Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark 課文翻譯和知識點- 新概念英語第三冊

Lesson25TheCuttySark“卡蒂薩克”號帆船Listentothetapethenanswerthequestionbelow.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。WhatpieceofbadluckpreventedtheCuttySarkfromwinningtherace?Oneofthemostfamoussailingshipsofthenineteenthcentury,theCuttySark,canstillbeseenatGreewich.Shestandsondrylandandisvisitedbythousandsofpeopleeachyear.Sheservesasanimpressivereminderofthegreatshipsofpast.Beforetheywerereplacedbysteamships,sailingvesselsliketheCuttySarkwereusedtocarryteafromChinaandwoolfromAustralia.TheCuttySarkwasonethefastestsailingshipsthathaseverbeenbuilt.TheonlyothershiptomatchherwastheThermopylae.BoththeseshipssetoutfromShanghaionJune18th,1872onanexcitingracetoEngland.Thisrace,whichwentonforexactlyfourexactlyfourmonths,wasthelastofitskind.Itmarkedtheendofthegreattraditionofshipswithsailsandthebeginningofanewera.ThefirstofthetwoshipstoreachJavaaftertheracehadbegunwastheThermopylae,butontheIndianOcean,theCuttySarktooklead.Itseemedcertainthatshewouldbethefirstshiphome,butduringtheraceshehadalotofbadluck.InAugust,shewasstruckbyaveryheavystormduringwhichherrudderwastornaway.TheCuttySarkrolledfromsidetosideanditbecameimpossibletosteerher.Atemporaryrudderwasmadeonboardfromspareplanksanditwasfittedwithgreatdifficulty.Thisgreatlyreducedthespeedoftheship,fortherewasadangerthatifshetraveledtooquickly,thisrudderwouldbetornawayaswell.Becauseofthis,theCuttySarklostherlead.AftercrossingtheEquator,thecaptaincalledinataporttohaveanewrudderfitted,butbynowtheThermopylaewasoverfivehundredmilesahead.Thoughthenewrudderwasfittedattremendousspeed,itwasimpossiblefortheCuttySarktowin.ShearrivedinEnglandaweekaftertheThermopylae.Eventhiswasremarkable,consideringthatshehadhadsomanydelays.Theseisnodoubtthatifshehadnotlostherruddershewouldhavewontheraceeasily.參考譯文人們在格林威治仍可看到19世紀(jì)最有名的帆船之一“卡蒂薩克”號。它停在陸地上，每年接待成千上萬的參觀者。它給人們留下深刻的印象，使人們回憶起歷史上的巨型帆船，在蒸汽船取代帆船之前?！翱ǖ偎_克”號之類的帆船被用來從中國運回茶葉，從澳大利亞運回羊毛?！翱ǖ偎_克”號是帆船制造史上建造的最快的一艘帆船。唯一可以與之一比高低的是“塞姆皮雷”號帆船。兩船于1872年6月18日同時從上海啟航駛往英國，途中展開了一場激烈的比賽。這場比賽持續(xù)了整整4個月，是這類比賽中的最后一次，它標(biāo)志著帆船偉大傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)束與一個新紀(jì)元的開始。比賽開始后，“賽姆皮雷”號率先抵達(dá)爪哇島。但在印度洋上，“卡薩薩克”號駛到了前面。看來，它首先返抵英國是確信無疑的了，但它卻在比賽中連遭厄運。8月份“卡蒂薩克”號遭到一場特大風(fēng)暴的襲擊，失去了一只舵。船身左右搖晃，無法操縱。船員用備用的木板在船上趕制了一只應(yīng)急用的舵，并克服重重困難將舵安裝就位，這樣一來，大大降低了船的航速。因為船不能開得太快，否則就有危險，應(yīng)急舵也會被刮走。因為這個緣故，“卡蒂薩克”號落到了后面?？缭匠嗟篮?，船長將船停靠在一個港口，在那兒換了一只舵。但此時，“賽姆皮雷”號早已在500多英里之遙了。盡管換裝新舵時分秒必爭，但“卡蒂薩克”號已經(jīng)不可能取勝了，它抵達(dá)英國時比“塞姆皮雷”號晚了1個星期。但考慮到路上的多次耽擱，這個成績也已很不容易了。毫無疑問，如果中途沒有失去舵，“卡帝薩克”號肯定能在比賽中輕易奪冠。一、單詞講解Newwordsandexpressionsimpressive[im'presiv]adj.給人深刻印象的steamship['sti:m?ip]n.蒸氣輪船vessel['vesl]n.輪船，大木船era['i?r?]n.時期．時代Java['d??v?]n.爪哇（印度尼西亞一島）rudder['r?d?]n.舵roll[r?ul]v.顛簸，搖擺steer[sti?]v.掌握方向temporary['temp?r?ri]adj.臨時的plank[pl??k]n.厚木板fit[fit]v.安裝Equator[i'kweit?]n.赤道delay[di'lei]n.耽誤impressiveadj.給人深刻印象的，令人佩服的（somethingseemsverygood,large,importantetc.sothatyouadmireit.）remainimpressivebeimpressiveeg.ThestatueofLibertystillremainssoimpressivestandingonasmallislandinNewYorkHarbor.屹立于紐約港的一座小島的自由女神像任然還是那么讓人印象深刻。eg.TheHollywoodfilmproducerstryeverymeanstomaketheirfilmsrealandimpressivesoastodisguisetheinner-emptiness.好萊塢的制片人總是竭盡全力使他們的影片真實感人以掩蓋其內(nèi)容的空洞。impressv.tofillsbwithadmiration給人留下深刻印象eg.Whatthebookimpressedmemostwasitsvividlanguage.這本書給我印象最深刻的就是它生動形象的語言。beimpressedwith/by對…留下深刻的印象eg.Wewerequiteimpressedwiththeimmensesizeofthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld.我們無不對這世界上最長的吊橋的龐大留下深刻印象。befavorablyimpressed對…有好印象eg.Ithinkthebosswasfavorablyimpressedbytheinterviewee.我覺得老板對面試者很推崇倍致。impresssthonsb使印象深刻（tomaketheimportanceofsthcleartosomeone）eg.Motherimpressedthevalueofhardworkonme.母親使我銘記勤勉的重要。brandv.1)tomakeamarkonsthesp.byburning,inordertoshowwhoitbelongsto給…打上烙?。?biāo)記）eg.ThelittlewhitelambwasbrandedwithletterB.這頭小白羊被打上了字母B的烙印。2)ofbadexperiences）toleaveamarkon（指不好的經(jīng)驗）印在（心口）eg.Hisunfortunatechildhoodisbrandedonhisheartforlife.他的不幸的童年一生都在他的心坎上留下了烙印。togivealastingbadnameto…對…加以永久性的污名brandsbas…eg.Theprisonerofwarwasbrandedasatraitor.這個戰(zhàn)俘被他們當(dāng)成了賣國賊。impression1)opinionundertheimpressiongivesbtheimpression2)amarkleftbypressingsthintoasoftsurface.（留下的）刻痕，痕跡eg.Thedealerheldadiamondfirmlyagainstthewindowandmadeadeepimpressionintheglassinordertoprovethatitwasreal.那個小販為了向我證實這顆鉆石是真的，使勁往玻璃上一按，在上面留下一道很深的刻痕。asamarkof成為…的象征eg.ThestatueofLibertywasagifttotheUSAfromFrancein1886,asamarkoffriendshipandalsoinmemoryoftheaidFrancegavetheAmericansduringtheAmericanRevolution.（美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭）steamship蒸汽輪船sailingship帆船jumpship潛逃；逃脫eg.Twoprisonersjumpedshiplastnight.tightship組織嚴(yán)密的高效機(jī)構(gòu)eg.Theyrunatightshiphereatyourcompany.他們把你的公司管理的井井有條。whenyourshipcomein當(dāng)發(fā)跡的時候，發(fā)財?shù)臋C(jī)會eg.Whenmyshipcomesin,I’llquitworkandtravelaroundtheworld.canoe獨木舟paddleone’sowncanoe自力更生eg.NowIt’stimeforyoutolearntopaddleyourowncanoe.該是你學(xué)會自食其力的時候。vesseln.1)（formal）ashiporalargeboat大木船，輪船afishingvessel捕魚船，漁船2)acontainerforholdingliquids容器，器皿（以容納液體）eg.Emptyvesselsmakethemostsound.（諺語）（空的容器發(fā)出的聲音最大。）無知者叫聲最大。3)medicine:atubethatcarriesbloodthroughyourbody導(dǎo)管，脈管abloodvessel血管vein靜脈artery動脈vehiclen.1)尤指路上的交通工具2)somethingthatyouuseinordertoachievesomethingoraswayofspreadingyourideas,expressingyouropinions（思想感情以及消息）的傳遞渠道，媒介eg.Rumoraswellasthepressisakindofvehicleforinformation.謠言和新聞媒介一樣也是傳遞消息的渠道之一。Java（anislandwhichispartofIndonesia.ItisnottheLargestoftheIndonesianisland,butitincludesthecapital,Jakartaandithasthehighestpopulation)爪哇，印度尼西亞的一個小島,印尼政府雅加達(dá)所在地，并且人口眾多。JAVA:trademarkatypeofcomputerlanguagedevelopedbysunMicrosystemsandusedesp.tooperateprogramsontheinternet.Itisused,forexample,tohelpprovidevideoandontheworld-wideweb.ruddern.（船，飛機(jī)）舵helmn.船柄，舵輪eg.atthehelm:inchargeofsth掌舵（握）eg.ThecompanyflourishedwiththepresentCEOatthehelm.bow船頭<->stern船尾screw螺旋槳anchor錨deck甲板hull船身mast船桅helmsman（船工，舵手），駕駛員steersman舵手steerv.1）todirectthecourseofashiporacar駕駛steeraboatintoNewYorkharbor.2）beinchargeofsth掌握，控制steersththrough/to(tobeinchargeofanorganizationandmakedecisionsthathelpitbesuccessful,esp.duringahardtime)eg.Thebosssteeredthecompanythroughthehardyearsofrecession.該公司的老板在商業(yè)衰退的最艱難的幾年中引導(dǎo)企業(yè)走出困境。jockeyn.騎師someonewhoridesahorseinracesv.1)totrytogetintothebestpositionorsituation巧妙地?fù)屜萰ockeyforpositioneg.Wejockeyedforpositionatthebartoenjoythefootballmatch.2)jockeysbintodoingsth(tograduallypersuadesomeonetodosth)說服某人做某事eg.Doyouthinkyoucanjockeythemintoacceptingouroffer?你覺得能說服他們接受我們出的價錢嗎？temporaryadj.短期的，臨時的（lastingforonlyalimitedperiodoftime）temporaryjobs短期工作temporaryaccommodation臨時住所temporaryrudder備用的舵（應(yīng)急用的舵）permanentadj.(continuingtoexistforalongtimeorforallfuturetime)permanentpeace永久的和平apermanenttooth恒齒，永久（成人）齒permanentwave燙發(fā)provisional臨時的，（待變得）（toexistforonlyashorttimeandlikelytobechangedinthefuture）aprovisionalgovernmentplankn.大塊的木板boardn.木板aplankbed木板床walktheplank1)tobeforcedtowalkalongaboardlaidoverthesideoftheshipuntilyoufalloffthesea（17世紀(jì)海盜處死俘虜?shù)囊环N辦法）把人眼睛蒙起來讓其在突出舷外的板上行走而落海。2)tobedismissedfromyourjob被迫放棄職務(wù)（Am.）eg.TheCEOwhofailedtosteerhiscompanythroughtherecessionhadwalktheplank.那位未能在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時期帶領(lǐng)公司走出困境的CEO不得不被迫辭職。fitvt.1)toputasmallpieceofequipmentintoaplace,oranewpartontoamachine安裝，設(shè)置fitsth…toeg.Wefitanti-theftdevicestoournewcar.我們給新車安裝了防盜裝置。install安裝（機(jī)器設(shè)備）installatelephoneinstallacomputertobetherightsizeandshapeforsb合身，得體eg.Thenewdressfitsme.fitsblikeaglove十分合體（tofittheshapeofsb’sbodyperfectly）fitv.合身（不大不?。?，合適suitv.（衣服顏色，式樣）與…相配，相稱，適合eg.Casualclothesreallydon’tsuither.eg.NewYorkdoesn’tsuiteveryone.eg.Will10o’clocksuityou?fitinwith:getwellalongwith與（人）相處融洽eg.Thenewcomerdoesn’tfitinwiththeclass.match:thingslookgoodtogether相適應(yīng)，協(xié)調(diào)eg.Thecurtainsdon’tmatchthecarpet.gotogethergowith(eachother)(thingslookrighttogetherinstyle,coloretc.)（款式，顏色等）相稱,相配eg.Fishandwhitewinegoparticularlywelltogether.魚和葡萄酒彼此很適宜。eg.Thecolorofyourlipstickdoesn’tgowithyourdress.Equatorn.赤道（animaginarylinedrawnaroundthemiddleoftheEarthisexactlythesamedistancefromtheNorthPoleandtheSouthPole）delayv.1)toputoffuntillater延期delay(doing)sthuntil延至eg.Wedelayedgoingonholidayuntilnextmonth.我們延至下個月才去渡假。2)tostopforatimeandcausetobelate耽擱eg.Theplanewasbadlydelayedbyfog.飛機(jī)被一場大霧阻隔了很長時間。putoff延期（因為問題或困難）eg.Thefootballmatchhadtobeputoffowingtoaheavyshower.postponev.延期（tochangeanevent,actionetc.toalatertimeordate）postponedoingsthpostponehavingafamily暫時不結(jié)婚holdup阻隔，耽誤eg.Wewereheavilyheldupinthesnow.二、課文講解Oneofthemostfamoussailingshipsofthenineteenthcentury,theCuttySark,canstillbeseenatGreenwich.…canstillbeseenatGreenwich.Greenwich[?ɡrinid?]Backgroundnotes:anareaofsoutheastLondonontheRiverThames.TheoriginalBritishRoyalobservatoryistherewherethe0meridianpassesthroughthegroundsoftheobservatory.英國倫敦Thames河邊的一個行政區(qū)為格林威治天文臺所在地．通過這里的子午線為本初子午線，即經(jīng)度為零的位置。英國皇家天文臺也在那里。GreenwichMeanTime格林威治時間；國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間Shestandsondrylandandisvisitedbythousandsofpeopleeachyear.Shestandsondrylandandisvisitedby…standondryland停在陸地上onland在陸地上byland經(jīng)陸地（bycar,bytrain,bycoach長途汽車)landofmilkandhoney樂土（animaginaryplacewherelifeiseasyandpleasant)she…isvisitedbythousandsofpeopleeachyear.thousandsofpeople成千上萬的人們hundredsofpeople成百上千的人們hundredsofthousandsof數(shù)百萬的，無數(shù)的millionsof幾百萬的tensof十幾的dozensof幾十個scoresof幾十個某些精確數(shù)量詞表示模糊概念：talknineteen/thirteentothedozen喋喋不休ahundredandonetimesathousandandoneapologies深表歉意eg.Ihavemadeahundred/thousandandoneapologiesforcominglate.(深表歉意)takefortywinks小睡了一會（午睡）Sheservesasanimpressivereminderofthegreatshipsofthepast.…servesasanimpressivereminderof……1）serveas…全當(dāng)作，充當(dāng)…eg.Itservedasalessontohim.這對他來說是個教訓(xùn)。eg.Thepictureonlyservedasareminderofhappytimes.這照片只當(dāng)是讓我想起還有過幸福的時光。eg.Whentrampssleepintheopen,oldnewspaperscanserveasablanket.當(dāng)流浪漢在戶外過夜時，舊報紙可以充當(dāng)毛毯用。2)tospendaperiodoftimedoingajob作為…,供職于…,服勤…eg.FranklinD.Rooseveltistheonlypersonwhohaseverserved4termsaspresident.羅斯福是唯一一位連續(xù)任職4屆的美國總統(tǒng)。eg.Themaidservantservedthefamilyasacookfor5years.這個女傭在那戶人家當(dāng)了5年的廚娘。servetime服刑期滿（prisoner）任屆期滿（chairman）serveasentence服刑remindern.使人憶起某事的東西（人）；（作為提醒人的）信號，提示serveasareminder充當(dāng)讓人回憶起某事的東西/bearemindereg.Occasionalburstsofgunfireareareminderthatthebattleisn’toveryet.偶爾爆發(fā)的槍聲提醒人們戰(zhàn)爭尚未結(jié)束。eg.Thepresident’sbodyguardsserveasareminderthathe’snoordinaryguyforawalk.總統(tǒng)身邊的保鏢提醒人們他可不是能隨便出去散散步的普通人。reminiscence追憶，回憶reminiscenceofthewar戰(zhàn)爭回憶錄Beforetheywerereplacedbysteamships,sailingvesselsliketheCuttySarkwereusedtocarryteafromChinaandwoolfromAustralia.TheCuttySarkwasoneofthefastestsailingshipsthathaseverbeenbuilt.…thefastestsailingshipsthathaseverbeenbuilt.…是建船史上建造的最快的一艘帆船。eg.Titanicwasthelargestshipthathaseverbeenbuilt.ever-(meaningalways)ever-lasting永恒的evergreen長青ever-growing/ever-increasing持續(xù)增長的TheonlyothershiptomatchherwastheThermopylae.theonlyothershiptomatchher…match1）tobeasgoodas…與…相匹敵，勢均力敵eg.Noonecanmatchherinclassicalmusic.在古典音樂方面沒有人和他相匹敵。2)相配，相稱，合適eg.Herclothesdon'tmatchherage.3)tocompetewithsbinagame.在比賽中與某人相抗衡eg.Thetwoex-championswerematchedinthefinal.兩位前冠軍保持者在決賽中交手。BoththeseshipssetoutfromShanghaionJune18th,1872onanexcitingracetoEngland.…onanexcitingracetoEngland.在駛向英國途中展開了一場激烈的比賽race多是與速度相關(guān)的比賽onthewaytosuccessonthehoney-moontriptoFranceontheroadtopeaceThisrace,whichwentonforexactlyfourmonths,wasthelastofitskind.Itmarkedtheendofthegreattraditionofshipswithsailsandthebeginningofanewera.itmarkedtheendof…eg.ThestatueoflibertymarkedthefriendshipbetweentheFrenchandtheAmericans.eg.TheTheoryofRelativitymarkedthesummitofscientificachievement.相對論標(biāo)志著科學(xué)成果的最高峰。ThefirstofthetwoshipstoreachJavaaftertheracehadbegunwastheThermopylae,butontheIndianOcean,theCutsySarktookthelead.…butontheIndianOcean,theCutsySarktookthelead.theIndianOcean印度洋（thethirdlargestoceanintheworld,whichliesbetweenAfricaandAustralia）theAtlanticOcean(thesecondlargestocean)大西洋thePacificOcean太平洋theArcticOcean北冰洋takethelead領(lǐng)先（goaheadoftheothercompetitorsinarace)eg.Koreahastakentheleadinshipbuilding.韓國在造船方面居領(lǐng)先地位。losethelead失去領(lǐng)先地位leadingrole主角supportingrole配角theleadingbrand名牌lead[led]n.鉛leadpencil鉛筆leadpoisoning鉛中毒Itseemedcertainthatshewouldbethefirstshiphome,butduringtheraceshehadalotofbadluck.InAugust,shewasstruckbyaveryheavystormduringwhichherrudderwastornaway.…wouldbethefirstshiphome,home：countryhomeandabroad國內(nèi)外homecrowdhomemarketathome在自己的國家eg.Imissthewarmweatherwehadathomeinchina.我想念中國的溫暖的天氣…duringwhichherrudderwastornaway.tear[t?r]v.(tore,torn)tearaway撕破，撕裂eg.Therudderwastornaway.舵被撕裂（而失去了）tearyourselfaway/from(不情愿地)離開(toleaveaplace/apersonveryunwillinglywhenyouhaveto)eg.WouldyoupleasetearyourselfawayfromtheTVandgivemeahand？你能不能離開電視一會兒，幫我一個一把手？eg.Petercouldn'ttearhiseyesfromhissweetheart'srecedingfigure.Peter無法將視線從他的心上人漸漸消失的身影上離開。teardown四分五裂eg.Thecountrywastorndownbycivilwar.這個國家別內(nèi)戰(zhàn)搞得四分五裂。TheCuttySarkrolledfromsidetosideanditbecameimpossibletosteerher.theCuttySarkrolledfromsidetoside……rollfromsidetoside左右搖晃fromsidetoside從一邊到另一邊f(xié)romdoortodoor挨家挨戶/fromhousetohousefromplacetoplace到處fromhandtomouth勉強(qiáng)糊口（日子過得緊）fromcovertocover從頭到尾fromAtoZ詳細(xì)地fromgeneraltospecific從一般到個別Atemporaryrudderwasmadeonboardfromspareplanksanditwasfittedwithgreatdifficulty.Thisgreatlyreducedthespeedoftheship,fortherewasadangerthatifshetravelledtooquickly,thisrudderwouldbetornawayaswell.…ifshetraveledtooquickly,therudderwouldbetornawayaswellIf引導(dǎo)了一個條件狀語從句，從句為一般過去，主句為過去將來。而不是虛擬語氣，因為這種可能性不僅存在而且很大。Becauseofthis,theCuttySarklostherlead.AftercrossingtheEquator,thecaptaincalledinataporttohaveanewrudderfitted,butbynowtheThermopylaewasoverfivehundredmilesahead.…thecaptaincalledinataporttohaveanewrudderfitted…callin1)暫短的訪問，暫短停留eg.Callinanytimeyou'rehere,Ishallbegladtoseeyou.到這里請隨時來吧，我很高興會見到你。2)callinpolice報警callon/calluponsb拜訪某人callatsomeplace拜訪某地（處）eg.Icalledatthejeweller’s.我去了趟珠寶店。callameeting召開會議callsbup給某人掛個電話callthegameoff取消比賽Thoughthenewrudderwasfittedattremendousspeed,itwasimpossiblefortheCattySarktowin.…itwasimpossiblefortheCuttySarktowin.itisimpossibleforsb/sthtodoit:形式主語todosth:真正的主語itispossibleforsbtodosthitisessentialforsbtodosthitisimportantforsbtodosthitisnecessaryforsbtodosthitiseasyforsbtodosthitisdifficultforsbtodosthitiskindofsbtodosthitisconsiderateofsbtodosthitisniceofsbtodosthitisshamefulofsbtodosthShearrivedinEnglandaweekaftertheThermopylae.Eventhiswasremarkable,consideringthatshehadhadsomanydelays.Thereisnodoubtthatifshehadnotlostherruddershewouldhavewontheraceeasily.nodoubt大概，很可能，我料想，我推測eg.Nodoubtit'llrainsoon.我看很快就要下雨了。eg.You'retired,nodoubt.I'llmakeyouacupoftea.你大概累了，我給你沏杯茶。that引導(dǎo)了同位語從句三、Review1.Sheservesasanimpressivereminderofthegreatshipsofthepast.1)serveas…全當(dāng)作，充當(dāng)…eg.Itservedasalessontohim.這對他來說是個教訓(xùn)。eg.Thepictureonlyservedasareminderofhappytimes.這照片只當(dāng)是讓我想起還有過幸福的時光。eg.Whentrampssleepintheopen,oldnewspaperscanserveasablanket.當(dāng)流浪漢在戶外過夜時，舊報紙可以充當(dāng)毛毯用。2)tospendaperiodoftimedoingajob作為…，供職于…，服勤…eg.FranklinD.Rooseveltistheonlypersonwhohaseverserved4termsasPresident.羅斯福是唯一一位連續(xù)任職4屆的美國總統(tǒng)。eg.Themaidservantservedthefamilyasacookfor5years.這個女傭在那戶人家當(dāng)了5年的廚娘。servetime服刑期滿(prisoner)任屆期滿(chairman)serveasentence服刑remindern．使人憶起某事的東西（人）（作為提醒人的）信號，提示serveasareminder/bearemindereg.Occasionalburstsofgunfireareareminderthatthebattleisn'toveryet.偶爾爆發(fā)的槍聲提醒人們戰(zhàn)爭尚未結(jié)束。eg.Thepresident'sbodyguardsserveasareminderthathe'snoordinaryguyoutforawalk.總統(tǒng)身邊的保鏢提醒著人們他可不是能隨便出去散散步的普通人。reminiscence追憶，回憶reminiscencesofthewar戰(zhàn)爭回憶錄2.Itmarkedtheendofthegreattraditionofshipswithsailsandthebeginningofanewera.eg.TheStatueofL