【高考英語(yǔ)專題】高考英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣Subjunctive Mood講義

虛擬語(yǔ)氣SubjunctiveMood一：分類1在英語(yǔ)中有三種語(yǔ)氣，陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣2虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話的人的一種愿望、意見(jiàn)、命令、要求，有時(shí)候是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想或者是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。二、形式虛擬語(yǔ)氣經(jīng)常用在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，在條件句中做出和事實(shí)不相符的一種假設(shè)。a.和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If從句主句主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其它(be動(dòng)詞用were)主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形+其它如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifhehadenoughmoney,hewouldbuyacomputer.b.和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If從句主句主語(yǔ)+haddone+其它主語(yǔ)+hadbeendone+其它（被動(dòng)）主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might+havedone主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might+havebeendone(被動(dòng))如：Ifyouhadcomefiveminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Iftheyhadbeentreatedintime,theywouldnothavedied.c.和將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If從句主句主語(yǔ)+weretodo+其它主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其它主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形+其它主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形如：IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinanotherday.Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldn’tbeabletogoonpicnic.d.混合條件句混合條件句是指條件句是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而主句則表示現(xiàn)在的某種情況。If從句主句主語(yǔ)+haddone+其它主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might+be+表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might+be+doing主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形三、注意點(diǎn)①如果從句中有were、had或者should時(shí)，則可以省略if，并將were、had或者should提前至句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝，但如果是否定句，則否定詞not不提前。如：WereItobeyoungagain,Iwouldstudymedicine.=IfIweretobeyoungagain,Iwouldstudymedicine.Hadyounotleftsoearly,youmighthavemissedthetrain.=Ifyouhadnotleftsoearly,youmighthavemissedthetrain.②用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句，常用的介詞有with,without,butfor.如：Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.③在句中出現(xiàn)了表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，如or,orelse,otherwise等，如果句意和事實(shí)不符也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：Youdidwhatyouwereaskedto,otherwiseyouwouldhavebeenpunished.④如果句子中有短語(yǔ)forfearthat,lest,incase時(shí)，要用should+動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表示虛擬，should可以省略。如：Heisworkinghardforfearthathefail.⑤如果句子前半部分是虛擬，句中出現(xiàn)了but，后面句子則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在賓語(yǔ)從句中a.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在賓語(yǔ)從句中，不表示“和事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)”而表示說(shuō)話者的一種意愿、決心、要求、命令和建議?！耙?、二、三、四”“一堅(jiān)持insist二命令order,command三建議advise,suggest,propose四要求ask,require,request,demand”虛擬形式“在從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加should，should可以省略。MyteachersuggestedthatI(should)spendmoretimelearningEnglish.注意：當(dāng)suggest翻譯成“暗示、表明”；insist翻譯成“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為、堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”，堅(jiān)持的是一種事實(shí)，而不是表示一種命令或者要求時(shí)，不應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemonry.b.在wouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wouldrather對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)虛擬：一般過(guò)去時(shí)(did/be用were)對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬：過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone0Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Iwouldrathertheydidn’thearofthenews.c.wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬一般過(guò)去時(shí)(did/be用were)對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone)對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(woulddo)IwishIwereaflyingbirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.HowIwishitwouldbefinetomorrow!注意：howIwish…=ifonly(要是……就好了)，虛擬和wish虛擬用法一致。2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在主語(yǔ)從句中a.Itis/was+adj.+that+主語(yǔ)+shoulddo(should可以省略)adj:advisable,desirable,impossible,normal,necessary,possible…Itisnaturalthathe(should)thinkso.Itwasnecessarythattheplanshouldbeplannedcarefully.b.Itis/was+n.+that+主語(yǔ)+shoulddo(should可以省略)①表示“驚奇、懷疑、遺憾”等意義的名詞詞組，如:afact,agoodthing,apity,ashame,awonder…②表示“請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、決心”等意義的名詞，如advice,demand,decision,order,proposal,requirement,suggestion…Itisapitysheshouldsayso.Itwasherorderthatthemattershouldbediscussed.③Itis/was+過(guò)去分詞+that+主語(yǔ)+shoulddo(should可以省略)用在該句型中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞表示“請(qǐng)求、命令、建議”等。ItisrequestedthatMissLishouldgiveaperformanceattheparty.④Itis(high)timethat+主語(yǔ)+did/shoulddo，should不可以省略到做……的時(shí)間了。3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表語(yǔ)從句中用在advise,idea,order,plan,suggestion,demand,proposal等后面的表語(yǔ)從句，需用“shoulddo”構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，should可以省略。WhatIsuggestisthatweshouldstarttheworkatonce.Hisorderisthatthemeetingshouldbecalledoff.4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在同位語(yǔ)從句中當(dāng)demand,insist,decide,determine,recommend,suggest這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后跟同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用shoulddo表示虛擬。Notallofthemagreedtomysuggestionthatmoremoneyshouldbegiventothem.Hisrequestthatheshouldbegivenarisewasturneddownatthemeeting.5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，inorderthat,sothat…用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞IgotupearlythismorningsothatIcouldcatchthebustoBoston.6.在asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中a.asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句是否用虛擬取決于從句所描繪的情況，如果情況與事實(shí)相符就可以不用虛擬，否則就要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Sheactedasifnothinghadhappened.b.對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬asif/asthough+主語(yǔ)+would/could/should/might+do（動(dòng)詞原形）Itlooksasiftheoldmancouldliveanother10years.c.對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬asif/asthough+主語(yǔ)+did(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式)Theoldmanislyingonthegroundasifheweredead.d.asif/asthough+主語(yǔ)+weredoing(對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行虛擬)Theyranasfastastheycouldasifaghostwerechasingthem.e.asif’/asthough+主語(yǔ)+haddone(對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬)Heateasifhehadn’thadamealforyears.同步練習(xí)1.Theyhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.should2.——Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.——Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen3.MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying4.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome5.——Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.——Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone______it.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen6.——Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.——Iit,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldsttendD.wouldhaveattended7.I__________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone8.It_______bethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clock.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.needn’t9.We_____John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput10.---Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.---Oh,youhavedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustn'tC.shouldD.shouldn't11.Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe-_______A.wasbusy B.isbusy C.hadbeenbusy. D.willbebusy12.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.A.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollow 13.Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold14.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused15.Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken16.--Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.--Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables.A.wouldn'tdieB.didn'tdieC.hadn'tdiedD.wouldn'thavedied17.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy. A．wouldhavebeensaved B．hadbeensavedC．willbesaved D．wassaved18.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwin B.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon19.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might20.Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe

itdifferently.A.couldexpress

B.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressed

D.musthaveexpressed21.Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience，he better.A.needhavedone B.musthavedoneC.canhavedone D.mighthavedone22.—I’msorry.I atyoutheotherday.—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshout B.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshoutD.mustn’thaveshouted23.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe itwithoutyou.A.canmanage B.couldhavemanaged C.couldmanage D.canhavemanaged24.——Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.——Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe________thatdrug.A.nottakeB.shouldn’thavetakenC.didn’ttakeD.hadn’ttaken25.TheordercamethatthemedicalsuppliestoBeijingfortheH1N1fl