小升初英語語法-冠詞

小升初英語語法-冠詞小升初英語語法-冠詞小升初英語語法-冠詞資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月小升初英語語法-冠詞版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：二、冠詞冠詞有不定冠詞(a,an)和定冠詞(the)兩種,常放在名詞的前面,用來限定名詞的意義,起泛指或特指的作用。(一)不定冠詞的用法：不定冠詞a/an用在單數(shù)名詞的前面，a用在輔音開頭的詞前面，an用在元音開頭的詞的前面。1)用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，指人或事物的某一種類，以區(qū)別于其他種類，例如：Aelephantismuchstrongerthanaman.(大象比人強(qiáng)壯多了。)(不能譯為：一頭大象比一個(gè)人強(qiáng)壯。)Sheisagirl.Passmeanapple,please.2)指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物（非特指），例如：AboyiswaitingforyouWeworksixdaysaweek.Thereisadoglyingontheground.3)表示“一”這個(gè)數(shù)量,但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈，例如:WearegoingtohaveanEnglishlessontomorrow.Ihaveamouth,anose,twoeyesandtwoears.4)用于某些固定的詞組中.例如:abit(一點(diǎn)),alittle(一點(diǎn)),afew(幾個(gè)),alot(許多),akindof(一種),apairof(一副、一雙),anumberof(大量的),apieceof(一張、一片),halfanhour(半小時(shí)),haveagoodtime(玩得開心),haveacold(感冒),makeanoise(發(fā)出嘈雜聲),have/takea(rest等)(休息)一會(huì)兒,等等。5)用于quitea(an),manya(an),halfa(an),whata(an),sucha(an)manya/an+單數(shù)名詞=many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞

manyastudent=manystudents"許多學(xué)生",但是"manya/an+單數(shù)名詞"作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.【注】:用a還是an,要看后面的詞讀音以輔音開頭還是以元音開頭.特別注意“數(shù)字”和“字母”，如：數(shù)字8—eight，18—eighteen，80---eighty（包括80多、800多），11---eleven字母a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,xAa[ei],Ee[i:],Ff[ef],Hh[eit∫],Ii[ai],Ll[el],Mm[em],Nn[en],Oo[?u],Rr[ɑ:],Ss[es],Xx[eks]Bb[bi:],Cc[si:],Dd[di:],Gg[d?i:],Jj[d?ei]K,k[kei],Pp[pi:],Qq[kju:],Tt[ti:],Uu[ju:],Vv[vi:],Ww[′d?blju:],Yy[wai],Zz[zi:][zed]特別需要注意的詞：English，idea，orange，umbrella，old，art……h(huán)our，……university，useful，uniform，……(二)定冠詞的用法：定冠詞the用在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)的名詞前面。1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物，例如：thephotooftheboyThemanwithaflowerinhishandisJack..(手上拿著一朵花的男人是杰克)2)指雙方都知道的人或物.例如:--Wherearethenewbooks,Jim?--Theyareonthesmalltable.Lookattheblackboard,Lily.(莉莉,請(qǐng)看黑板。)3)指上文提過的人或物，例如：Todayheismakingamachine.Hewantstoridethemachinelikeabikeandflyitlikeaplane.Thereisamanunderthetree.ThemaniscalledRobert.(樹下有個(gè)人,那個(gè)人叫羅伯特。)4)用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前,例如：Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.Theearthturnsaroundthesun.(地球繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)。)5)用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前.例如：【注意】：副詞最高級(jí)前不加，序數(shù)詞前有形物代時(shí)不加Thefirsttruckiscarryingafewbaskets.Thethirdoneiscarryingthefewestofall.Whoisthefirstonetogo?(誰第一個(gè)去？)Ofallthestars,thesunisthenearesttotheearth.(在所有的恒星之中太陽離地球最近)6)用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前,例如:theGreatWalltheSpringFestivaltheUnitedStatesofAmerica7)用在江河、海洋、山脈等名稱的前面。例如：IhaveneverbeentotheHimalayaMountains.(我從來沒有去過喜馬拉雅山)8)用在樂器前面（西洋樂器），例如：playtheviolin,playtheguitar,playthepiano9)用與形容詞和分詞前表示一類人，表復(fù)數(shù)（加復(fù)數(shù)謂語），例如：theold,theyoung,thepoor,therich10)表示“一家人”，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)用法與family類似，例如：theGreens,theZhangs11)用于方位名詞、身體部位名詞前，例如：intheeast，ontheshoulder12)在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的每個(gè)年代，例如：inthe1990’s（二十世紀(jì)九十年代）13)用在一些習(xí)慣用語中,例如:inthemorning(afternoon,evening),ontheleft(right)attheendof/intheend(最后)bytheway(順便說一下)ontheway(在路上)thesameallthetime(一直)thewholetime(三)不用冠詞的情況1）在專有名詞前和不可數(shù)名詞前（第一次使用）。例如：China,GradeTwo,BillSmith,milkChinaisaverylargecountry.(中國(guó)是個(gè)大國(guó))Manneedsairandwater.(人類需要空氣和水)2）名詞前已有指示、物主或不定代詞作定語時(shí)，如this,that,my,your,some,any,another等。例如：Mypenismuchmoreexpensivethanyours.(我的鋼筆比你的昂貴多了)Theletterisinherpocket.Ithinktheshopisclosedatthistimeofday.3）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)（泛指）。例如：Myfatherandmotherareteachers.Menareclevererthanmonkeys.(人比猴子聰明)Ilikecakes.4）在星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日、三餐、球類、棋類、語言、學(xué)科的名稱前。例如：ItisSunday(Monday,Tuesday,etc.)TodayisMid-AutumnDay.Itiscoldinwinter.Hewenttoschoolafterbreakfast.Canyouplaybasketball?

Wehavebreakfastathomeandlunchatschool.(我們?cè)诩页栽顼?在校吃午飯)ThechildrenplayfootballonSaturdayafternoons.(孩子們星期六下午踢足球)5）在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如：UncleWanglikesmakingthings.WhatcolourareMrsGreen’sshoes?6）與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前，例如：onfootbytrain,byair,bybus,bybike,byplane,byship,bycoach,bysea7）以and連接的連個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)，例如：knifeandfork,dayandnight,husbandandwife【注意】：在某些固定詞組中，如：athome,gotoschool,gotobed,inbed,inhospital,inclass,afterclass,atnoon等的名詞前不用冠詞。at/to/from/outof/after/forschool;in/to/for/afterclassin/to/outof/intobedafter/at/from/outof/toworkat/fromhomeatnight/noon/midnightgotoschool/bedontopofinfrontofonshow/display/duty/watchin/outofhospitalatallon/intimeatfirst/last/onceinChinese/Englishtakecareof8）在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同，請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別：infrontof在…前面inthehospital在醫(yī)院里inthefrontof在…范圍內(nèi)的前部inhospital(生病)住院gotobed/gotothebedgotoschool/gototheschool【冠詞練習(xí)】：1.There's_________800-metre-longroadbehind_________hospital.A.an,anB.a,aC.an,theD.a,the【例題解析】：1._______milkisfood.________milkinthiscuphasgonebad.2.---Doyoulikeplaying_________football?---Yes.ButIhaveonly_________basketball.3.Doyouknow_______girlon________anothersideof________lake?4.There’s________“u”and________“s”in________word“use”.5.Shesays________animalscant’slivewithout__________air,either.6.Hisfather,whois________honestman,isteachingin________university.7.Whichisheavier,________elephantor________horse?8.________coldwindwasblowingfromthenorth.9.Heisalwaysreadytohelp_________oldand________young.10.________Greensaretravelingin_________SouthChina.11.Although______mostofusliketodrinkbeer,thosewhodrink________mostare_______leasthealthy.12.Xiaomeisaw_________interestingfilmlastnight.________filmwasabout_________kinddoctor.13.Youcanhave_________secondtryifyoufail_______firsttime.14.Tomwentto____schoolasusual,buthedidn’tknowhisfatherwentto____schoolforaparentmeeting.15.________knowledgebeginswith_________practice.練習(xí)與鞏固：一、在空白處填入a/an或the。1.---Mum,whatshallwehavefor_______dinner?

---Dumplings.---Oh,what_______wonderfuldinner!Ienjoyitverymuch.2._________PLA（People'sLiberationArmy）wasfoundedon__________August1st,19273._______Kingscametousat_________noon.4.Thescientistsfrom________UnitedStateslivein__________NinthStreet.5.Thedoctortohim,“Take______medicinetwice_____day.Stayin_____bedandyou’llbebettersoon.”6.September10this____________Teachers’Day.7.Mr.Blackarrivedhereon__________Tuesdaymorning.8.Therearefourseasonsin_____year.______firstseasonisspring.Itis_______bestoneof______four.9.Somepeoplehavebeento_________moon,in_______spaceship.10._______Chinais_________oldcountrywith_________longhistory11.Theyareliving______happylifenow.12.______bagon______deskismine.13.Thereis______emptyboxonthetable.14.Doyoulike______musicofthefilm“Titanic”

15.On______Saturday,Istayin______bedtill12:00.16.______BrownshavebeentoChinatwice.17.Don’tmakeanynoisein______class.18.Thisissuch______interestingstorythatyoumustlistentoit.19.NextweektheywillgotoAustraliaby______air.20.Whichisbigger,______sunor______moon?

三、在空白處填入a/an或the。1.ThismorningIbought_____newspaperand_____magazine._______newspaperisinmybagbutIdon’tknowwhereIput______magazine.2.Isaw______accidentthismorning.______carcrashedinto______tree.______driverof______carwasn’thurtbut______carwasbadlydamaged.3.Therearetwocarsparkedoutside:______blueoneand_______greyone._______blueoneismyneighbour’s;