上海市崇明2018屆高三英語(yǔ)二模

2018崇明二模崇明區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)質(zhì)量抽查試卷（考試時(shí)間120分鐘，滿分 140分。請(qǐng)將答案填寫在答題紙上 ）ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.InatrainB.InatheaterC.InameetingroomD.InabookingofficeA$B.$C.$D.$A.AwaitersB.AcustomerC.AsecretaryD.AsaleswomanA.Theman’sair-conditionerisbrokenB.Themandoesn’thaveair-conditioningC.ThesummerhasbeenunusuallyhotD.Themusicdoesn’tbotherherA.She’senjoyingthemusicB.Themusicdoesn’tbotherherC.ShewouldpreferdifferentmusicD.ThemusicwillkeepherawakeA.SheactedlikeastrangertodayB.SheusuallytalksquietlyC.Shedidn’tgivethelessontodayD.SheusuallyassignshomeworkA.AjobopportunityB.ApositionasgeneralmanagerC.AtravelexperienceD.Asalesmanager’sexperiencesA.ShehashadhercamerabrokenB.Shehasn’thandedinherphotoC.ShehasbeenbusytakingphotosD.Shehasn’torderedastudent’scardA.Hehasn’tpreparedwellforhislectureHewantsthewomantopostponethelectureHedoesn’tknowanythingaboutengineeringHeregularlygiveslecturestohighschoolstudentsA.It’smoreeffectiveifpriorityisgiventolisteningIt’smoreeffectiveifreadingcomesbeforelisteningIt’smoreeffectiveiflisteningiscombinedwithreadingIt’slesseffectiveifthelearnerchecksthe sameinformationSectionBDirections: InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Toprovideaprotectivespaceforgiantpandas.Tostopthelossofgiantpandas’naturalhabitatsTohelpChinatoimproveitseconomyonthewholeToprotectthegiantpandasintheproposedterritoryA.About300B.Around1864C.Morethan2,000D.Lessthan1564A.TheparkfirstbegantobeconstructedinJanuary2017.billionyuanwillbeinvestedintheconstructionoftheparkTheparkwillcoverabitmorespacethanYellowstoneNationalParkTheplacewheretheparkistobeconstructedisapoverty-strickenarea.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.SmartmirrorsthanmakeyoulookmuchsmarterSoftwareappsthatallowyoutoaddimagestophotosVirtualmirrorsthatteachyoutousecamerafunctionsSpecialappsthathelpyouseeyourimageaftertry-onA.TheycanmakeiteasyforcustomerstomakeupTheycanhelpstoresavoiddamage,lossandtheftTheycanteachusershowtomakesmartproductsThecanimprovetheeffectofproductsoncustomersA.TheypromotebothonlineandofflinebusinessesTheyhavehighrequirementsformobiledevicesTheyenablecustomerstointeractwitheachotherTheyarequitesimilartopreviousappslikeSnapchatQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.TheirgreatfoodandfreedrinksforlunchThenumerousbenefitsofdrinkinghotliquidsThewaytogetridofunhealthydrinkinghabitsTheirdifferentperspectivesonhotandcolddrinksA.BycausingsweatB.ByincreasingbloodflowC.ByhelpingeasepainD.ByemittingpleasantsmellsA.ItslowsdownbloodflowB.ItmakesoneconsumemoreC.IthelpsonebecomeslimmerD.Itisgood forone’sdigestionA.ThemanprefershotdrinksonlyonverycolddaysThewomanmaychangeherhabitofdrinkingcoldliquidsThewomanbelievesdrinkingcoldwateralsohelpsrelieveacoldThemanistryinglosingweightbyexercisinganddrinkinghotwaterGrammarandvocabularySectionADirections: Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.China’sGoodSamaritanLaw(見義勇為法 )TakesEffectChina’sGoodSamaritanLawwentintoeffectonOctober1toencouragepeoplewhoarereadytohelpothers.Underthelaw,peoplehowvoluntarilyofferemergencyassistancetothosewhoare,orwhotheybelievetobe,injured,illorinanger,willnothavecivilresponsibilityintheeventofharmtothevictims.Thenewlawaimstoeasethereluctancepeoplefeeltowardhelpingstrangersforfearoflegalconsequencesiftheymakemistakesintreatment.Itisaresponsetothephenomenonofpeople(21) (hesitate)tohelpfallenseniorcitizensduetoconcernthattheymightbeblackmailed( 訛詐)later.Therehasbeennoshortageofcasesoverthepastdecade(22) peoplehesitatedtoofferassistancetothosewhoareinneed.AndsomegoodSamaritanshavebeenblackmailedforcharitableacts.In2011,atwo-year-oldgirlknownasXiaoYueyuewasrunoverbytwocars,and18peoplepassedby(23) offeringemergencyhelp.Thegirldiedafterdaysofmedicaltreatment.In2014,amanfromGuangdongProvinceaidedaseniorcitizen,but(24) (accuse)ofknockinghimdown.Themancommittedsuicidewhen(25) (face)withdemandsforalargesumofmoney.Thesecases(26) (arouse)debateaboutmoralityandheroisminChinainrecentyears.“Ifyoudon’tprovidehelp,youwillblameyourself,butifyoudohelp,youarelikely(27) (hurt)bythepeopleyouhelp.Itisreallyadifficultchoice,onenetizensaidonSinaWeibo.(28)therehadbeencallsforanationalGoodSamaritanlaw,onlyafewcitiespushedaheadwithsuchlawsbeforethenationwidelawcameintoeffect.However,someexpertsareconcerned(29)therecouldbesomedangerfromanationwideGoodSamaritanLaw."Rescuerswhoknowlittleaboutfirstaidcouldbringseriousharmtopeopleincriticalconditions, “saidYangLixin,aprofessorattheRenminUniversityofChina.Hehopedthegovernment(30)introducedetailsofthepolicysoonwhileencouragingpeopletovoluntarilyofferassistance.SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow, fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.shockB.guessesC.secondaryD.tracksE.detailedF.printedG.claimedlH.prospectI.influentialJ.recognizedK.createdBobDylanWinsaNobelPrizeinLiteratureBobDylanhaswonthe2016NobelPrizeinliterature.TheproductivemusicianisthefirstNobelwinnertohavefollowedacareerprimarilyasasinger-songwriter.What'smore,he'salsothefirstAmericantohavewontheprizeinmorethantwodecades.NotsincenovelistToniMorrisonwonin1993hasanAmerican__31__theprize.Dylanearnedtheprize“forhaving __32__newpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition,"accordingtothestatementbytheSwedishAcademy,thecommitteethatannuallydecidesthewinter oftheNobelPrize.Theacademy'spermanentsecretary,SaraDanius,announcedthenewsThursday.Thewincomesassomethingofa(n)__33__.Asusual,theSwedishAcademydidnotannounceashortlistofnominees(被提名者),leavingthebettingmarketstotheirbest__34__.AndwhileDylanhasenjoyedfavorasanoutsideshotfortheaward,the__35__thatthemusicianwouldbetheonetobreaktheAmericans'longdryperiodwasregardedasunlikelyespeciallybecausehemadehiscareermainlyonthestage,notthe__36__page.YetfewwouldargueDylanhasbeenanythingbut__37__,bothintheU.S.andbeyonditsborders.Theproductivesinger,songwriterandmulti-instrumentalisthasproduceddozensofalbums.Dylan,whowasbornRobertAllenZimmermanin1941,“hasthestatusofanidol( 偶像)，"theSwedishAcademywrote. "Hisinfluenceoncontemporarymusicissignificant,andheistheobjectofasteadystreamof__38__literature.”Inaninterviewfollowingtheannouncement,Danius__39__theSwedishAcademy’sdecision: “HeisagreatpoetintheEnglish -speakingtradition,andheisawonderfulsampler—averyoriginalsampler,”Daniusexplained.“For54yearsnowhehasbeenatitandreinventinghimself,constantlycreatinganewidentity. ”Andforhiswork,hehasbeen__40__bycriticalcommunity.DylanhaswonGrammys,anAcademyAward,aGoldenGlobeandaMedalofFreedom,thehighestcivilianhonorintheU.S.Now,tothehonorsDylanhasaddedaNobel.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections: ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TheCompaniesDoingtheMosttoMakeTheirEmployeesHappierFatpaychecks,lightworkloads,andendlessvacationdaysdon’tnecessarilyaddtohappyemployee.Infact,thehappiestemployeesintheU.S.owetheirhappinesstofirst-rateemployeemotivations,sufficientbenefits,careeradvancementprograms,andgreatwork-lifebalance.Thecompaniesthathavebeenthemostdevotedtocultivatingandadvancingthesethingsinthepastyearhaveseenemployeehappiness__41__.Thejobssitejustannouncedthewinnersofthisyear’s“LeapAwards,”whichhonorthecompaniesthathavemadethebiggestleapstoimproveemployeehappinessyear-over-year.CareerBlissevaluatedmorethan250,000companyreviewsandratingsitreceivedfrom__42__nationwidetodeterminedthetop50deservingcompanies.To__43__thelist,eachcompanyhadtohaveatleast50reviews.TheLeapAwardsareimportantbecausetheyhighlight __44__inourworkforce,”saysCareerBliss’schiefexecutive,HeidiGolledge.CaareerBlissaskedtherespondentstoevaluatethekeyfactorsthat__45__workhappiness,includingwork-lifebalance,one’srelationshipwiththebossandco-workers,theworkenvironment,jobresources,salary,growthopportunities,companyculture,companyreputation,dailytasks,andjob__46__.Eachrespondentvaluedeachofthesethingsona1-to-5scale,andindicatedhowimportanteachwastotheiroverallhappinessatwork.Thesenumberswere__47__tofindanaverageratingofoverallemployeehappinessforeachcompany.Theseaverageswerecomparedtolastyear’snumberstofindwhichcompanieshad__48__themost.EveryemployerwhoreceivesaLeapAwardshould__49__theirworkplacehappinessinitiatives, ”saysGolledge.“Eventhoughwearecomingoutofadifficulttime,itis__50__toseecompaniesputtingtheireffortsintoprovidingagreatenvironmentfortheiremployees.Theseeffortsinworkplacehappinesswillensurethattheiremployeeswillbearoundforyearstocome,ashappinessbreeds__51__.”Wefindeachyearthatwork-lifebalanceisakeyfactorindeterminingemployeehappiness,”saysGolledge.“Employeewanttoknowthattheycanbalancetheircareerwiththeirfamilyandpersonallife.Oftenthis__52__overthingslikesalary.Havingprogramsthatallowmanagerstoofferemployeesflexibilitycanbeakeyfactorincreatingahappyworkenvironment. __53__,weseecareeradvancementprogramshaveabigimpactonoverallemployeehappiness.Oftenemployeeswouldrathertakeajobfora__54__salary,ifthecompanyprovidesacomprehensiveprogramwhichwillhelpgrowtheircareer.Employeeswanttolearn,developandsustainasuccessfulcareerpath.”WorkplacehappinessisthecoreofCareerBliss’mission,Millersays. “Anindividual’shappinessatworkwillcreatehappinessthroughoutallareasoftheirlife,and__55__acompanywithahappy,motivatedworkforcewillseeexceptionalresultsinitsproductsandservices. ”A.soarB.changeC.ceaseD.disappearA.netizensB.administratorsC.candidatesD.employeesA.makeupB.qualityforC.countonD.refertoA.changeB.powerC.dutyD.varietyA.layinB.resultedfromC.focusedonD.contributedtoA.analysisB.vacancyC.flexibilityD.responsibilityA.appliedB.combinedC.comparedD.rememberedA.benefitedB.improvedC.changedD.producedA.approveofB.accountforC.takeprideinD.getusedtoA.goodB.easyC.impossibleD.interestingA.profitB.honestyC.creativityD.loyaltyA.turnsB.runsC.advantagesD.skipsA.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.BesidesD.InsteadA.lowerB.fairC.regularD.similarA.obviouslyB.franklyC.fortunatelyD.similarlySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)IntheworldofhighereducationintheUnitedStates,competitionseemsmorecommonthanschoolsworkingtogether.Everycollegeanduniversitycompetesforstudents,aswellasthebestteachersandmoneyforresearchprograms.Butonethingalmosteveryschoolhasincommonisthedifficultytheyfaceinservinglow-incomestudents.TheNationalCenterforEducationStatisticsreportsthatlow-incomecollegestudentsarelesslikelytocompletetheirstudyprogramsthanotherstudents.ItwasonlynaturalthattheleadersofMichiganStateUniversityandtenotheruniversitiesdiscussed thisissuewhentheymetin2014.The11schoolsarespreadacrosstheUnitedSatesandservedifferentpopulationsandneeds.ButtheirleadersallsawimprovinggraduationratesforallstudentsasthebiggestproblemfacingAmericanhighereducation.SothegroupcreatedanorganizationcalledtheUniversityInnovationAllianceorUIAforsharinginformationrelatedtothisproblem.Itsmaingoalistoget68,000morestudentsatthememberschoolstograduateby2025,withatleasthalfofthosestudentsbeinglow-income.The11schoolsnowsaytheirnumberofgraduateshasincreasedbyover7,200injustthreeyears.Thisincludesanalmost25percentincreaseinthenumberoflow-incomegraduates.Howweretheyabletomakethishappen?Itbeganwitheachuniversitylookingatitsownsituationandfindingoutwhatithadbeendoingrightandwhatithadbeendoingwrong.Forexample,beforejoiningtheUIA,academicadvisingatMichiganStatemostlyinvolvedreactingtoproblemsstudentsfacedaftertheproblemshadalreadyarisen.ThenschoolofficialsheardaboutacomputerprogramthatfellowUIAmemberGeorgiaStateUniversitywasusing.Thiscomputerprogramfollowsdecisionsstudentsmakeabouttheirclassesandtheprogresstheyaremakingintheirstudies.Itthensendsacademicadvisorsmessageswheneverastudentshowssignsthattheyaremakingmistakesorfacingdifficulties.Hatwaytheadvisorscantrytohelpstudentsbeforetheproblemsbecometooserious.MichiganStatebeganusingthecomputerprogramandithasmeantaworldofdifference.MichiganStateshasnotonlyreceivedusefulinformationfromitsparents.Ithasalsosharedhelpfulinformationofitsown.BridgetBurns,theexecutivedirectorfortheUIA,sayseffortslikethishaveneverbeenassuccessful. “Therearerankingsthatmeasureallkindsofthings,”Burnssaid. “Buthowwellyoudoforlow-incomestudentshasnothistoricallybeenhighlighted.”WhatledtothesettingupoftheUIA?A.ThelowgraduationratesB.Thegreatneedoflow-incomestudents.C.TheinefficiencyoflearningD.TheseverecompetitionbetweenschoolsTheUIAfunctionsinsuchawayasthememberuniversities .findouttheirowngraduationratesshareandfolloweachother’sgoodpracticemakejointeffortstoaidstudentsfinanciallypopularizecomputerprogramsamongstudentsBy“ithasmeantaworldofdifference”inparagraph6,theauthormeansMichiganState .hasfoundthecomputerprogramquitedifferentfromtheirshasdiscoveredthecomputerprogramisverydifficulttousehashelpedstudentssuccessfullywiththecomputerprogramhasinvolvedmoreacademicadvisorsinthecomputerprogramWhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?UniversitiesHighlightingTheirEffortsforLow-IncomesUniversitiesComputingforBetterStudentsandTeachersUniversitiesWorkingTogethertoHelpPoorStudentsUniversitiesCreatingtheUIAtoShareInformation(B)SupportersgetclosertotheGuard?口口SupportersgetclosertotheGuard?口口:1I；：, ,：i；,'.'■ ■BepartoftheGuardian'sfuture,byhe:pingtosecureit(tecofTipa trtfew9嗎drrsofftih相cvmtk)makeihvworldj.bvticr,fdiiinph<c.Gt電ant附keepthepi^svrlulhi)rc<trAtiJwtbelmctfustJoingsomeanskeepingscticpmlnrmeJb\TrcKliHmgqojhK.independent|4itrrnLalisrr.whiehdiwo、c1>andKlb Huih,11beiwmijl&mtheIh口chmiin邑ofdciik>cr^c>Andnurunique。格門工務(wù)hipsuucuiremejevoneuglei1usiodropu蠕。門L4lililldiIlicuEtandexpensnevork.hilemurefvivplc□rereadingthdGitirdi北”dun￥etbel7vre.]lltIvwvrorvpu>卬片IcritAndjjvvmsmgiikciticsmf。■ihc aicIklhngJu>i.Soif”，urcudus.ifyoulikeu?,tl'you、汕ueimitpcrspvcuvc—HitnIxxomeaSitp|x>rierardhelpimuk弋outfiinirt!mores^urer <tSuippcMt(?iIkfor碗，■”,dmofilluAsaGuardianJiupportc^you'llctijo)anumt<Tofbenefits,indMng.WhichofthefollowingisadifficultytheGuardianisfacing?A.It’slosingitseditorialindependenceB.It ’sbecomingincreasinglyreliantonitsownerC.It’sprofitingmuchlessfromadvertisingD.It’soperatinginachallengingpoliticalclimateWhatcanbeinferredfromthewebpage?SomebillionaireownersaretheGuardian’seditorsTheGuardianisindependentfinanciallyandpoliticallyShareholderscaninterferewiththeGuardian’sjournalismGuardianSupporterscanputadsonthemobileappforfree(C)AnewkindofproductionwasunderwayonthesetoftheNBCcomedySuperstore.Socialmediastarswerecrafting30-secondvideostopostontheirsocialmediachannelsaheadofthecomedy’ssecond-seasonreturn.EachmadesuretomentionSuperstoreanditsfirstpublicshow.Asnetworksandstudiosstruggletoreachyoungaudiencesinanincreasinglyfragmented(碎片化 的)mediamarketplace, manyhaveturnedto so-calledinfluencers —online starswhoseismeasuredbythesizeoftheirInternetfollowings—asameansofgeneratingawareness.Advertisersareseizingonthestrategyinanageofcommercial-skippingandad-blockers.Wordofmouthinthedigitalagemeansmessagestravelfasterbywayofsocialmedia.Themajorityofconsumersworldwidetrustonlinerecommendationsfromstars.AndwhenSuperstoregaveitsfirstpublicshow,itdidsotohigherratingsthanthelastshowofSeason1.Studioandnetworkexecutivessaytheyworkwithinfluencerstobuildbrandawarenessandreputationinamorefriendlywaythroughthefriend-likeconnectionsconsumersfeeltowardtheonlinepersonalitiestheyfollow.Attheupperlevel,influencerstypicallyhavethousandsoffollowersonsocialmediaandonlinecontentplatformsandcountmanymillionsofpeoplewhotuneindailytowatchthem.Somedosomethingthatmakesthemselveslookstupidintheirdailyroutine,sharingvideosoftheirtripstothegrocerystoreordinnerdates.Othershavebuiltcareersonperformances—makingcomedyvideos,reviewingvideogames,performingmagictricksandteachingcookinglessons,amongotherpursuits.Whenintheemployofstudios,theireffortscanbeassimpleaspublicizingafilmormoreinvolvedattemptslikethemarketingpushforSuperstore.Entertainmentcompaniesdeclinedtodiscusshowmuchtheypayinfluencers.Butseveralexpertssaidtheirpayrangesfromafewthousanddollarstoseveralmillion.Somesimplyreceivegiftbasketsinsteadofpay.Overthelastyearorso,someentertainmentcompanieshavebeguntocastinfluencersintheirTVandfilmprojects.Thestrategyisabitofgamble:It ’sanewbusinessmodel,andquestionsremainabouttheeffectivenessofusingthesepersonalitiestoimprovea show’sratings—orhelpopenamovie.Justhowmuchinfluencetheinfluencershaveishardtomeasure.TVratings andbox-officereturnsdonotrevealwhatcausedaviewertotunein.Whatisclearisthatthesepersonalitiesaren’tnecessarilygettingtheworkbecauseoftheiractingskills,butoftenbecauseoftheirInternetfollowings.YetassocialmediastarsconsiderwhethertotakeonjobspromotingmoviesandTVshows,there’sanimportantconsiderationforbothparties:thecredibilityofacampaign.“Fansaredefinitelyawardwhenthey’rebeingtemptedwithpromotionalposts,”saidZachKing,asocialmediastarwhoperformsmagictricks. “Ithastobesomethingthatisnaturalandfitswiththeimageofthecreator. ”WhydidsocialmediastarspostshortvideosontheirchannelsbeforeSuperstore’ssecondseason?A.ToattractmoreinfluencersB.Todrawaudience ’sattentionC.ToputonbetterperformancesD.Toincreasethechannels ’popularityAdvertisersliketheinfluencermarketingstrategybecause .audiencesbelieveinwhateveronlinestarsrecommendinfluencersarequiteawardoftheimpactofthedigitalageordinaryadvertisementsareoftenignoredbyyoungpeoplesocialmediaplatformsarethecheapestplacetospreadmessagesWhatisimpliedinthepassage?TheinfluencermarketingstrategyhelpbuildconnectionsbetweenexecutivesMostinfluencersgetpaidfromgiftbasketsinsteadoffromtheircompaniesMostinfluencerstakeonmarketingjobsregardlessoftheirreliabilityTheinfluencermarketingstrategymaynotreallyworkwellThepassagemainlywantstotellusthat .mostyoungpeoplelikefollowinginfluencersstudiosarerelyingmoreonsocialmediastarsinfluencersaregraduallyreplacingmoviestarssocialmediaarefilmingvideosforSuperstoreSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.AgereallyshouldbetreatedasjustanumberFeltagemightplayaroleinmorethanjusthowyoufeelFeelingyoungisaboutmaintainingvitalityasyougetolder.Self-feltagehasthepotentialtochange,sointerventions（ 干預(yù)）maybepossible.Andotherstudiessuggestthattherecouldbemorebenefitstothinkingyourselfyounger,besidesalongerlife.Peoplewhofeelyoungerthanthenumberofyearstheyhaveontheclockgetmorepleasurethanpeoplewhofeeltheirage.FeelYoungatHeartandYou'llEnjoyaLongerLifeAge-liarsandbirthday-deniers,you'dbestlearnathingortwofromthosewhoareyoungatheart.Peoplewhofeelyoungerthantheiractualagemaylivelongerthanthosewhofeelolderthantheytrulyare,anewstudysays.67Resultsfromthestudy,publishedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,suggestthatpeoplewhofeelayearormoreolderthantheytrulyarecouldhavearound41percentgreaterriskfordeath.Researcherslookedatnearly6,500olderadults,withanaverageageoffortheystudy.Around70percentofthemfeltyoungerthantheywere,aboutaquarterfelttheirpreciseageandjustunder5percentfeltayearormoreoldertheywere,whenasked“Howolddoyoufeelyouare?"Thosewhofeltolderthantheywerehadahigherdeathrateafterafollow-upperiodof99months.Whilejustandpercentofpeoplewhofeltyoungerorfelttheirage,respectively,diedduringthose99months,percentofthosewhofeltagedbeyondtheiryearshaddied.Theauthorssaymoreresearchisneededonthetopic,butsuggestitcouldbethatthosewhofeel “youngatheart"havehealthierbehaviorsandastrongerwilltolive.“68Individualswhofeeloldercouldbetargetedwithhealthmessagepromotingpositivehealthbehaviorsandattitudestowardaging,“theauthorswriteinthestudy.Thegoodnewsisthatyoucanchangeyourfeelingofhowyoungyouare.69Onerecentstudyfoundthathelpingparticipantshavepositivefeelingstowardage,byshowingthempositivewordassociations,helpedolderadultsimproveinphysicaltaskslikebalancingandgettingupoutofachair,inaslittleasfourweeks.Anotherstudyfoundthatnegativefeelingofagingand

poormemorycanmakeolderadultsfeeluptofiveyearsolder,regardlessoftheiractualmentalabilities.Thereyouhaveit. 70 .SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.DoSmartphonesMakeUsSmarter?Shouldteachersallowcellphonesinaclassroom?Arecentstudyonthewaysmartphonesdisturblearningmighthelpexplaintheissue.Researcherspublishedfindingsshowinghowstudentswereaffectedbytheirphonesintheclassroom.Theyexploredthedifferencesinstudentperformanceinfoursituations:openphoneuseallowed,phonesallowedintheclassroombutcouldnotbeused,nophonesintheclassroomandano-instructioncontrolgroup.Afterwatchinga20-minutedvideo,studentstookashortquiz.Theresultwasthatthestudentsinaroomwithoutanycellphonesperformedsignificantlybetteronthetest.Scientistsbelievethewayweattachourselvestoourphonescouldbetheproblem.Smartphoneshavebecometostronglyestablishedinsocietythatmanypeoplearelostwithoutthem.Wearenowinanagewhenmanypeoplecan’timaginelifewithoutaphone.Thereisevenanamefortheanxietycausedbynothavingone-monophobia,whichisthepowerfulfeelingpeoplegetwhentheydon’thavesignal,theirbatteryisabouttodie,ortheyareseparatedfromtheirphones.Theirfearofmissingoutonimportantinformationorconnectionscanhaveacontrollingeffectontheirlivesandcandividetheirattentionfromotherimportantthingslikelearning.Sodoesinformationtechnologyhelporblockthewaywethink?Inthepast,peoplereliedheavilyonspecificknowledgeandknewhowintheircircleoffriendswouldbemostlikelytoknowthingsindifferentsubjects.Now,ourfriendwithalltheinformationistheInternet.Indicationsarethatpeopledon’trememberinformationaswelliftheyknowtheycanuseacomputerofphonetorecallitquickly.SoitmaybemoredifficulttomoveinformationfromtheInternetintoourlong-termmemory.Buttheimpactofbeingexposedtosomuchinformationisn’tallbad.ReportsshowthatfrequentInternetusecanstrengthenfast-pacedproblemsolvingandcanspeeduptheabilitytospotpatternsinalotofdata.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.73.當(dāng)