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周維清他們這邊周維清他們這邊,眾人已經(jīng)迅速做出了反應(yīng),林天熬身形一閃,就沖到了周維清面前,本命珠釋放而出。能讓周維清狼狽逃回來(lái)的對(duì)手,又豈會(huì)普通?
烏鴉也扯著馬群來(lái)到周維清另一邊,上官菲兒則是騰身而起,以她那天不怕、地不怕的性格,當(dāng)然不肯就這樣避開,而是朝著外面血紅獄眾人看去。
不過(guò),當(dāng)她看清外面眾人時(shí),也是倒吸一口涼氣,沈小魔她也是認(rèn)識(shí)的,和沈小魔在一起,修為還都比她高,可想而知這些是什么人了。
沈小魔被戰(zhàn)凌天一掌震退,被同伴接了下來(lái),瞳孔驟然收縮,她也看到了戰(zhàn)凌天和上官菲兒。
“是你們?”沈小魔趕忙一抬手,阻止打算動(dòng)手的同伴。
那活閻羅看到沈小魔被震飛出來(lái),也是冷了一下,但他身上的氣息卻更加陰冷了。
”戰(zhàn)凌天,你怎么會(huì)和他在一起?你是上官雪兒?“沈小魔眼中流露著驚疑不定的神色。
浩渺宮居中調(diào)停的事她還記得很清楚,只是沒(méi)想到,浩渺宮竟然會(huì)派出眼前這兩今年青一代的翹楚來(lái)保護(hù)周維請(qǐng)。從她的角度,也只能認(rèn)為是這樣了。
戰(zhàn)凌天冷哼一聲,已經(jīng)站了起來(lái),”我們和誰(shuí)在一起,似乎還不用你來(lái)質(zhì)詢。你貿(mào)然向我動(dòng)手,可是想挑釁我們浩渺宮么?”
盡管面對(duì)這么多強(qiáng)者,但他自恃來(lái)自于浩渺宮,怎會(huì)看得起五大圣地排名靠后的血紅獄?
”你不過(guò)是一個(gè)小輩,憑你也想代表浩渺宮?“活閻羅開口了,他緩步上前,走到了最前面,與此同時(shí),他也釋放出了自己的本命珠。
在他右手手腕上,整整十顆黑色的墨翡翠體珠悄然律動(dòng),周圍的空氣似乎都隨之凝固了。
體珠中,墨翡翠代表的是耐力,主要表現(xiàn)為抗擊打能力和持續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗能力上。雖然防御不如黃翡,但擁有墨翡翠體珠的天珠師卻是最為難纏的。
”天王級(jí)。
“周維清倒吸一口涼氣,正像他預(yù)料中最壞的那樣,眼前這位來(lái)自血紅獄的老者,正是天王級(jí)強(qiáng)者。
戰(zhàn)凌天那么驕傲的人,在看到對(duì)方的十顆體珠時(shí),臉上神色也是驟然一滯,變得有些不自然了。天珠師一旦進(jìn)入天王級(jí),那就走進(jìn)入了另一個(gè)層次,絕對(duì)都是威懾一方的人物,哪怕在浩渺宮,天王級(jí)以上的強(qiáng)者數(shù)量也不是太多。叫他一聲小輩,他還真不敢還嘴。
”敢問(wèn)您是血紅獄哪位前輩高人?”戰(zhàn)凌天硬著頭皮雙手抱拳問(wèn)道。
活閻羅淡淡的道:“老夫活閻羅寒天估,血紅獄無(wú)名小輩而已,我這無(wú)名小輩要是挑釁了你,也算不得是我們血紅獄拖釁浩渺宮吧?!?/p>
戰(zhàn)凌天的臉色很難看,可他偏偏又發(fā)作不出來(lái),一時(shí)間不知該如何回話了。
這時(shí)候,就顯現(xiàn)出周維清的狡猾了,他就戰(zhàn)在戰(zhàn)凌天背后,低眉順眼的一聲不吭,似乎他完全是戰(zhàn)凌天的跟班一樣,把那驕傲的鼎渺宮翹楚頂在前面。
上官菲兒在一旁卻是忍不住了“,活閻羅?還真沒(méi)聽說(shuō)過(guò)。想必閣下剛剛晉升天王級(jí)也時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)吧。這次應(yīng)該是前往萬(wàn)獸天堂尋找適合拓印的天獸。你話里話外,似乎就沒(méi)把我們浩渺宮看在眼中。我四叔曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò),因?yàn)樘熘榇筚惿蠣?zhēng)端,翡麗戰(zhàn)隊(duì)和丹頓戰(zhàn)隊(duì)的仇恨就此為止,并且他親自做的擔(dān)保,才讓維清為沈小魔解的毒?,F(xiàn)在你們打算要恩將仇報(bào)么?這還不算對(duì)我們浩渺宮的挑釁?”
聽上官菲兒這么一說(shuō),沈小魔下意識(shí)的看向活閻羅,確實(shí),有上官龍吟的擔(dān)保,他們?cè)僖獙?duì)周維清不利,浩渺宮那邊就很難說(shuō)得過(guò)去了。雖然還不至于挑起兩大圣地之爭(zhēng),但很明顯,浩渺宮絕不會(huì)善罷甘休。浩渺宮,好一個(gè)浩渺宮活閻羅冷哼一聲,“浩渺宮,好一個(gè)浩渺宮。如果不是你們運(yùn)氣好,占據(jù)了天珠島這樣的洞天福地,單憑底蘊(yùn),你們也能成為五大圣地之首?”
一邊說(shuō)著,他抬起自己的左手,眾人頓時(shí)看到,他左手上是沒(méi)有小指和無(wú)名指的“,我這兩根手指,就是當(dāng)初上官龍吟毀了的,他仗著凝形裝備比我好,硬是將我打成重傷。為的,也只是你們浩渺宮所謂的面子。老夫閉關(guān)多年,終于沖入天王級(jí),本就沒(méi)打算再忍你們浩渺宮。今天在這里遇到你們這群小輩,竟然也敢向老夫挑釁。很好、很好。只是不知道,老夫要是將你們趕盡殺絕,再將這里所有獸人都?xì)⒘艘黄饸瑴幺E,有誰(shuí)知道是我們血紅獄下的手?”
這一下,戰(zhàn)凌天和上官菲兒的臉色也都變了,一個(gè)出自于圣地的天王級(jí)強(qiáng)者不顧身份要?dú)⑺麄?,他們這些人真能抵擋的住么?
戰(zhàn)凌天沉聲道:“菲兒,你走?;厝グ咽虑楦嬖V二位宮主,為我報(bào)仇,一邊說(shuō)著,他手腕一抖,暗金色光芒只經(jīng)隨之閃亮,周維清曾經(jīng)面對(duì)過(guò)的那條金黑雙色長(zhǎng)槍已經(jīng)落入掌中。手掌一擰長(zhǎng)槍,鋒銳直指活閻羅寒天佑。
一股慘烈的殺氣驟然從戰(zhàn)凌天身上迸發(fā)而出,在那濃烈的殺機(jī)之中,他整個(gè)人仿佛已經(jīng)融入了天地一般,將生死置之度外的瞬間,也令他的精氣神提升到了巔峰。
沈小魔有些猶疑的向寒天佑道:“寒老,這樣不好吧。讓他們交出周維清就算了。”
寒天佑冷哼一聲“,有什么不好的?削弱浩渺宮的實(shí)力對(duì)我們只有好處,放他們回去,反而會(huì)令浩渺宮因此事來(lái)找我們麻煩,在這里只要做的干凈一些,何來(lái)麻煩?你們幾個(gè)不用插手,護(hù)住外圍,不得讓任何人靠近,也防備這幾個(gè)小子逃走。”
一邊說(shuō)著,寒天佑身形一閃,哪怕是戰(zhàn)凌天也沒(méi)看清楚他是如何行動(dòng)的,他已經(jīng)一掌拍到了戰(zhàn)凌天面前。
他出手的是左掌,能夠清楚的看到,在他左手手腕上,呈現(xiàn)為晶紅色的星光紅寶石意珠爍爍放光。他的意珠雖然只是單屬性的,但能夠修煉到天王級(jí),這寒天佑的實(shí)力已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)凌駕于周維清他們這些人之上。
寒天佑的左手在剎那間仿佛就已經(jīng)脹大了數(shù)倍,熾熱的氣流雖然是直奔戰(zhàn)凌天而去,但卻將其余眾人也都籠罩在了其中。
在這個(gè)時(shí)候,其實(shí)心中最郁悶的就屬周維清了,當(dāng)戰(zhàn)凌天說(shuō)出那句讓上官菲兒逃生的話時(shí),周維清就知道,自己走不了了。因?yàn)?,以他?duì)上官菲兒的了解,她是絕不會(huì)放棄要為自己戰(zhàn)死的戰(zhàn)凌天獨(dú)自逃生的。在郁悶的同時(shí),周維清對(duì)戰(zhàn)凌天原本的惡感也減弱了許多,不愧是浩渺宮出身的弟子,雖然這家伙心性高傲,令人詩(shī)厭,但在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻,卻很有一副大師兄的樣子,能夠在面對(duì)天王級(jí)強(qiáng)者時(shí)依舊挺身而出,這份膽魄和氣度已經(jīng)足以令周維清對(duì)他改變看法了。
正像周維清預(yù)料的那樣,寒天佑撲出的剎那,上官菲兒也發(fā)動(dòng)了。
兩道暗金色光芒同時(shí)從上官菲兒身上亮起,護(hù)臂爪已然上身,從側(cè)面閃電般撞向寒天佑。
戰(zhàn)凌天大喝一聲,手中光暗神槍前次,帶著毅然決然的慘烈氣息,根本就不管家天佑拍來(lái)的手掌,直奔他咽喉刺去,看那架勢(shì),竟然像是要與寒天佑同歸于盡。
“聯(lián)手,上。”關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻,周維清當(dāng)機(jī)立斷,大喝聲中,飛快的后退一步,眼中神光閃耀,濃烈的天理波動(dòng)中,龍魔奶女的天技映像已經(jīng)升騰而起。
不能走,那就只有全力一拼了,雖然他們的修為加起來(lái)也和寒天佑差的遠(yuǎn),但畢竟他們都不能用本身的天力來(lái)衡量實(shí)力,聯(lián)手去拼,多少還有幾分機(jī)會(huì)。
林天熬之前一直站在周維清身邊,等待他的命令,他的首要任務(wù)就是保護(hù)周維清,局面的不利并未令他出現(xiàn)慌亂的情緒,伴隨著周維清一聲大喝,林天熬也沖了出去,六珠組合凝形盾悍然釋放,從另一個(gè)方向朝著寒天佑撞擊而去。
烏鴉也動(dòng)了,她那重達(dá)六百斤的身軀猛然躍起,烏金屠神斧帶著凝形鎖鏈從空中揮斬而出,直奔寒天佑絞殺而去。
除了馬樣以外,其他五個(gè)人雖然出手有先后順序,但在這一刻,他們卻走出奇的默契。
每個(gè)人都有相當(dāng)?shù)臐摿?,在最惡劣的情況下,人的潛力往往都會(huì)被激發(fā)到最大程度,此時(shí)他們不正是如此么?面對(duì)天王級(jí)強(qiáng)者,惟有聯(lián)手,才有機(jī)會(huì)。
但是,很快他們就見證了天王級(jí)強(qiáng)者的恐怖。
寒天佑一掌拍向戰(zhàn)凌天的時(shí)候,已經(jīng)下定決心要在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)將這幾人全部殺死,然后再屠戮了眼前這個(gè)獸人部落毀尸滅跡。
戰(zhàn)凌天的應(yīng)對(duì)無(wú)疑是最佳的,以他的修為,根本不可能擋得住寒天佑的攻擊,惟有用這種與敵皆亡的手段,才有可能和對(duì)方抗衡。謝謝你們,偉大的唐門兄弟姐妹們,這一刻,我不是一個(gè)人在戰(zhàn)斗,有著千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)的你們?cè)谥С郑x謝你們讓我在七天雙倍之后依舊排在月票榜第一位,這個(gè)月,我們的目標(biāo)只有一個(gè),那就是最終的第一一。
七天雙倍結(jié)束了,但我們的拼搏才剛剛開始,高潮情節(jié)送上,希望大家喜歡。
也感謝關(guān)心我的書友們,這幾天頭暈惡心確實(shí)是頸椎問(wèn)題,貼了膏藥好一些了。我會(huì)更努力的寫好我們的天珠,以回報(bào)大家的每一分支持。謝謝。
求月票、推薦票。(未完待續(xù))【本文字由破曉更新團(tuán)笨笨送玫瑰提供】各國(guó)英語(yǔ)口音概述
口譯是外語(yǔ)實(shí)用領(lǐng)域的一顆明珠,成為一名出色的口譯員更是很多外語(yǔ)愛好者追逐的夢(mèng)想。Transmax在口譯服務(wù)和培訓(xùn)領(lǐng)域經(jīng)過(guò)多年的探索,積累了一整套完整的學(xué)習(xí)方法和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在接下來(lái)的日子里,Transmax口譯將會(huì)以連載的方式和廣大口譯愛好者分享這筆寶貴的財(cái)富。今天登場(chǎng)的是Transmax口譯的資深譯員Peter,他將會(huì)為大家談各國(guó)英語(yǔ)口音的差別。
英國(guó)口音
英國(guó)口音的特點(diǎn),就是陰陽(yáng)頓挫,幾乎每個(gè)音節(jié)都發(fā)的清清楚楚,長(zhǎng)韻母音和短韻母音有十分明顯的區(qū)別。而美式英語(yǔ)里面則有點(diǎn)含糊不清,大部分的長(zhǎng)韻母音都被截短。比如說(shuō)class中的a音,屬于長(zhǎng)韻母音,英國(guó)人一般都發(fā)得比較完整。而美國(guó)人往往讀成短音,聽上去和bad里面的a音差不多。又如aunt,美國(guó)人幾乎無(wú)一例外發(fā)成ant,讓人搞不清楚他們到底是說(shuō)自己的阿姨,還是家門口的螞蟻。
英國(guó)口音往往對(duì)位于弱音節(jié)上的清輔音發(fā)得十分清晰,美國(guó)人則經(jīng)常把清輔音讀成濁輔音。比如battery,美國(guó)人讀來(lái)就如同Baddery。
事實(shí)上我國(guó)以前中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)課上使用的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音,都是基于英國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的(現(xiàn)在新課標(biāo)已經(jīng)開始使用美音了)。中央電視臺(tái)的英語(yǔ)頻道,以及外交部發(fā)言人對(duì)外國(guó)記者的談話,也基本上都是英國(guó)式的英語(yǔ)。國(guó)外媒體當(dāng)中,BBC是公認(rèn)的英國(guó)式英語(yǔ)的典范。影視明星當(dāng)中,休格蘭特(主演四個(gè)婚禮和一個(gè)葬禮)是牛津畢業(yè),操一口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的上層社會(huì)的英音。
美國(guó)口音
事實(shí)上美國(guó)各地的口音差別并不大。除了上述對(duì)長(zhǎng)韻母的截短之外,美國(guó)人往往把-ing讀成-n。
美國(guó)東部
美東的發(fā)音,由于地理上靠近英國(guó),因此很多方面更類似英國(guó)口音。我有一位教授畢業(yè)于普林斯頓(位于新澤西),前幾星期上課,我都以為她是英國(guó)人,后來(lái)經(jīng)過(guò)多方證實(shí),才知道她是地道美國(guó)人。
語(yǔ)言學(xué)上有rhotic和non-rhoticaccent的說(shuō)法。Rhoticaccent(兒化音),具體來(lái)講,就是r不論做輔音(比如red),還是做元音(比如說(shuō)four),r都發(fā)音。與之相反的是non-rhoticaccent(非兒化音),這種發(fā)音風(fēng)格是只發(fā)輔音r,不發(fā)元音r。英國(guó)人和部分美東地區(qū)以及小部分南方地區(qū),都是屬于非兒化音。美國(guó)大部分地區(qū)則為兒化音。
因?yàn)槊绹?guó)東部開發(fā)較早,人口流動(dòng)性比較大,口音混雜的很厲害。目前為止,我還沒(méi)有找到能夠突出反映美東口音的影視作品。很多劇集雖然把地點(diǎn)設(shè)在美東,比如Friends(六人行)和Sexandthecity(欲望都市),但是這些劇集不能完全反映美東的口音。
名人當(dāng)中,歌手ClayAiken是北卡羅萊納人,他的發(fā)音特別奇怪。
美國(guó)南部
美國(guó)南方經(jīng)濟(jì)落后,民眾普遍受教育不高,因此長(zhǎng)期被美國(guó)其它地區(qū)的人看不起。南方大部分為農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū),農(nóng)民被蔑稱為redneck,意思是他們整天在太陽(yáng)底下曬著,脖子發(fā)紅。Redneck隨后成為美國(guó)南方白人的代名詞。
美國(guó)南方口音的特點(diǎn)就是拖長(zhǎng)音,什么元音都拖的老長(zhǎng),而且詞與詞當(dāng)中沒(méi)有停頓,通通連讀。再加上南方人愛用鼻音,他們的對(duì)話聽起來(lái)就像兩個(gè)感冒的人在聊天。事實(shí)上南方口音是很容易遭到嘲笑的。
名人當(dāng)中:布什總統(tǒng)在德州度過(guò)大半生,講話略帶南方口音。著名心理節(jié)目主持人Dr.PhilMcGraw是南方人,講話口音很重。
影視節(jié)目:凡是背景設(shè)為美國(guó)南方的電影,幾乎都是清一色的非常容易辨別的南方口音。比較著名的有《阿甘正傳》和動(dòng)畫片《山大王》(KingoftheHill)。
姚明去的休斯敦,屬于美國(guó)南方口音的特例-墨西哥灣沿海地區(qū),據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)的地方的人說(shuō)話是南方口音+美東,不能證實(shí)。
美國(guó)西部
西部由于接納大量移民,因此口音混雜交融。比較突出的是God里面的o音被拖長(zhǎng)為Gaad,把leg發(fā)成layg。
澳洲口音
澳洲最早是英國(guó)的殖民地,被用來(lái)發(fā)配犯人,后來(lái)又有大量淘金者涌入。
澳洲口音常常省略輔音h,直接發(fā)后面的元音。比如how經(jīng)常發(fā)成ow。澳洲人稱朋友為mate,而且喜歡夸張的發(fā)成myte。于是有一個(gè)著名的笑話,說(shuō)澳洲游客總喜歡纏著導(dǎo)游說(shuō):“Wherearewegoingtodie?”(我們到哪里去死?)原文是Wherearewegoingtoday?澳洲人把today念成todie。
名人:很多在好萊塢發(fā)展的澳洲明星,比如NicoleKidman,HughJackman和RussellCrowe,說(shuō)話多少帶澳洲音。Nicole似乎最不明顯。
影視作品:《海底總動(dòng)員》(FindingNemo)里面的鷺鷥,鯊魚,牙醫(yī),都是典型的澳洲音。
其他口音
日本口音
日語(yǔ)只有5個(gè)元音,長(zhǎng)短都一樣,因此日本人通常難以應(yīng)付元音眾多的英語(yǔ)。
韓國(guó)口音
朝鮮語(yǔ)單詞連讀,最后一個(gè)音節(jié)拖長(zhǎng)。很多韓國(guó)人也就這么說(shuō)英文。此外他們無(wú)法分辨l和r,也無(wú)法發(fā)出th的音。
印度口音
很多印度人自以為英語(yǔ)很好,但是他們說(shuō)出來(lái)的英語(yǔ)除了他們自己,誰(shuí)都聽不懂。印度人對(duì)英語(yǔ)的停頓掌握很差。
我們把英美以外的國(guó)家的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音做了個(gè)分類,難易程度分為三檔:
第一檔以澳大利亞為代表,只要懂一個(gè)不同的詞的口音就夠了,比如data在澳洲的發(fā)音“打他”,這就足夠了,剩下的都一樣。
第二檔以新加坡為代表,對(duì)于新加坡英語(yǔ)發(fā)音,只要背過(guò)“一顆真實(shí)的樹”就夠了。因?yàn)樵谛录悠掠⒄Z(yǔ)里面的One,Two,Three,發(fā)音對(duì)應(yīng)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的One,True,Tree,走到哪里都是這個(gè)發(fā)音。
而第三檔,就是以日本和印度為代表的卷舌音派英語(yǔ)。比如日本把Silk會(huì)發(fā)音為Siloko,而印度英語(yǔ)的“Data”這個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音,聽完了后耳朵里面基本都打結(jié)了。有個(gè)自認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)還不錯(cuò)的同事,起碼他的英語(yǔ)水平在非英語(yǔ)系國(guó)家都能聽的懂,有次印度IT進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程技術(shù)支持,雙方在開始前先聯(lián)Netmeeting,一個(gè)IP地址,不加點(diǎn)最多12個(gè)數(shù)字,兩個(gè)人互相說(shuō)了30分鐘始終不能連上。
印度人英語(yǔ)口音重、語(yǔ)速快,說(shuō)起話來(lái)滿嘴里跑舌頭,輔音r發(fā)顫音,乍聽起來(lái)很難懂。所以國(guó)內(nèi)單位接待印度客人,往往是幾個(gè)本單位的英語(yǔ)高手一起上陣,豎著耳朵聆聽,有時(shí)候聽完了還要在互相之間熱烈討論一番才敢翻譯。印度式英語(yǔ)發(fā)音的另一個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)就是把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)中本應(yīng)該咬舌送氣的音th簡(jiǎn)化為t。而且印度人發(fā)的t的音,又接近d的音。所以印度人自己也拿這個(gè)發(fā)音特點(diǎn)開玩笑,當(dāng)他們說(shuō)“我30歲了”(Iamthirty),聽上去就是“我有點(diǎn)臟”(Iamdirty),因?yàn)閠hirty(三十)的發(fā)音和dirty(骯臟)混淆了。1968年美國(guó)拍攝的《狂歡宴》(TheParty),著名喜劇演員塞勒斯扮演一位倒霉的印度土包子,滿口印度腔英語(yǔ),一路插科打諢自我解嘲,周旋于美利堅(jiān)高等白人之華屋盛宴,漏子捅了一個(gè)又一個(gè),至今還是美國(guó)人模仿印度腔英語(yǔ)的經(jīng)典。
玩笑歸玩笑,實(shí)際上印度英語(yǔ)可是英語(yǔ)大家族最重要的成員。早在15世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)就隨著英國(guó)商人進(jìn)入了印度,到現(xiàn)在保留了許多現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)很少使用的詞匯。我的印度同事起草給項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行單位的信里總是有這么文縐縐的句子:Pleaseintimate…(請(qǐng)告知…),或者Youwillbeintimatedshortly(不久你們就會(huì)被告知),同樣的意思,美國(guó)同事就直截了當(dāng)寫:Pleaseletusknow和Youwillbeinformedshortly。因?yàn)橛《热丝谶h(yuǎn)超過(guò)英國(guó)人口,以至于已故英國(guó)著名作家馬爾科姆?蒙格瑞奇(MalcolmMuggeridge)曾經(jīng)這樣說(shuō)過(guò):“世界上最后一個(gè)英國(guó)紳士沒(méi)準(zhǔn)是印度人”(ThelastEnglishmanwouldbeanIndian)。
對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),最不習(xí)慣的是印度紳士們什么情況下都使用現(xiàn)代進(jìn)行時(shí),比如Iamunderstandingit(我明白),Sheisknowingtheanswer(她知道答案).這可不是古蘇格蘭的語(yǔ)法,而是受了印地語(yǔ)的影響的變味英語(yǔ)。受印地語(yǔ)影響的常用印度英語(yǔ)還有Yourgoodnameplease?(你叫什么名字?)問(wèn)人家歲數(shù)的時(shí)候可以用這樣委婉的說(shuō)法:What'syourgoodnumber?甚至可以問(wèn):Whenisyourhappybirthday?(什么時(shí)候生日快樂(lè)?)
印度英語(yǔ)發(fā)音規(guī)律:
WADIM=WHATTIME
IDLIGDOCHANGEDEGALA=I'DLIKETOCHANGETHECOLOR
關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):
P發(fā)B
T發(fā)D
K發(fā)G
R發(fā)L
沒(méi)有爆破音和清輔音[美語(yǔ)發(fā)音視頻教程].ProSessionOne1.ConsonantR2.ConsonantWRTipsYourmouthandlipscomeforward,likeyouaregoingtokiss.Yourtonguemovesbackinyourmouth,NOTforward.RatthebeginningofwordsRockRipReachRoadRainRichRomeRaiseRobeRiceRattheendofwordsorafteravowelCarFarStarDoorBearFourAirYearTurnPoorRinthemiddleofwordsVeryDirectionArrangeEraseCorrectMarryGarageOriginalHurryZeroMarineBerryOperationCaringArriveEveryoneRsentenceTheroundroosterrushedintothewrongroad.RBlendsRisthestrongestsoundoftheblend.Whentheblendisatthebeginningofaword,yourmouthpreparesfortheR,bycomingforwardbeforeyouevensaytheword.RblendsatthebeginningofwordsTrainingTrustTripGreatTropicalBringPrintPresidentProductCrackerCrawlBreakRblendsinthemiddleofwordsSubtractWaitressNutritionAustraliaIntroduceCompressOppressionBetrayRpracticesentencesThestoryhereadontheradiowasincorrect.Hercareerinthelawfirmispermanent.RichardandBrooketookarideintheirbrandnewRangeRovertruck.EveryonewillrespecttheRoyalFamilywhentheyarriveattheairport.ThetriptotheRockyMountainswillberescheduledonFriday.WTipsPracticefirstwithOO.ThengointoOOOOOWAWAWA.Remember,AWisalwaysmakesaWsound.ItNEVERmakesaVsound.WSentenceWhatwillwedo?ComparingRandWRick–WickRight–WhiteRemember,theWsoundisalsoatthebeginningofthewordsOneandOnce.WatthebeginningofwordsWhyWhichWhenWhatWipeWishWeightWingWinthemiddleofwordsAlwaysAwayBewareRewindAwakeSomeoneHalloweenHollywoodWpracticesentencesThewindfromthewestwasverywet.(Noticeveryhasa/v/sound)Wewokeupandwashedthewhitewashcloth.Wewaitedforthewaitresstogiveuswater.WehadawonderfultimeinWashingtonandWisconsin.Qwords(producedasaKWsound)QuestionQuietQueenQualifyQuitQuebecQuiltChoirParagraphPracticeRaywasborninRussia.HedreamedofbuildingtheperfectrollercoasterattheGrandCanyoninArizona.HehadafriendnamedFredwholivedinNorway.Fred’sprofessionwasdesigningrailroadtracksandhiscareerinvolvedtravelingaroundtheworld.RaythoughtitwouldbeperfectifFreddesignedhisrollercoasterride.Fredwascreative,brilliantandworkedwellwithrailroadtracks.Hewouldbetheperfectengineerfortheproject.Theridetooktwoyearstoconstructandwaspaintedredandwhite.Everyonereallywantedtoridethebrand-newrollercoaster.
SessionTwo1.Voicing2.Consonantpairs3.ConsonantS4.ConsonantZVoicingVoicingiswhenyourvocalcordsarevibratinginyourthroat,creatingabuzzingsound.SayAhhhh.Canyoufeelthevibrationsinyourneck?Allvowelsarevoiced.Someconsonantsarevoiced,somearenot.PairedConsonants:P&BT&DF&VSH&ZSHK&GS&ZThreerulesforS&ZendingsRule1Ifawordendsinasoundthatisunvoiced(suchasP,T,K,F),youaddanunvoiced/S/Examples:1cup,2cups(thepincupisunvoiced,soyoujustaddanunvoiceds)1cat,2cats(thetincatisunvoiced,sojustaddanunvoiceds)Ibreak,hebreaksIstop,hestopsRule2Ifawordendsinanyofthesesounds:s,z,sh,ch,ordg(j),whenaddinganSending,addIZZZZZZExamples:1Page2Pages1Bus2Buses1Lunch2LunchesIRaise,HeRaisesIBrush,HeBrushesIPush,HePushesRule3Ifawordendsinavowelsound(likethewordTree)oravoicedconsonant(likethewordGame),thenwhenyouaddanS,continuethevoicingthroughouttheentireword,anditshouldbecomeavoicedZZZZ.Examples:1Tree,2Treezzzz(correctlyspelledTrees)1Day,2Days1Shoe,2ShoesIFly,HeFlies1Game,2Games1Head,2Heads1Train,2Trains1Song,2SongsSomecommonwordswhereS’sarepronouncedasZ’sISHISASWASTHESETHOSEEASYBECAUSEParagraphPracticeNoticethatallvoicedS/Zsoundsareunderlined.Anotherzippy,zappy,crazydaycomestoaclose.AswezoomuptoJoe’ssnoozezone,ZoeJonesofZodiacZooplayswithherzipper.Lastweek,Jim’sbrotherswerepickedtorepresenttheircountryintheOlympicGames.Twoofthebrotherswereswimmers,whiletheothertwowerelongdistancerunners.Allofthebrothersworeglasses.Theseathletesworkedhardatqualifyingforthegamesandwerehopingtocomehomewithprizes.Sincethebrothersgotothesameuniversity,theyoftentakethesamecourses.Thismakesstudyingeasierandgivesthemmoretimetodootherthings.OnThursday,Ihadaverylazyday.Iwokeupearlyandfirstsqueezedorangesintojuice.Ithengotdressedandwatchedthesunrisecomeupoverthemountains.ItwassobeautifulthatItookmanypictureswithmycameraandIusedthreerollsoffilm.Afterdrinkingtwocupsofcoffee,Igotdressed,leftthehouse,andwalkedthreemileshome.
SessionThree1.TheUnvoicedTHSound2.TheVoicedTHSound3.THRBlends4.VoicingtheTSoundTheUnvoicedTHSoundFlattongueprotrudingthroughyourteeth.Maintainasteadyairstream.StretchouttheTHsound.Example:ThinkofthewordThumbashavingtwobeatsTh.umb12UnvoicedTHatthebeginningofwordsThanksThickThunderThursdayThinkUnvoicedTHatthemiddleofwordsAnythingBathmatToothpickAthleticMouthwashUnvoicedTHattheendofwordsBathNorthBeneathFourthSouthTheVoicedTHSoundVoicedTHatthebeginningofwordsThe(Thebook)That(Thathouse)They(Theycameover)Them(Givethemwater)There(Thereitis)This(Thisismynose)Those(Thoseboysaregood)These(Thesearemyparents)VoicedTHinthemiddleofwordsClothingLeatherMotherAnotherWeatherNorthernVoicedTHattheendofwordsSmoothBatheBreathePracticePhrasesThisandthatAtableclothWinterclothingAthens,GreeceThat’stheoneHerskinissmoothThirtyDay’snoticeAfamousauthorHereandthereFalseteethThreadtheneedleAthoughtfulgiftThunderandlighteningThumbsupPracticeSentencesThelmaarrivedintownlastThursday.I’mhavingtroublethreadingthisneedle.Ineed33thickthermometers.ThethingtheylikebestaboutAthensistheweather.Thisthrillingnovelwaswrittenbyafamousauthor.Hewillbethroughwithhisworkatthree-thirty.Nowandthen,shelikestobuynewclothing.TheythoughttheyweregoingtoNorthernSpain.Whichtableclothshallweusefortheparty?Thatwasthethirty-thirdtheatretoopen.THRBlendsThread(threadtheneedle)Throw(throwtheball)Throat(mythroatissore)Thrill(athrillingride)Three(threemoredays)Threw(hethrewtheball)Throne(thekingsitsonathrone)ParagraphPracticeNurseThatcherwasthankfulitwasThursday.SheknewthatonThursdayshehadtodeliver33boxesofthermometerstotheNorthAmericanAthleticClub.Theythoughtthatthermometerswerenecessaryfortestingthehydrotherapybaths.Thiswasthoughttobenefittheathleteswitharthritis.Theathletictrainersrequiredauthorizationtoprovidehydrotherapytotheyouthfulathletesonthethreebulletinboardswiththumbtacksthroughouttheathleticclub.Ratherthanriskthehealthoftheathletes,theythoroughlycheckedthethousandsofthermometerstoinsuretheirworthiness;otherwisetheyneededtobethrownaway.THExceptionsAlthoughthefollowingwordsarespelledwitha‘TH’,theyarepronouncedasaT.ThomasThompsonTheresaThailandThamesEstherThymeVoicingtheTSoundIfaTfallswithintwovoicedsounds(usuallyvowels),theTbecomesvoicedlikeaD.Examples:WaterWader(thewholewordisvoiced)BetterBedderButterBudderVoicedTPracticeBettyboughtabitofbetterbutter.But,saidshe,thisbutter’sbitter.IfIputitinmybatter,it’llmakemybatterbitter.
SessionFour1.Consonant‘F’2.Consonant‘V’3.TheUnvoiced‘SH’Sound4.TheVoiced‘ZSH’SoundConsonantsFandVareproducedwithcontactofyourupperteethandlowerlip.Thinkofitasbitingyourlowerlip.Maintainasteadyairstream.Theyarebothidentical,excepttheFisunvoiced,andtheVisvoiced.PracticeWordswith‘F’FootFindFinallyFamilyFreedomLaughTelephoneSymphonyRoughPracticeSentencesDoyoufeellikeaphysicalwreck?Areyoufedupwithyourfeelingoffatigue?Haveyouhadenoughoffeelingrough?Whydon’tyoufightfeverwithPharaoh’sFriend.AmedicinethatistoughonFlu.PracticeWordswith‘V’VoteVineOvenEvaluateVoiceTravelRiverEveryGloveAliveLeaveComparingFandVFeel–VealSafe–SaveFat–VatFine–VineFace–VaseFan–VanFoul–VowelProof–ProvePracticePhrasesAfamousathleteAfoodvendorTheForeignServiceSummervacationVocabularytestOvertherainbowOurfirstvictoryHarvardUniversityHusbandandwifeVerywelldonePracticeSentencesHerpromotioninthefirmwaswelldeserved.Therewasonlyonesurvivorontheisland.Stevenoticedthattheolivejuicemusthavestainedhissleeve.Thestreetvendorwassellingsouvenirstotourists.DavegavemehiscarsothatIcoulddriveonNewYear’sEve.Therewereseveraldentsintherearfender.Tomplacedseveraltomatoesfromthevineintoabasket.NOTOF.BUTOV.TheUnvoicedSHSoundTomaketheUnvoicedSHsound,bringyourmouthandlipsforward,teethshouldbeslightlyapart.Produceairstream.WordsbeginningwithSHbeginwiththissound.(SoarethewordsSugar,Sure,ChefandChicago.)SHpracticewordsBeginningSheSugarSureShadowSheepShirtShoeShapeChicagoChefMiddleNationMotionMissionSpecialReputationOfficialMachineFishingInsuranceSunshineOceanTissueAdditionSubtractionEndRushDishEstablishSplashIrishFreshFinishSHSentencesThefishingtripwasplannedandwelefttogototheocean.Wasthechefashamedtousetheprecioussugar?Sharongaveaspecialperformance.HewillbestationedinWashington,D.C,thenation’scapital.Shewenttoafashionshowaftertakingashower.Shesellsseashellsbytheseashore.Thesocialclubwaspraisedfortheircooperation.SHPracticeJoe’sweathermachineshowsasharpdropinairpressure,especiallyoffshore.Shipsinmotionontheoceanshouldbesuretousecaution.TheVoicedZSHSoundTheVoicedZSHsoundisexactlyliketheSHexceptvoicingisadded.Usual(Uzshual)ZSHpracticewordsMiddleUsualUnusualUsuallyVisionVisualConclusionAsiaVersionDivisionCasualTelevisionEndBeigeMassagePrestigePracticeSentencesIt’snotunusualforpeopletostudydivisioninAsia.Iusuallyuseameasuringcuptomeasureerosion.Thebeigewallsweretheusualcolorinthetreasurybuilding.Listthingsthatareappropriateforeachcolumn.Thensaythemoutloudinfullsentencesforpractice.Example:It’susuallyhotinthesummer.It’sunusualformetobelateforanappointment.UsuallyUnusualHotinthesummerLateforappointments
SessionFive1.ConsonantLLTips:Yourbottomjawshouldbeaswideopenaspossible.YourtongueshouldRISEUP(independentlyofyourjaw)andtouchrightbehindyourtopteeth.Producethe‘L’soundbydroppingandrelaxingyourtongue.Practice“LA,LA,LA”,keepingyourbottomjawloweredandopenwhileonlyraisingyourtongue.LatthebeginningofwordsLunchLocalLondonLearnLargeLifeLobbyLibraryLuckyLiftLaughLongLinthemiddleofwordsInflationBelieveVolumeGlueElevatorSolvePullingFloodDeleteElectAliveColorLattheendofawordToproduceanLattheendofaword,remembertoslowlyraiseyourtongueupward,towardsyourupperteeth,whilekeepingyourbottomjawasopenaspossible.TheLsoundcomesfromthetonguemovement,notfromtheplacement.(Usingyourfingertopushdownonyourbottomteethtokeepyourjawopen,maybehelpfulforpracticing.)PracticewordsWillBallTallCallSmallControlBowlAppleMiraclePowerfulControlFinancialPeopleLSentencesThelollipopfellintothecoolwater.Herdriver’slicensewaspulledoutofthebluegolfbag.Blake’sbowlingballfellunderhistools.Carlcouldnotlocatethelemonsorthelimes.Theschoolwasamileawayfromthehill.Thegolfclubwasmadeofsteel.Al’sgoalwastoplaybaseballwithCarol.Acertifiedletterwasdeliveredfortheenrollmentlist.Itwasrevealingtolookatthesmilinglawyer.FLBlendPoemAfleaandafly,flewupinaflue.Saidtheflea,“Letusfly!”Saidthefly,“Letusflee!”Sotheyflewthroughaflawintheflue.PracticeusingWillWillyouemptythegarbage?Willyouaskhertocleanthekitchen?Willyouprepareamealforthechildren?Whenwillyoubeginyourstudiesatcollege?Whenwillshepurchasethedressforherwedding?Whywillheaskthemtostaylateatwork?Whywillshebringherbabytothemeeting?Howwilltheyknowifourflightisdelayed?Wherewillthechildbegoingnextyear?Wherewilltheyputallofthepillows?Whatwillshedowiththemillionsofdollarsshewon?ComparingRandLRed-LedRick-LickReef-LeafRear-LearRest-LessGrass-GlassCrime-ClimbFree-FleeLandRCombinationsSealringTollroadAlreadyCivilrightsRailroadRivalryCoralreefJewelrySchoolroomGravelroad
SessionSix1.WordEndingsMakesurethatthefinalsoundsinyourwordscomethroughclearlyandfully.Don’tdropofforshortentheendings!PendingsIhopethegroupwillsleepontheship.Thesodapopspilledoutofthecup,overthemapandontoherlap.WastheEggDropSoupcheap?BendingsWecleanedthecobwebfromthedoorknobinthebathtub.Robbrokehisgolfclubwhenheslippedontheicecube.Thecrabwasunderthecementslabattheyachtclub.Theticketstubwasfoundinthetaxicab.TendingsKatelefthercatonthematassheflewakite.Thesailboatcameintotheporttojointhefleet.Whatbaitwillmakethefishbite?Acricketorapieceofmeat?DendingsFredwilldecidewhichsledshouldbepaintedred.DavidtriedtosendarefundbacktoEngland.Hecouldnothidehisreportcardbehindthechalkboard.ThreerulesforEDendingsManyverbsthatareinthepasttenseendinED.(Example:TodayIwalk,yesterdayIwalked)Rule1Ifawordendsinanunvoicedconsonant,whenaddingED,justaddanUnvoicedTExample:TodayIjump,yesterdayIjumped.(pronouncedjumpT)TodayIwalk,yesterdayIwalked.(pronouncedwalkT)Rule2Ifawordendsinavoicedconsonant,addaVoicedDExample:TodayIrub,yesterdayIrubbed.(pronouncedrub-D)Icleanedthekitchen.Ipouredthemilk.Iscrubbedthefloor.Itaggedtheclothing.Ispilledsomejuice.Itrimmedthetree.ImovedtoCalifornia.Theclockbuzzedallnight.Rule3IfawordendsinaToraDsound,weaddaVoicedEDExample:Today,Ilifttheball.Yesterday,Iliftedtheball.Iheatedupmydinner.Hevotedthismorning.Hehandedmehisreport.Itradedinmyoldcar.Sheaddedsomeinformation.AllvoicedDendingsareunderlinedtohelpyouremembertoaddvoicing.Bobrakedtheleavesandthenstartedtowashhiscar.Hethenloadedupthedishwasherandfinishedwashinghisdishes.Susanspilledherdrinkonthespottedrug.Shecleaneditupwithanapkin,whichwastedalotoftime.Hethankedmeandofferedmemoney,ifIpickeduptheusedequipment.ThreeNasalSounds:MNNGPracticeNgendingsRingSingThingBringPracticesentencesIhaveafeelingthatsheisworkingtoomuch.Shehasbeenwearingahearingaidsothatshecouldsing.HeislookingforwardtospeakingattheThanksgivingcelebration.
SessionSeven1.CHsound2.TheAmericanJsound(DG)3.ConsonantHCHUnvoicedasinCh-ur-chAmericanJVoicedasinJ-u-dgeChatthebeginningofwordsChinaCherryChargeChocolateChallengeCheeseChunkChairmanChinthemiddleofwordsKeychainLunchboxRichardPictureTeacherFortuneNatureBeachballChattheendofwordsDetachTeachPorchMarchPatchWrenchCoachApproachChexerciseChop-chop,children,it’sCharlie’sKitchenadventure!Today,Chuckwillbeteachingfuturechampioncookshowtomakeachocolatecheesecake.AmericanJatthebeginningofwordsJuiceJumpJuggleJuryJapanGiantGeneticJuniorGenerateGermanAmericanJinthemiddleofwordsAlgebraLegendMagicSubjectDigestRejoiceObjectiveMajestyEducateSuggestionAmericanJattheendofwordsAgeCollegePostageStagePledgeVillageAveragePageCourageKnowledgeAmericanJexerciseAGermanjudgeandjuryhavechargedandjailedastrangegiant,whosatontheedgeofabridgethrowingjellyontolargebarges.ConsonantHWhenanHisatthebeginningofaworditispronouncedwithastrong,loudair-stream.Practice:Ha...Ha…Ha.HatthebeginningofwordsHandHideHopeHairHouseHarvardHoneyHappyWhoWholeHwordpairsOld-HoldIs-HisIt-HitAt-HatArm-HarmIll-HillAte-HateAs-HasHinthemiddleofwordsAheadBehaveAnyhowInhaleDownhillDehydrateWholeheartedOverhaulHexerciseHethoughtthatheshould….Washthecar.Thankhisteacher.Watchtelevision.Usethetelephone.Shutthedoor.Breathedeeply.(VoicedTH)Tellthetruth.Henrythehungryhippo,whohoggedahugeheapofonehundredhamburgers,hashadhiccupsforonewholeweek.
SessionEight1.AmericanEnglishVowels2.VowelEE3.VowelIThebestwaytolearnAmericanvowelsisbyEarTraining.Listencarefullyandrepeat.FrontVowels:(Fromhightolow)EEasinHeatIasinHitAEasinHateEHasinHet(nonsenseword)AasinHatBackVowels:(Fromhightolow)OOasinBootUasinBookOWasinBoatAWasinBoughtAHasinBot(nonsenseword)ComparingHeat(EE)andHit(I)Remember:Heatishigh.Hitislower.Heat–HitKeen–KinDeal–DillSeek–SickSeen–SinReap–RipTeal-TillBean–Been(Beanishigh.Iateabean.Beenislow.Ihavebeenhere.)EEVowelSoundRemember,smileandthinkhigh.SeeMeEachEvenKeyGreenTreeVeryHappySoftlyMaryBusyFinallyCountryEEPracticeSpeedingontheFreewayHappilyeatingcheeseHeandSheSkiingveryRapidlySheseesamonkeyeatinghoney.Weseeaponystealingmoney.Whocanhesee?Itmustbeme!IVowelSoundBitBillLiftFizzKitchenBuildBiggerChimpFifthListenBusinessFistDisplayFilmingLiveFishDiscussFigFiftyBeenEEandIPractice(AllEEsoundsareunderlined.)Thebeanshavebeencookingsincesixo’clock.Sitinthatseatbythewindow.Weateourmeal,bythemill.Thesealwillliveintheocean.Tim’steamgrinnedafterseeingthegreenfield.PipandPeteshippedthesheepcheaply.ThosebinsareforBill’sbeans.DoesJimstillstealJill’sjeans?ThegirlsputconcreteonJill’ssneakers.Pickcherriesattheirpeakoryouwilleatthepits.
SessionNine1.VowelOW2.VowelAEVowelOTheHiddenW:OWE,OWE,OWE,OWE,OWEOVowelSoundOpenOatmealBlownBoldOwnerPhoneColdRobeCoachRotateLoanSlowRoadRoamOPracticeHowdidyouknowthat?Idon’tknowwheretheholeisonthecoat.DoesJoeknowhowtodriveontheroad?IneedtoblowmynosewhenIhaveacold.HasiteversnowedinRhodeIsland?ColdwindswillslowlyblowsnowovermostofOhio.Thislowisnojoke.Sofolks,don’tgooutwithoutcoats!WokeandWontPractice:WOWOWOWOWOWoke=WOW+KWon’t=WOW+‘NTIwanttheball.Iwon’tgiveyoutheball.Shewantstosleep.Shewokeup.Hewantstobuyacar.Hewon’tbuyacar.Theywanttospeakwithyou.Hewon’tspeakwithyou.VowelAEAgeAidEightAbleChainDateEighteenFakeLazyMadeBabyGainChangeGaveNationDayPaperAngelBasicFaceAEPracticeTheapegavethetraineracane.Davidbeganshavingwhenhewaseighteen.Therainbowappearedwhendaylightchanged.Thebabysnakelivedinapaintedcage.Myneighborsbasementwaschangedfrombluetobeige.Hey,takeawaythestrain!WeighthegainsofagreatbreakwithLazyDayVacations.Linesareopeneighttilllate.Theyaimtomakeyourday!The50UnitedStates(Stressedsoundsareinbold)AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNewHampshireNewJerseyNewMexicoNewYorkNorthCarolinaNorthDakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhodeIslandSouthCarolinaSouthDakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWestVirginiaWisconsinWyoming
SessionTen1.VowelOO2.VowelUH3.VowelEHOOVowelSoundBlueBoothNewsJuiceLoosenRulerFoodChooseMoodMovingLoopK
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