(qū)別：Whichislarger,Canadaorthetwochosetheharder.在兩項工作中他選擇了較艱苦的那一個。下列句型中也要加the：Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe’llbe.⑵moreandmore表示越Hehasbecomebusierandbusiernow.他現(xiàn)在（變得）Computersarebecomingmoreandmoreimportantinourwork.電腦在我們的工作中變得越來越重要。Itisrainingmoreandmoreheavilynow.現(xiàn)在雨下得越來越大了。⑶themore…themore表示越…………‖。例如：Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙越高興。ThemoreIseeit,thelessIlikeit.那樣東西我越看越不喜歡。本結(jié)構(gòu)常用省略句形式例如morethebetter. 越多越好多多益善soonerthebetter. 越早越好；（時間上）越快越好。⑷“oneof+the+ShanghaiisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.Ourcityisoneofthesafestcitiesintheworld.OneofthemostimportantlanguagesisEnglish.最重要的語言之一是英語。比較結(jié)構(gòu)的同義轉(zhuǎn)換：⑴.原級與比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：①.英語的幾種倍數(shù)表達方法:表示（+theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.49倍大。如：Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.這個盒子比那個盒子大三倍。

是……倍―+as++as+‖結(jié)構(gòu)組成。例如：Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs.Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。注意:用onc用twic用threetimes其他依次類推。②.notso/as...asZhangisn'tsooldasWang.→MissWangisolderthanMissZhang./MissZhangisyoungerthanMissWang.⑵.最高級與比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：①.最高級與比較+thananyother+名詞單數(shù)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。如Huaistallestboyinhisclass.→Wei Huaistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass./WeiHuaistallerthantheotherboysinhisclass.②.最高級與比較級+thananyoftheother+名詞復數(shù)/thantheothertwo之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：Robertisthebeststudentintheschool.→Robertisbetterthananyoftheotherstudentsintheschool.注意：比較級是同類別之間進行比較，不同類之間不可以比較：TheweatherhereismuchcolderthanBeijing.(F) TheweatherhereiscolderthanthatinBeijing.(T)ThepeopleinChinaaremorefriendlythanthoseinAmerica.TomhasshorterhairthanJim.=Tom’shairisshorterthanJim’s.Asmallroundtable一張小圓桌Atallwhitebuilding一幢高大的白色建筑物Adirtyoldblackshirt一件又臟又舊的黑色襯衣AfamousAmericanmedicalschool一個非常著名的美國醫(yī)學院【考題分析】—InourEnglishstudy，readingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.—Idon’tagree.Speakingis reading.asimportantasB.soimportantasC.themostimportantD.thesameas分析as…as構(gòu)一般用于肯定句，(not)soasA—Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis? —Certainly,wecanbuy_thanthis,but this.abetter,betterthanB.aworse,asgoodasC.acheaper,asgoodasD.amoreimportant,notasgoodas分析thanthan，對照答案選項，可以看出不用比較級。另外再從句意上去考慮，不可能買“糟糕的（worse）”衣服，而應(yīng)是“更便宜的衣服答：C3．Rememberthis,children. carefulyouare, mistakesyouwillmake.A.Themore,moreB.Thefewer,themoreC.Themore,thefewerD.Theless,theless分析：本題考點較多：首先是themore…themore結(jié)構(gòu)；根據(jù)題意，第一個空Themoremistakes正確搭配的那個詞，可在themoretheless：C4．Thatisan book,butIdon’tknowwhytheboywasnot init. (interest)分析：英語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞可以用作形容詞。一般來說，現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞具有主動意義，可用于人或物；過去分詞作形容詞具有被動意義，通常用于人。請比較：amazing令人驚愕的—amazed感到驚奇的exciting令人激動的—excited激動的interesting令人感興趣的—interested感興趣的pleasing(=pleasant)令人愉快的—pleased高興的surprising使人驚奇的—surprised吃驚的worrying使人焦慮的—worried焦慮的

本題中，book應(yīng)當是“令人感興趣的”，而theboy則應(yīng)對其“感興趣”。案：interesting interested【鞏固練習】一、選擇填空：Thestorysounds .tobetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD.trueTheseorangestaste .goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell—Mum,IthinkI’m togotoschool.—Notreally,mydear.You’dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.sowellB.sogoodC.wellenoughD.goodenoughHetoldus storythatweallforgotaboutthetime.suchaninterestingB.suchinterestingaC.soaninterestingD.asointerestingItisimpossibleforso workerstodoso workinoneday.few,muchB.few,manyC.little,muchD.little,many—Lucy,doyouhavearuler?—Yes,Ido.Butit’s .verysmalloneB.anonlysmallrulerC.quitesmallrulerD.onlyasmallone foodyouhavecooked!HowaniceB.WhataniceC.HowniceD.WhatniceTheyalllooked atthemasterandfeltquite .sad,sadB.sadly,sadC.sad,sadlyD.sadly,sadlyHe’dliketosleepwiththewindow atnight.openwideB.openwidelyCwideopenD.openedwideThelittleboylooks .lovelyB.carefullyC.heavilyD.sadlyTheUnitedStates,Britain,NewZealandandsoonare countries.speaking-EnglishB.English-speakingC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spokenThetripwas andeveryonewas withit.pleasant,pleasedB.pleased,pleasantC.pleased,pleasedD.pleasant,pleasant 28. Theboywasn’t atEnglish,butnowhedoes init.What news! A.anexcitingB.excitingC.anexcitedD.excitedThisisa storyabouta womanteacher.true,realB.real,trueC.truly,reallyD.really,trueCanyouretellthetextin English?Itisnot foryou.easy,hardlyB.easily,hardC.hard,easilyD.easy,hardHischildbrokethenewglass,butdoesn’tget .angrily B.angry C.well D.goodHewas thenextmorning.founddieB.founddyingC.founddeadD.founddeathJimwasjustfalling whenIcameintohisroomquietly.asleepB.sleepC.sleptD.sleptComputerscanhelppeopledo workin time.many,fewB.much,littleC.more,moreD.more,lessWhata cough!Youseem ill.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terriblyThiskindofcakelooks andsmells .good,goodB.good,wellC.well,wellD.well,goodDidyounoticethe boyatthebackoftheclassroom?asleepB.sleepyC.sleepD.sleepsThere’s withyourmother.Don’tworry.somethingseriousB.anythingseriousC.nothingseriousD.seriousnothingTheteacherfoundhim boy.cleverB.wasacleverC.acleverD.isacleverLotsofvisitorscometoNanjingbecausesheis city.soabeautifulB.verybeautifulC.suchbeautifulaD.quiteabeautifulWefindit todosomereadingeveryday.easilyBbeenjoyableC.helpfulD.interestedLucysaidshehadn’theard musicbefore.suchabeautifulpieceofB.abeautifulC.sobeautifulD.suchawonderful

A.good,goodB.well,betterC.better,wellD.good,better childrenthereareinafamily, theirlifewillbe.Theless,thebetterB.Thefewer,thebetterC.Fewer,richerD.More,poorerNowChinahadjoinedWTO,soIthinkEnglishis usefulthanbefore.moreB.mostC.muchD.many二、下列各句中均有一處錯誤，請找出并改正：Hesavedasix-years-oldboyfromtheriveryesterday. CouldIaskforleave?Iwanttovisitanillauntinahospital. Thisquestionisveryimportantthanthatone. Heismyolderbrother.Theherefreshwaterisverygood. TheboysinClassOnearegoodatplayingfootballthanthoseinClassTwo.Heisluckilyenoughtogettheticketforthefootballmatch. We’llneverforgetthepleasedtriptoBeijing. Thelittleboylookssadly. Pleasetellthechildrentobecarefulincrossingafulloftrafficstreet.三、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（含副詞練習）：LiuYingdoeswellinphysics.