托福分類詞匯表

16.16.普通心理學(xué)general28.測(cè)謊器liedetector托福分類詞匯表（共17類863個(gè)常用單詞）一、psychology心理mental心理的physical身體的，物質(zhì)的，物理的spiritual心靈的conformity從眾majority多數(shù)人minority少數(shù)人thresholdjudgment（心理學(xué)）初始性判斷subject受實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象心理學(xué)psychology心理現(xiàn)象mentalphenomenon心理過程mentalprocess心理狀態(tài)mentalstate心理活動(dòng)mentalactivity意識(shí)consciousness內(nèi)部活動(dòng)internalactivitypsychology.實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)experimentalpsychology.行為科學(xué)behavioralscience.心身關(guān)系mind-bodyrelation.遺傳heredity.活動(dòng)理論activitytheory.中央處理器模型centralprocessormodel.信息儲(chǔ)存informationstorage.人工智能artificialintelligence,AI.計(jì)算機(jī)類比computeranalogy.計(jì)算機(jī)模擬computersimulation.計(jì)算機(jī)模型computermodel.預(yù)期誤差anticipationerror.正誤法methodofrightandwrongcases.反應(yīng)response.訪談法interviewmethod.問卷法questionnaire.表情法methodofexpression.提示法anticipationmethod.視覺vision.瞳孔pupil.可見光visiblelight.顏色匹配colormatching.顏色對(duì)比colorcontrast.顏色混合colormixture.加色混合additivecolormixture.色弱colorweakness.紅色弱redweakness.色盲colorblindness.紅色盲redblindness.藍(lán)黃色盲blue-yellowblindness.內(nèi)耳innerear.中耳middleear.反映reflection二、geography地理geography地理geographer地理學(xué)家hemisphere半球meridian子午線，經(jīng)線parallel平行圈，緯線latitude經(jīng)度longitude精度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes溫帶地區(qū)horizon地平線equator赤道tropics熱帶地區(qū)Arctic北極Antarctic(Antarctica)南極expedition探險(xiǎn)timezone時(shí)區(qū)topography地形，地形學(xué)plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地區(qū)island島嶼continentalisland大陸島volcanicisland火山島coralisland珊瑚島islet小島/ailit/peninsular半島continent大陸continentalshelf大陸架ranges山脈valley峽谷canyon峽谷channel(strait)海峽remote-sensing遙感的terrestrial地球的，陸地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地?zé)醫(yī)errestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continentaldrift大陸漂移學(xué)說sea-floorspreading海床擴(kuò)展evaporation蒸發(fā)salinity含鹽度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物，沉積物tropical熱帶的temperate溫帶的frigid寒帶的formation形成frostheaving凍脹現(xiàn)象fieldstone卵石三、geology地質(zhì)學(xué)geologist地質(zhì)學(xué)家crust地殼mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陸地殼oceaniccrust海洋地殼7.layer(stratum,復(fù)數(shù)strata)地層plate板塊fault斷層faultplane斷層面faultzone斷層帶rift(crack;split)斷裂".disintegration(decomposition)分解，崩潰erosion腐蝕fossil化石igneousrock火成巖sedimentaryrock沉積巖metamorphicrock變質(zhì)巖quartz石英/kwa:ts/limestone石灰?guī)rmarble大理石granite花崗巖lithogenous巖成的lithosphere巖石圈magma巖漿mineral礦物ore礦石deposit礦床platinum白金，車白silver銀copper黃銅aluminum鋁tin錫lead鉛zinc鋅nickel銀mercury汞，水銀sodium鈉gem寶石diamond鉆石emerald綠寶石ruby紅寶石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期glacialdrift冰漬iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山噴發(fā)crater火山口lava火山巖漿volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山塵volcanicash火山灰earthquake(quake;tremor;seism)地震seismic地震的seismology地震學(xué)magnitude震級(jí)seismicwave地震波cataclysm災(zāi)變四、anthropologist人類學(xué)家paleoanthropologist古人類學(xué)豕ecologicalanthropologist生態(tài)人類學(xué)家psychologicalanthropologist心理人類學(xué)家origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人(科)homogeneous同——種族(種類)的tribe部落clan氏族archeologist考古學(xué)家excavation挖掘excavate(unearth)挖掘ruins遺跡,廢墟remains遺跡，遺骸artifact手工藝品relic遺物，文物antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老StoneAge石器時(shí)代BronzeAge(青)銅器時(shí)代IronAge鐵器時(shí)代Paleolithic舊石器時(shí)代的Mesolithic中石器時(shí)代的Neolithic新石器時(shí)代的archaeology考古學(xué)anthropology人類學(xué)morphology形態(tài)學(xué)skull顱骨cranial顱骨的五、ecology生態(tài)學(xué)ecologist生態(tài)學(xué)家ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)balance(ofnature)自然界生態(tài)平衡fauna動(dòng)物群flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物鏈acidrain酸雨greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)infraredradiation紅外線輻射ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧層ultravioletradiation紫外輻射pollution污染pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空氣污染waterpollution水污染noisepollution噪音污染soilpollution土壤污染pollution-free無污染pollutant污染物noxious(toxic)有毒的fumes(有毒)廢氣waste廢物solidwaste固體垃圾sewage(wastewater)污水sewagepurification污水凈化sewagedisposal污水處理decibel(噪音)分貝六、meteorology氣象meteorology氣象meteorologist氣象學(xué)家forecast(predict)預(yù)報(bào)climate氣候atmosphere大氣層troposphere對(duì)流層current(氣)流vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸發(fā)damp(wet;moist;humid)潮濕的humidity濕度moisture潮濕；水分saturate飽和dew露frost霜fog(mist)霧smog煙霧droplet小水珠condense濃縮crystal水晶體downpour(torrentialrain)大雨tempest(storm)暴風(fēng)雨drizzle細(xì)雨shower陣雨hail冰雹blizzard(snowstorm)暴風(fēng)雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水，沉淀物，猛沖breeze微風(fēng)gale大風(fēng)/geil/whirlwind旋風(fēng)typhoon臺(tái)風(fēng)hurricane颶風(fēng)tornado(twister,cyclone)龍卷風(fēng)funnel漏斗，漏斗云disaster(calamity,catastrophe)災(zāi)難devastation破壞，荒廢submerge淹沒drought旱災(zāi)七、chemistry化學(xué).chemicalproperty化學(xué)特性，化學(xué)性質(zhì).chemical composition(makeup)化學(xué)成分.chemicalagent化學(xué)試齊1J.chemicalreaction化學(xué)反應(yīng).chemicalchange化學(xué)變化.chemicalbond化學(xué)鍵.chemicalapparatus化學(xué)器械8.substance(matter;material)物質(zhì)element兀素periodictable周期表oxygen氧nitrogen氮helium氨carbon碳calcium鈣silicon硅sulfur硫iodine碘compound化合物hydrocarbon碳?xì)浠衔飀erivative衍生物alchemy煉金術(shù)petroleum(oil)石油petroleumproducts石油產(chǎn)品crudeoil原油refine提煉，精煉gasoline汽油methane甲烷solution溶液dissolve溶解11.hydrogen氫solvent溶劑33.solubility33.solubility可溶性 53.dye染料cohesive聚合力adhesive粘合力atom原子nucleus原子核electron電子neutron中子proton質(zhì)子molecule分子particle粒子ion離子particleaccelerator粒子力口速器catalysis(復(fù)數(shù)catalyses)催化作用catalyst催化劑artificial人造的synthetic合成的syntheticfiber人造纖維polymer聚合物polymerization聚合作用plastic塑料54.cosmetics化妝品八、physics物理physics物理mechanics力學(xué)thermodynamics熱力學(xué)acoustics聲學(xué)electromagnetism電磁學(xué)optics光學(xué)dynamics動(dòng)力學(xué)force力velocity速度acceleration力口速度equilibrium平衡statics靜力學(xué)motion運(yùn)動(dòng)inertia慣性gravitation引力relativity相對(duì)gravity地心引力vibration震動(dòng)medium(media)媒質(zhì)20.frequency20.frequency頻率 41.electricappliance電器wavelength波長(zhǎng)pitch音高intensity強(qiáng)度echo回聲r(shí)esonance回聲，洪亮sonar聲納ultrasonics超聲學(xué)electricity電staticelectricity靜電magnetism磁性，磁力magnet磁體electromagnet電磁magneticfield磁場(chǎng)electriccurrent電流directcurrent(DC)直流電alternatingcurrent(AC)交流電electriccircuit電路electriccharge電荷electricvoltage電壓electricshock觸電conductor導(dǎo)體insulator絕緣體semiconductor半導(dǎo)體battery(cell)電池drybattery干電池storagebattery蓄電池electronics電子學(xué)electronic電子的electroniccomponent(part)電子零件integratedcircuit集成電路chip集成電器片，集成塊electrontube電子管vacuumtube真空管transistor晶體管amplification(名詞)放大amplify (動(dòng)詞)放大amplifier放大器，揚(yáng)聲器oscillation震蕩optical光(學(xué))的opticalfiber光學(xué)纖維27.algebra27.algebra代數(shù) 47.circumference圓周lens透鏡，鏡片convex凸透鏡concave凹透鏡microscope顯微鏡telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡magnifier放大鏡spectrum光譜ultraviolet紫外線XraysX射線Gammarays丫射線infraredrays紅夕卜線microwaves微波dispersion色散transparent透明的translucent半透明opaque不透明的九、mathematicsmathematics數(shù)學(xué)mathematician數(shù)學(xué)家arithmetic算術(shù)abacus算盤numeral數(shù)字sum和total(sumtotal)總和，總數(shù)aggregate總計(jì)fraction分?jǐn)?shù)，小數(shù)decimal十進(jìn)位，(十進(jìn))小數(shù)digit數(shù)字，數(shù)位percentage百分比addition加法plus加上subtraction減法minus減去multiplication乘法multiplicationtable乘法表multiply乘以times乘以power乘方square平方calculation計(jì)算calculator計(jì)算器division除法divide除以quantity表示量的數(shù)(或符號(hào))equation方程式，等式formula公式，慣例root根geometry幾何geometric幾何的dimension維paralleladj.平行的n.平行線quadrilateral四邊形square正方形area面積rectangle長(zhǎng)方形，矩形polygon多邊形cube立方形volume體積sphere球形circle圓形ellipse(oval)橢圓形cone圓錐形diameter直徑radius半徑triangle三角形angle角degree(角)度calculus微積分differentialcalculus微分學(xué)integralcalculus積分學(xué)function函數(shù)probability概率statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)quantitative量的，數(shù)量的qualitative質(zhì)的，質(zhì)量的deduction(inference)推論,演繹，扣除induction歸納十、agriculture農(nóng)業(yè).agriculture(farming)農(nóng)業(yè).agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的3.land(soil)土壤；土地4.soilconservation土壤保護(hù)5.soilerosion泥土流失silt粉砂，泥沙clay黏土，濕土clod土塊agrarian土地的，農(nóng)業(yè)的pilot(experimental)試驗(yàn)性的harrow(rake)耙，耙土ridge田展furrow犁溝plot(patch)小塊地ranch農(nóng)場(chǎng)，牧場(chǎng)plantation種植園orchard果園nursery苗圃seedbed苗床sickle鐮刀spade鏟，鍬shovel(平頭)鏟pick稿tractor拖拉機(jī)cultivate(till)耕作sow(seed)播種harvest收割weed除草irrigate灌溉manurefertilizer)肥料spray噴灑(農(nóng)藥)insecticide(pesticide)殺蟲劑pest害蟲rust銹病grain(cereal)谷物，谷粒granary(grainstore)糧倉(cāng)mill碾，磨wheat小麥corn玉米rice大米barley大麥sorghum高粱oats燕麥rye黑麥millet粟，小米vegetable蔬菜horticulture園藝學(xué)67.leek韭菜hydroponics水栽法，營(yíng)養(yǎng)液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse,hotbed)溫室cabbage洋白菜lettuce生菜mustard芥菜spinach菠菜broccoli花椰菜cucumber黃瓜eggplant茄子pepper辣椒pumpkin南瓜tomato西紅柿beet甜菜carrot胡蘿卜radish小紅蘿卜pea豌豆soybean大豆celery芹菜garlic大蒜onion洋蔥頭potato土豆peanut花生sesame芝麻cotton棉花husbandry(animalhusbandry)畜牧業(yè)pasture牧場(chǎng)livestock家畜fowl(poultry)家禽cattle牛，家畜buffalo野牛dairy(dairycattle)奶牛dairyfarm乳牛場(chǎng)hay(作飼料用)干草haystack干草堆fodder(feed)飼料trough飼料梢barn(shed)牲口梢stable廄，馬廄cowshed牛棚pigpen(hogpen,pigsty)豬15.bird鳥類圈sheepfold(sheeppen)羊欄roost(henhouse)雞舍fishfarm養(yǎng)魚場(chǎng)aquaculture水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖十一、animal動(dòng)物Darvinism達(dá)爾文學(xué)說naturalselection自然選擇class綱order目family科genus屬suborder亞目species種invertebrate無脊椎動(dòng)物vertebrate脊椎動(dòng)物aquatic(life)水生動(dòng)物reptile爬行動(dòng)物amphibian(amphibiousanimal)兩棲動(dòng)物dinosaur恐龍extinction滅絕mammal哺乳動(dòng)物primates靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物insect昆蟲antenna(復(fù)數(shù)antennae)觸須larva幼蟲，幼體camouflage偽裝pest害蟲worm蟲，蠕蟲hibernate冬眠lizard蜥蜴chameleon變色蜥蜴regeneration再生turtle龜beast野獸domesticate馴養(yǎng)predatory(carnivorous)食肉的predator捕食者prey (動(dòng)詞)捕食(名詞)被捕食的動(dòng)物被捕食的動(dòng)物55.crab螃蟹scavenger食腐動(dòng)物migrate遷移wing翅膀，翼bill（鳥）嘴beak（鷹等的）嘴nest筑巢dolphin海豚whale鯨魚bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩habitat棲息地rodent嚙齒動(dòng)物（如松鼠）primate靈長(zhǎng)動(dòng)物plankton浮游生物mollusk軟體動(dòng)物coelenterate腔腸動(dòng)物（如珊瑚）shrimp小蝦prawn對(duì)蝦lobster對(duì)蝦clam蛤蝴sponge海綿coral珊瑚starfish海星canary金絲雀chirp（鳥，蟲的叫聲）唧唧squeak（老鼠等）吱吱porpoise海豚sloth樹懶slothful懶惰的hygiene衛(wèi)生sanitation衛(wèi)生parasite寄生蟲moth蛾caterpillar毛蟲hordes（昆蟲等）群swarms（昆蟲等）群flock（鳥，羊等）群community動(dòng)物的群落或人的部落herd獸群

bunch（花等）束，捧beaver海貍monogamous——夫——妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous——夫多妻的，——雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper誘捕動(dòng)物者rhinoceros犀牛niche小生態(tài)環(huán)境vestige退化器官，遺跡oyster牡蠣fertilizer使…受精larvae幼蟲tentacle觸角homotherm恒溫動(dòng)物poikilotherm變溫動(dòng)物metabolism新陳代謝baboon狒狒breed（名詞）品種，（動(dòng)詞）繁殖multiply(reproduce)繁殖hatch孵spawn(魚、蝦、蛀等)孵offspring(young)解剖學(xué)anatomyoffspring(young)解剖學(xué)anatomy解剖學(xué)生物微生物食草的食肉的雜事的十二、plant植物botany植物學(xué)botanist植物學(xué)家botanical(botanic)植物的plant植物aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant寄生植物root根canopy樹冠層，頂棚foliage(leaf)葉10.leaflet10.leaflet小葉 31.shrub（bush）灌木rosette（葉的）叢生stem莖stalk桿leafstalk葉柄shoot（sprout）嫩芽，抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel（skin）果皮shell（硬）果殼husk（干）果殼；（玉米）苞葉trunk樹干branch樹枝bough大或者粗的樹枝twig小樹枝bark樹皮jungle叢林lawn草坪meadow草地，牧場(chǎng)prairie大草原cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨類植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用symbiosis共生wither（shrivel,fade）凋謝pollen花粉pollinate傳授花粉pollination授粉cell細(xì)胞tissue組織organ器官system系統(tǒng)seeds種子everlasting永久的orchid蘭花pollinate授粉crossbreed雜交shrub灌木sequoia紅杉rootpressure根壓cohesion-tension 凝聚壓力bore腔，腸column花柱symbiotic共生的immunity免疫organism生物，有機(jī)物necrosis壞死barren貧瘠futile無用的carbohydrate（starch）碳水化合物（淀粉），糖類glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白質(zhì)vitamin維他命c(diǎn)alorie卡路里（熱量單位）malnourished營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的nutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng)十三、politics政治constitution憲法legislation立法Democrats民主黨Republicans共和黨Amendment修正案Congress美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)Senate參議院HouseofRepresentatives眾議院monarchy君主制anarchism無政府主義federalsystem聯(lián)邦制presidentialsystem總統(tǒng)制municipal市的，市政的metropolitan大都市的centralized中央集權(quán)的ideology意識(shí)形態(tài)maneuver策略，演習(xí)tariff關(guān)稅immigrant移民institutionalize機(jī)構(gòu)化election選舉vote投票officeholding任職24.veto24.veto否決 43.unionization聯(lián)合，結(jié)合AmericanRevolution美國(guó)革命/獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)IndependenceWar美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)AmericanCivilWar美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)radical激進(jìn)的，根本的overturning顛覆性的independent獨(dú)立的breathtaking激動(dòng)人心的military軍事的colonize拓殖，殖民percapita人均treason叛國(guó)conspiracy陰謀imprisonment監(jiān)禁release釋放pardon特赦accusation譴責(zé)，指控welfare福利Jpatronage資助，贊助十四、education教育educator教育家highereducation高等教育moralcharacter道德品質(zhì)domain領(lǐng)域faculty全體教員alumni校友treasurer生活委員，財(cái)務(wù)大臣electivesystem選課制度curriculum課程（總稱）discipline學(xué)科，管理learnbyrote死記硬背十五、music音樂musicalinstrument樂器orchestra樂隊(duì)string弦樂wind管樂shookrattle搖撥浪鼓pounddrum擊鼓footbeat點(diǎn)腳，跺腳percussion震蕩，打擊樂器note音符score樂譜movement樂章fanatical狂熱的hillbillymusic鄉(xiāng)村音樂folkmusic民間音樂popmusic流行音樂classicalmusic古典音樂Jazz爵士樂十六、astronomy天文astronomy天文學(xué)astronomical天文的astronomicalobservatory天文臺(tái)astronomer天文學(xué)家astrophysics天文物理學(xué)astrology占星學(xué)pseudoscience偽科學(xué)cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙學(xué)infinite無限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙輻射cosmicrays宇宙射線celestial天的celestialbody(heavenlybody)天體celestialmap(skyatlas)天體圖celestialsphere天球dwarf(dwarfstar)矮星quasar類星體，類星射電源constellation星座galaxy(MilkyWay)新河系cluster星團(tuán)solarsystem太陽(yáng)系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太陽(yáng)輻射planet行星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)，繞轉(zhuǎn)twinkle閃爍

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