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.4動詞詞組.動詞與表示根源和來源的介詞連用fromcomefrom(起源于、出生于、來自),risefrom(起源于),derivefrom(起源于),arisefrom(發(fā)生于、由???而產(chǎn)生),springfrom(來自于、崛起于),emergefrom(出現(xiàn)于),resultfrom(產(chǎn)生于、起源于))stemfrom(發(fā)生于、滋長于))emanatefrom(流出于、出生于),growfrom(由???而生))originatefrom(起源于))proceedfrom(發(fā)生于、由??發(fā)出),bederivedfrom(臨摹、出身于),bedescendedfrom(為?…之后裔、系出,之后裔、系出,copyfrom(抄錄自)quotefromtranslatefromquotefrom(引用自),adaptfrom(改編自)。a.Ihaverisenfromtherankstoamajor.b.Hermoneycamefromarichuncle.c.Seriousdamagemayarisefromcarelessness.d.Thesespringfromtinyseeds.e.Heissprungfromroyalblood.他出身皇家。f.Somethinghasresultedfrommyeffortsg.AccordingtotheBible,wearealldescendedfromAdam.h.ThispictureisacopyfromRaphael.i.ThousandsofEnglishwordsarederivedfrom/derivefromLatin.quotefromtheclassics(引自古文),drawwaterfromawell(從井里汲水),drinkfromariver(臨河而飲),drawconclusionsfromtheevi -deuce(由證據(jù)中取得結(jié)論)。originate(來自),當(dāng)來源是事物時,用from或in皆可;當(dāng)來源為人時,用from或with皆可。comefrom有兩個含義:一是表示“籍貫(出生于何處)”=comeof;一是表示“來自何處”。其區(qū)別在于動詞時態(tài)的不同。當(dāng)表示“籍貫”時,動時用現(xiàn)在時,因籍貫是永遠(yuǎn)不變的。當(dāng)表示“來自何處”時為敘述過去的事情,故用過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時。試比較:a.Wheredoyoucomefrom?你籍貫何處?(以現(xiàn)在時構(gòu)成問句)IcomefromBeijing.我是北京出生的。b.Wheredid/haveyoucomefrom?你來自何處?Icame/havecomefromBeijing.我從北京來。(不一定是北京人)of①ask(要求、請求、詢問)ask的對象為人時,可用asksb.或askofsb.;asksth.ofsb.表示“請求某人做某事、或詢問某人某事”。a.MayIaskafavourofyou?b.MayIaskaquestionofyou?c.Heaskedhiswayofahunter.②beg(請求、要求)a.Hebeggedafavourofmeb.Hebeggedmoneyofcharitablepeople.inquire(詢問、探詢)inquire的賓語為人時,不能直接接人,須接介詞of再接人,成為inquireofsb.。如欲表示“詢問某事”時,須用介詞about:inquireofsb.a(chǎn)boutsth.,意為“詢問某人某事”。inquire的賓語為地方時,接at:I'llinquireattheofficeandthentellyou.我去辦公室打聽一下再告訴你。a.Iinquiredofhimthewaytotown.b.Heinquiredofmethebestwaytogo.c.Iinquiredofhimaboutthematter.d.Sheinquiresofhimaboutheryoungerbrother'sconduct.require(要求)如僅表示“向某人要求”時,require后接of再接人,成“requireofsb.”的形式。如欲表示“要求某人做某事、向某人要求某物”時,用requiresth.ofsb.句型。a.Ihavedoneeverythingthatwasrequiredofme.b.Whatdoyourequireofmec.Sherequiredanapologyofme.她要我道歉。⑤demand(要求)demand必須加of再加被要求的人,demandofsb.表示“向某人要求”。demandsth.ofsb.表示“向某人要求某物(做某事)”。試比較:a.我要求他答復(fù)。Idemandhimofananswer.Idemandananswerofhim.b.Hedemandstoohighapriceofme⑥comeof(出身、出自), bebornof(出生)a.Hecomesofancientfamily.b.Shewasbornofgoodparents.她出身良家。from與of皆可用以表示“起源、出處”,但何時用from,何時用of,須視動詞而定。因此對于from和of所跟的動詞必須加以區(qū)別熟記。of,from皆可用以表示“種族、門第”,但何時用from,何時用of,亦決定于動詞的不同。一般 spring,bederived,bedescended接from,come,beborn接of。c)某些動詞之后可接from或of)意義相同,但接 from居多。此類動詞大多表示“獲得、 期望”之意,如buy,borrow,hire,receive,learn,have(得到),expect,want等。a.ShelearnedherEnglishof/fromanAmerican.b.Allthesebooksmaybehadof/fromanybooksellers.c.Everyoneexpectedgreatthingsof/fromhimd)comefrom表示“籍貫”或“來自何處”。comeof則表示“出身、家庭”。試比較:a.HecomesfromTianjin.他籍貫是天津。b.Hecamefrombeyondtheseasyesterday.他昨天從海外來。c.Hecomesofgoodfamily.他出身良家。d.Hecameofapoorpeasantfamily.他出身于貧窮農(nóng)家。3)outofaskoutof(由?,而發(fā)問))pickoutof(由,,挑選))writeoutofone'sownhead(創(chuàng)作),payoutofone'sownpocket(自己出錢)。a.Heaskedoutofcuriousity.b.Youwillhavetopayoutofyourownpocket.2.動詞和表示推斷的介詞連用fromjudgefrom/by(由?一判定、由???判斷),concludefrom (由?,判定))inferfrom(由???推論、由???推斷))deducefrom(由?…推論、由…推斷),judgefrom/byappearance(以貌取人),speakfromexperience(經(jīng)驗之談),paintfromnature(模仿自然作畫、寫生)。a.Judgingfromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.b.Judgingfrom/byhisappearance,heseemstobeamanofgoodconduct.byjudgeby)knowby(由??知))callby(據(jù)…而叫),tellby(由,…知),recognizeapersonbythevoice(依聲音辨別某人)。a.Amanisusuallyjudgedbywhathedoes.b.Heiscalledbythenameofhisfather.c.Amanisknownbythecompanyhekeeps.觀其所交,而知其人。3.動詞和表示比較的介詞連用tocompareto(把??比作),likento(與?…相象),prefer…to(較喜歡???而不喜歡?…),其中to為介詞。a.Lifeiscomparedtoavoyage.人生好比航海。b.Lifeislikenedtoanactofthestage.人生好比舞臺上一幕戲。c.Ipreferdeathtodishonour.d.Ipreferworkingtodoingnothingwithcomparewith(與??比較),contrastwith(對照、對比),increasewith(隨,…而增加),varywith (隨???而變化)。a.HisEnglishcannotcomparewithmine.b.Thatwillshowagreatincreasecomparedwithtodayc.Icontrastthispicturewiththat.d.Youmaycontrastthisbookwithanotherone.e.Anarmy'spowerincreaseswithitssize.f.Thesizevarieswiththetemperature.4.動詞和表示原因及動機的介詞連用fromsufferfrom(受??之苦),actfrom(由?八而行動),diefrom被用做表示死亡之原因時,其含意是由于外界添加的刺激或影響而致死的,而不是出于本人自身的原因。常見的還有:diefromsomeunknowncause,diefromablow,diefromfatigue,diefromawound,diefromover-work,diefromdrinkingtoomuchwine,diefromhunger,diefromthememoryoftheworld(為世人所忘),diefrom/ofapoplexy,diefromweakness,diefromtheeffectsofoverexposuretothesun。a.Hesuffersfromagreatlossinbusiness.b.Heisnowsufferingfrominfluenza.c.Heackedfromasenseofduty.責(zé)任感使他采取了行動。d.Thebabydiedfromlackofcare.e.Hediedfromablow.f.Thelittlechilddiedfromeatingtoexcess.g.Shediedfromsomeunknowncause.ofdieof用于表死亡的原因時,最常用的是“因???疾病而死亡”,of在此用法中常用:dieofadisease ,dieof(an)illness ,dieofsorrow/love,dieofdiphtheria ,dieof/fromapoplexy,dieofadecline,dieofdisappoint-ment,dieofhunger,dieofthirst,dieofabrokenheart,
dieof/withgriefdieofoldagediedieof/withgriefdieofoldagedieofexhaustion,dieofafall,dieoffever(consumption,cold,smallpox,typhoidfever,congestionofthebrain)。a.Hediedofaheartattack.b.Shediedofhighfever.a(chǎn)tat常和表示情緒或感情的動詞連用,如wonder,marvel,tremble,shudder,rejoice,cry,blush,weep,grieve,hesitate,laugh等。dieat亦表示死亡的原因,常用如下情形:dieatthestake(焚死、受火刑而死),dieatone'spost(殉職)。a.Peoplewonderathislearning.b.Theyrejoicedatthenewsofhissafereturn.c.Shetrembledatthesoundofbursting.d.Heshudderedatthesightofblood.e.Hehesitatedatthedifficulty .f.ShealwayslaughedatagoodJoke.fordiefor表死亡原因時,有指“為某一目的、事業(yè)而死”的意義: dieforone'scountry)dieforone'sfaith)dieforsomecause(為了某種事業(yè)而死))dieforacrime(因罪而死)。Theydiedfortheirmotherland.Hediedforhiscountry.withwith表示原因時,是指由于外界的某種變化而影響到體內(nèi)或內(nèi)心的某種變化的心理原因。常與如下動詞連用: chatter,tremble)quiv-er)shiver)shake)shudder)totter)burst)foil)burn)kindle)seethe (激動))simmer(激動))cry,exclaim,weep。diewith表示死亡原因時,多用于由于某種感情、情緒而導(dǎo)致的死亡。如diewithhorror,diewith/forjoy(由于病極而死),diewithlaughing。a.Hisvoicetrembledwithangry.他的聲音因憤怒而顫抖。b.Sheshookwithlaughter.她笑得全身抖動。c.Thepeopleseethedwithdiscontent.人們因不平而騷動。d.Healmostburstwithlaughter.他幾乎放聲大笑起來。e.Shediedwithhorror.她嚇?biāo)懒?。f.Shediedwith/for/fromoverjoy.overover指由于某原因或事件而產(chǎn)生的心理活動或感情沖動,常和如下動詞連用:cry,weep,laugh,rejoice,mourn,grieve等。a.Welaughoverhisfoolishoperation.b.Shewascryingoverhermisfortunes.c.Sheweptoverhersadfate.d.Weallrejoiceoverthevictorye.Shegrievedoverhermisfortunes.f.Heisfoolishastocryoveranovel.g.Theyrejoicedoverthegloriousvictory.indiein表示死亡原因時,用于下列情形:dieinbattle(戰(zhàn)死),dieinone'sbed(老死),dieinpoverty,dieinannoy,dieinaditch,dieinchildbed/childbirth(因生產(chǎn)而死),dieinone'sboots(橫死、死于非命),dieinharness(殉職)。a.Hediedinhisbedb.Hediedinhisbootsondieon表示死亡原因時,常指如下情形:dieonthescaffold(死在劊子手之手),dieonthebattlefield(戰(zhàn)死)。bydieby表示死亡原因時,常指如下情形:diebyviolence(死于非命、橫死、慘死),diebythesword(死于刀劍之下),diebyhanging(縊死),diebypestilence(死于流行的疾?。?,diebyone'sownhand(自殺),diebydrowning(溺死)。5.動詞和表示理由的介詞連用blamefor常與dismiss,punish,blamesuffer,reward等動詞連用,表示賞罰的理由,如winamedalforbravery,sufferforone'ssins,senttoprisonforstealing。a.Heavenhasrewardedhimforhishonesty.b.Hewasrewardedforsavingthegirl'slife.c.Hewaspunishedforstealing.d.Hewasdismissedforneglectinghiswork.e.Youwillsufferforyourwickednesssomeday.sufferfor和sufferfrom有區(qū)別,sufferfor后接的原因大都是主語做的壞事(如犯罪等),而 sufferfrom后接不是原因,而是遭受的對象,意即給主語帶來痛苦的東西(如貧窮、疾病等)。for與apologize,makeup連用,表示“補償”之意。f.Youshouldapologizeforyourrudeness.g.Wemustmakeupforlosttime.6.動詞和表示品質(zhì)、材料、構(gòu)成成份的介詞連用1)of
表示“材料、由???做成”of表示“材料、由???做成”of后的材料與成品性質(zhì)相同,只發(fā)生物理變化。(注意與from的區(qū)別),常用的有: makeof,buildof,formof,weaveof,createof,常用作被動語態(tài)。表示“組成成分”,of常與下列動詞構(gòu)成成語:consistof(由?…組成),becomposedof,bemadeupof,beformedof。consistof中無be動詞,以上幾個成語可以互相換用。a.Bottlesaremadeofglass.b.Thishouseisbuiltofstones.c.Theclothiswovenofsilkandgold.d.Manconsistsofsoulandbodye.Watermadeupofoxygenandhydrogen.f.Japanisformedoffourlargeislands.from,outoffrom表示“由?一制成”,是指成品與原材料之間發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化即化學(xué)變化,如:Wineismadefrompineapple.當(dāng)材料變質(zhì)與否不明時,可用of或from。若以材料為主語,而以成品為賓語,則用into,而不使用from或of,而outof表示“由…做成的、什么材料被做成為什么成品”之意。a.Breadismadefrom/offlourandwater.b.Flourismadeintobread.c.Wemakepaperintomanythings.makeof原是makeoutof的省略形式,故makeoutof也指物理變化,當(dāng)make和of分開時,用makeoutof,否則用makeof。試比較:d.Manyusefulthingsaremadeofpaper.Wemakemanythingsoutofpaper.e.Manythingsaremadeofbamboo.Wemakemanythingsoutofbamboo雖然把 make和of分開,但表示“造就成…、當(dāng)成是…”的意義時,則仍使用of而不用outof。f.Iwillmakeateacherofyou.我將使你成為教師。g.Shewillmakeafoolofhim.她將愚弄他。in表示“用???原料、用???語言”意義,in常和write,speak,castem-broider,paint,answer等動詞連用。a.Hepaintedinoils,butIpaintedinwater-colors.b.Youmustwritelettersinink.c.CanyouansweritinEnglish?d.Thedesignisembroideredingold.e.Thestatuewascastinbronze.f.Hedidnotwriteitinink,butwithapencil.在表示“材料”時,in常和with混用,須特別注意。in表示“材料”,而with表示“工具”,如“我將用墨水寫封信”是:Ishallwritealetterinink.而不是用withink,因為ink為原料而非工具,再如下例則更易混錯:writeinpencil/chalk;表示“工具”之意時,則須用writewithapencil/apieceofchalk。判別方法:①物質(zhì)名詞:表示材料,此時一般用 ino②普通名同:可表示材料與工具,當(dāng)該名詞前無冠詞也不是復(fù)數(shù)形式時,一般表示材料用in;如有冠詞或用復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般表示工具,用with。in表示“穿戴衣服、鞋子”等時,常和bedressed,clothed,clad(穿衣),attired(穿著),arrayed(穿著)等連用。a.WeusuallywriteinblueinkWeusuallywritewithpensorpencils.b.Don'twritealetterinpencil .Don'twritealetterwithapencil .c.Shewasdressedinabluehatwitharedfloweronit.b.Inspringthemountainsareclothedinverdure.withwith用于表示材料時,常指“用…裝飾、用…充滿”之意,常與下列動詞連用: abound,fill,crowd,pack,cram,teem,load,pave,cover,stud(散布),decorate,ornament,sprinkle(撒),stain(沾污),spread,line(排列著),furnish(供應(yīng)),equip)stock)arm(裝備))store)如apathpavedwithbrick,acareerpavedwithgoodintentions,aseastuddedwithislands,loadone'sstomachwithfood。a.Indiaaboundswithrain.b.Thebottlewasfilledwithwater.c.Theroadispavedwithstones.d.Theriverteemswithfish.(Fishteeminthisriver.)e.Hewenthomeloadedwithhonours.f.ThecitywasalldecoratedwithflagsonNationalDayg.Wearewellprovidedwithfoodandclothing.h.Hishandswerestainedwithdye.7.動詞和表示狀況、情況的介詞into連用常見的該類成語有:get/runintodebt(負(fù)債),getintotrouble,flyintoapassion/rage(大發(fā)脾氣),fallintodisgrace(失寵),comeintoplan(開始活動),fallintoanerror(犯錯誤),burstintoflame/tears,comeintoforce,comeintofashion/style(流行),putintoexecution(實行),putintoeffect(實施),putintoone'shead(使想起),
getintofavour (受歡迎))getintobusiness(做生意)。ManisliabletofallintoerrorWhendidthenewstyleofdresscomeintofashion?Heflewintoapassion.Thattypeofeveningdresscameintostyleshortlyafterthewar8.動詞和表示目的、目標(biāo)的介詞連用(1)forfor可以表示目的,for也可表示“希望、愿望”的目的,常和下列動詞連用:hope,愿望”的目的,常和下列動詞連用:hope,wish,crave,hanker(渴望),sigh(熱望、思念),pine(渴慕),yearn,long,hunger,thirst。hopeforthebest,yearnforhome,hungerforknowledge,hankerforaffection。a.Theyfoughtforindependence.b.Theywentoutforapicnic.c.Wearegoingforabath.d.Wehopeforfineweather.e.Themotheryearnsforherchildren.f.Neverthirstforriches上述long,yearn,crave,hanker,thirst,hunger等后也可接 after,意義不變,只是語氣較for強,而現(xiàn)代英語以接 for較為普遍。for又可表示“搜索、尋求”的目的,常和look,seek,search,hunt連用,構(gòu)成成語:searchfor/aftertruth,huntfor/afteralostbook。for還可表示“祈求”的目的,常和ask,beg,pray,apply連用。a.I'mlookingformypen.b.Theteacherissearchingforthemissingpapers.上述for除look后均可換為afterJookfor意為“尋找",lookafter意為“照顧、照料”。試比較:a.I'mlookingformywatchb?I'lllookafterhischildren .askfor表示“懇求、請求”之意。注意以下幾點:①當(dāng)表示“要求某物”時用askforsth.,當(dāng)表示“要求某物被如何”時,用askforsth.tobedone。Thebeggaraskedforaloafofbread.Heaskedforthedoortobeshut②表示“向某人要求某物”時,用asksb.forsth.。Don'tcomeandaskmeformoneysooften.③如欲表示“要求某人做某事"用asksb.todosth.。Askhimtodoitforyouaskafter意為“問候、問安"。applytosb.forsth.意為“向某人請求某物”。Heisapplyingforanappointment.Weshallapplytofriendsforhelp.beg與ask的用法相同。pray的常用句型為:prayforsth.,praytoGod/sb.forsth.,prayforpeace,prayforpardon。a.HeprayedtoGodforhelp.b.Thepeasantsareprayingforrain.for還可表示“勞心、勞力”的目的,常和work,labour,toil(辛勞工作),read,study,struggle,strive,compete,contend,contest,try,scramble等動詞連用。striveforliberty,tryforaprize,striveforthetruth,struggleforinfluence/power,striveformastery,contendforaprize,competeforcustom,scrambleforseats。a.Helaboursforthehappinessofmankind.b.Sometoilformoney,someforfame.c.Wemuststriveforindependenceandliberty.for還可表示“準(zhǔn)備”的目的,如preparefor)makepreparationfor(為?,準(zhǔn)備))prepare,ready后接against則表示“預(yù)防、防備”之意。a.Ihavebeenpreparingmyselffortheentranceexamination.b.Haveyoumadeanypreparationforyourtripfor還可表示“有???才能、資格”,常用的成語有:bequalifiedfor(有,…的資格),becutoutfor(有…的才能),havetalentfor(有…的才能))haveageniusfor(有…的天才),have(no)ability for/in(有/無做?…的力量),havegreattalentfor(有…的天才))haveaturnfor(有…的天才),haveatalentformusic(有音樂天才),haveaneyeforthepicturesque(有審美眼光),haveagoodearformusic(對音樂有高超的鑒賞力),begiftedforsomething(做某事有天賦)。a.Hehasanaptitudeforlanguagesb.Heisnotcutoutforthatsortofwork.c.Hehasgreattalentforpainting.d.Hehasagoodearformusic.for還可表示“嗜好、喜好”的目的,常見的成語有:haveatastefor(喜好),haveafondnessfor(喜歡),havealikingfor(喜歡),haveaweaknessfor(偏好),haveafancyfor(喜好),goinfor(愛好),carefor(喜歡) ,haveaninclinationfor(愛好), haveatasteforart,haveaweaknessformusi
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