英語(yǔ)句子成分、句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)(含答案)

英語(yǔ)句子成分、句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)(含答案)英語(yǔ)句子成分、句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)(含答案)英語(yǔ)句子成分、句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)(含答案)xxx公司英語(yǔ)句子成分、句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)(含答案)文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度英語(yǔ)句子成分和英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)1主語(yǔ)（subject）:句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名詞）Helikesdancing.（代詞）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.（動(dòng)名詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語(yǔ)從句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)）謂語(yǔ)（predicate）:說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.表語(yǔ)（predicative）:系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.（名詞）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代詞）Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）Heisasleep.（形容詞）Hisfatherisin.（副詞）Thepictureisonthewall.(介詞短語(yǔ))Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容詞化的分詞）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表語(yǔ)從句）（常見的系動(dòng)詞有:be,sound（聽起來(lái)）,look（看起來(lái)）,feel(摸起來(lái)，smell（聞起來(lái)）,taste（嘗、吃起來(lái)）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感覺(jué)）...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet. Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen. NowIfeeltired.賓語(yǔ)：1）動(dòng)作的承受者-----動(dòng)賓IlikeChina.（名詞）Hehatesyou.（代詞）HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（賓語(yǔ)從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-----介賓AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）雙賓語(yǔ)-----間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名詞）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（過(guò)去分詞）主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdworld.（數(shù)詞）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.過(guò)分Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞 Shecame．/Myheadaches.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ) ShelikesEnglish.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) Sheishappy．主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ) ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.）Exercises分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.7.---Iloveyoumorethanher，child.8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.20.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.21.ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany．22.Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatit'shardformetofindhim．23.Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitthismonth.24.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.25.Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo.26.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.27.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup28.Maryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher.29.Doyouknowthelatestnewsabouthim?30.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞）1你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。2她昨天回家很晚。3那天早上我們談了很多。4會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。5在過(guò)去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。6這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。71919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。8每天八時(shí)開始上課。9這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。10五年前我住在北京。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)）1昨晚我寫了一封信。2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?這本書他讀過(guò)多次了。4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。5你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。6那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。7我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的信。8Jim還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。9我們大家都相信Jack是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。10他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)）1我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。2冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)。3布朗夫人看起來(lái)很健康。4十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。5孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。6這本書是有關(guān)美國(guó)歷史的書。7她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。8他失業(yè)了。9樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。10這個(gè)報(bào)告聽起來(lái)很有意思。雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)1Johnson先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。2.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。3.Mary把錢包交給校長(zhǎng)了。4.請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎5.他把車票給列車員看。6.這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過(guò)三封信了。7.我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。8.RobinsonCrusoe給自己做了一只小船。9.請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎10.我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）1我們叫她Alice.2他的父母給他取名為John.3我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。4他們把門推開了。5他們把小偷釋放了。6我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。7他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。8我要你把真相告訴我。9衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。10明天我要找人來(lái)修理機(jī)器。11每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。12痛苦使得他叫喊起來(lái)。13我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。14他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。15我要請(qǐng)人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。16那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了17她正在聽人家講故事。18男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。19我從來(lái)沒(méi)看見這個(gè)字這樣用過(guò)。20他感到很難跟你交談。21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。22我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。23學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。24我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話是無(wú)益的。Therebe句型1今晚沒(méi)有會(huì)。2這個(gè)村子過(guò)去只有一口井。3這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂(lè)老師和一名美術(shù)老師。4客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國(guó)人和兩名法國(guó)人。5天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)下午有大風(fēng)。6燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。7戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。8恰好那時(shí)房里沒(méi)人。9從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。10公共汽車來(lái)了。11就只剩下二十八美元了。12在這個(gè)山洞前面長(zhǎng)著一棵高大的松樹。13鈴響了。14二月份有二十八天。KEYS分析下列句子成分1.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)3.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)5.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)6.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋形式賓語(yǔ)it＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)7.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)8.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)9.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)10.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)11.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)12主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)13.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)14.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)15.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)16.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)17.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)18.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)19.主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞20.主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞21.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)22.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)23.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)24.主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞25.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)26.主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞27.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)28.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)29.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)30.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞）1Youshouldstudyhard.2Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.7TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.8Classesbeginateighteveryday.9Thisboxweighsfivekilos.10IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)）1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.6.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.7.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.8.Jimcannotdresshimself.9.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.10.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5Children,keepquietplease.6ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.7Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.8Heisoutofwork.9Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.10Thereportsoundsinteresting.雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)）1MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.4Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.6ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.7Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.8RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.9Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy10ShallIcallyouataxi復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）1WecallherAlice.2HisparentsnamedhimJohn.3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4Theypushedthedooropen.5Theyhavesetthethieffree.6Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.7Heaskedustojoininthegame.8Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.9Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.10TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.11EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.12Thepainmadehimcryout.13Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.14Hehashishaircutonceamonth.15I’llgetmyrecordermended.16Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.17Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.18heboyswerewatchingthesoldiersdril