21世紀大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第四冊+Unit6

21世紀大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第四冊+Unit621世紀大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第四冊+Unit621世紀大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第四冊+Unit6資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月21世紀大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第四冊+Unit6版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：21世紀大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第四冊Unit6Unit6TextAPre-readingActivitiesFirstListeningBeforelisteningtothetape,haveaquicklookatthefollowingwords.sock短襪EQ情商empathy同情SecondListeningListentothetapeagain.Theychoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1.ThelisteningpassagesaysthatEinsteinwasageniusintermsof_______.A)EmotionalIntelligenceor"EQ"B)IntellectualIntelligenceor"IQ"C)bothEQandIQD)neitherEQnorIQ2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanexampleofEmotionalIntelligence?A)Understandingyourownfeelings.B)Understandingthefeelingsofothers.C)Beingabletohandleemotionseffectively.D)Beingsmarterthanothersinyourclass.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenEQandIQ?A)Peopletendtohavemoreofonethantheother.B)Peopletendtohavethesameamountofeach.C)Theyworktogethertomakeyousuccessful.D)Theydependonsuchfactorsassocialclassandhowluckyyouare.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A)Tointroduceanewconcept,EQ,andexplainitssignificance.B)ToexplainwhyEQismoreimportantinlifethanIQ.C)Todiscussdifferentdefinitionsofsuccess.D)Tocriticizetraditionalnotionsofintelligence.TheEQFactorNancyGibbsItturnsoutthatascientistcanseethefuturebywatchingfour-year-oldsinteractwithamarshmallow.Theresearcherinvitesthechildren,onebyone,intoaplainroomandbeginsthegentletorment.Youcanhavethismarshmallowrightnow,hesays.ButifyouwaitwhileIrunanerrand,youcanhavetwomarshmallowswhenIgetback.Andthenheleaves.Somechildrengrabforthetreattheminutehe'soutthedoor.Somelastafewminutesbeforetheygivein.Butothersaredeterminedtowait.Theycovertheireyes;theyputtheirheadsdown;theysingtothemselves;theytrytoplaygamesorevenfallasleep.Whentheresearcherreturns,hegivesthesechildrentheirhard-earnedmarshmallows.Andthen,sciencewaitsforthemtogrowup.Bythetimethechildrenreachhighschool,somethingremarkablehashappened.Asurveyofthechildren'sparentsandteachersfoundthatthosewhoasfour-year-oldshadenoughself-controltoholdoutforthesecondmarshmallowgenerallygrewuptobebetteradjusted,morepopular,adventurous,confidentanddependableteenagers.Thechildrenwhogaveintotemptationearlyonweremorelikelytobelonely,easilyfrustratedandstubborn.Theycouldnotendurestressandshiedawayfromchallenges.AndwhensomeofthestudentsinthetwogroupstooktheScholasticAptitudeTest,thekidswhohadheldoutlongerscoredanaverageof210pointshigher.WhenwethinkofbrillianceweseeEinstein,deep-eyed,woollyhaired,athinkingmachinewithskinandmismatchedsocks.Highachievers,weimagine,werewiredforgreatnessfrombirth.Butthenyouhavetowonderwhy,overtime,naturaltalentseemstoigniteinsomepeopleanddiminothers.Thisiswherethemarshmallowscomein.Itseemsthattheabilitytodelaygratificationisamasterskill,atriumphofthereasoningbrainovertheimpulsiveone.Itisasign,inshort,ofemotionalintelligence.Anditdoesn'tshowuponanIQtest.Formostofthiscentury,scientistshaveworshippedthehardwareofthebrainandthesoftwareofthemind;themessypowersoftheheartwerelefttothepoets.Butcognitivetheorycouldsimplynotexplainthequestionswewonderaboutmost:whysomepeoplejustseemtohaveagiftforlivingwell;whythesmartestkidintheclasswillprobablynotenduptherichest;whywelikesomepeoplevirtuallyonsightanddistrustothers;whysomepeopleremainupbeatinthefaceoftroublesthatwouldsinkalessresilientsoul.Whatqualitiesofthemindorspirit,inshort,determinewhosucceeds?Thephrase"emotionalintelligence"wascoinedbyYalepsychologistPeterSaloveyandtheUniversityofNewHampshire'sJohnMayerfiveyearsagotodescribequalitieslikeunderstandingone'sownfeelings,empathyforthefeelingsofothersand"theregulationofemotioninawaythatenhancesliving."Theirnotionisabouttoboundintothenationalconversation,handilyshortenedtoEQ,thankstoanewbook,EmotionalIntelligencebyDanielGoleman.Goleman,aHarvardpsychologyPh.D.andaNewYorkTimessciencewriterwithagiftformakingeventhemostdifficultscientifictheoriesdigestibletolayreaders,hasbroughttogetheradecade'sworthofbehavioralresearchintohowthemindprocessesfeelings.Hisgoal,heannouncesonthecover,istoredefinewhatitmeanstobesmart.Histhesis:whenitcomestopredictingpeople'ssuccess,brainpowerasmeasuredbyIQandstandardizedachievementtestsmayactuallymatterlessthanthequalitiesofmindoncethoughtofas"character"beforethewordbegantosoundold-fashioned.Atfirstglance,therewouldseemtobelittlethat'snewheretoanyclosereaderoffortunecookies.Theremaybenolessoriginalideathanthenotionthatourheartsholddominionoverourheads."Iwassoangry,"wesay,"Icouldn'tthinkstraight."Neitherisitsurprisingthat"peopleskills"areuseful,whichamountstosaying,it'sgoodtobenice."It'ssotrueit'strivial,"saysDr.PaulMcHugh,directorofpsychiatryatJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Butifitwerethatsimple,thebookwouldnotbequitesointerestingoritsimplicationssocontroversial.Thisisnoabstractinvestigation.Golemanislookingforantidotestorestore"civilitytoourstreetsandcaringtoourcommunallife."Heseespracticalapplicationseverywhereforhowcompaniesshoulddecidewhomtohire,howcouplescanincreasetheoddsthattheirmarriageswilllast,howparentsshouldraisetheirchildrenandhowschoolsshouldteachthem.Whenstreetgangssubstituteforfamiliesandschoolyardinsultsendinstabbings,whenmorethanhalfofmarriagesendindivorce,whenthemajorityofthechildrenmurderedinthiscountryarekilledbyparentsandstepparents,manyofwhomsaytheyweretryingtodisciplinethechildforbehaviorlikeblockingtheTVorcryingtoomuch,itsuggestsademandforremedialemotionaleducation.Anditisheretheargumentswillbreakout.Goleman'shighlypopularizedconclusions,saysMcHugh,"willchillanyveteranscholarofpsychotherapyandanyneuroscientistwhoworriesabouthowhisresearchmaycometobeapplied."Whilemanyresearchersinthisrelativelynewfieldaregladtoseeemotionalissuesfinallytakenseriously,theyfearthatanotionashandyasEQinvitesmisuse.Golemanadmitsthedangerofsuggestingthatyoucanassignanumericalvaluetoaperson'scharacteraswellashisintellect;GolemanneverevenusesthephraseEQinhisbook.Buthedidsomewhatreluctantlyapprovean"unscientific"EQtestinUSATodaywithchoiceslike"IamawareofevensubtlefeelingsasIhavethem,"and"Icansensethepulseofagrouporrelationshipandstateunspokenfeelings.""Youdon'twanttotakeanaverageofyouremotionalskill,"arguesHarvardpsychologyprofessorJeromeKagan,apioneerinchild-developmentresearch."That'swhat'swrongwiththeconceptofintelligenceformentalskillstoo.Somepeoplehandleangerwellbutcan'thandlefear.Somepeoplecan'ttakejoy.Soeachemotionhastobevieweddifferently."EQisnottheoppositeofIQ.Somepeopleareblessedwithalotofboth,somewithlittleofeither.Whatresearchershavebeentryingtounderstandishowtheycomplementeachother;howone'sabilitytohandlestress,forinstance,affectstheabilitytoconcentrateandputintelligencetouse.Amongtheingredientsforsuccess,researchersnowgenerallyagreethatIQcountsforabout20%;therestdependsoneverythingfromclasstolucktotheneuralpathwaysthathavedevelopedinthebrainovermillionsofyearsofhumanevolution.(1047words)NewWordsEQ(abbr.)emotionalquotient情商interactvi.(with)actorhaveaneffectoneachother相互作用；相互影響marshmallown.softsweetmadefromsugarandgelatine果汁軟糖tormentn.severephysicalormentalsuffering（肉體或精神上的）折磨，痛苦vt.causeseveresufferingto折磨；使痛苦errandn.smalljobthatrequiresashortjourney,usu.forsb.else（短程的）差事，差使hard-earneda.gainedwithgreatdifficultyoreffort辛苦掙來的surveyn.investigation調(diào)查adventurousa.eagerfororfondofadventure渴望冒險的，喜歡冒險的dependablea.thatmaybedependedon可信賴的，可靠的scholastica.ofschoolsandeducation學(xué)校的；的；學(xué)業(yè)的aptituden.naturalabilityorskill天生的才能或技巧；天資brilliancen.thequalityofbeingbrilliant光輝，輝煌；壯麗；（卓越的）才華，才智woollya.羊毛（制）的；產(chǎn)羊毛的；像羊毛的mismatchvt.match(peopleorthings)wronglyorunsuitably使錯配，配合不當sockn.shortstockingcoveringtheankleandlowerpartoftheleg短襪ignitev.(causeto)catchfire,burn（使）著火，燃燒；發(fā)光dimv.(causeto)becomedim（使）變暗淡；（使）變模糊；（使）失去光澤impulsivea.(ofpeopleandtheirbehavior)markedbysuddenactionthatisundertakenwithoutcarefulthought（指人或人的行為）憑沖動的；易沖動的messya.inastateofdisorder;dirty:causingdirtordisorder凌亂的；臟的；搞亂的；搞臟的upbeata.optimisticorcheerful樂觀的；快樂的resilienta.1.有彈性的，有回彈力的；能復(fù)原的2.有復(fù)原力的；富有活力的；適應(yīng)性強的empathyn.abilitytoimagineandshareanotherperson'sfeelings,experience,etc.同情；同感；共鳴handilyad.靈巧地，熟練地；輕易地；近便地digestiblea.thatcanbedigested;relativelyeasytounderstand可消化的；可吸收的；較易理解的behaviorala.ofbehavior行為的thesisn.1.statementortheoryputforwardandsupportedbyargument論題，命題；論點2.longwrittenessaysubmittedbyacandidateforauniversitydegree;dissertation畢業(yè)論文；學(xué)位standardizevt.make(sth.)conformtoafixedstandard,shape,quality,type,etc.使（某事物）標準化；使合乎標準（或規(guī)格）fortunen.1.largeamountofmoney;wealth大筆的錢；財2.chance;luck機會；運氣3.person'sdestinyorfuture;fate命運；前途cookien.biscuit餅干fortunecookie(U.S.)thinbiscuit,foldedtoholdaprintedmessage(e.g.aproverb,prophecyorjoke)servedinChineserestaurants（美）簽語餅（中國餐館的折疊形小餅，內(nèi)有紙條，上寫預(yù)測運氣的格言或幽默套語）dominionn.(over)rule;powerfulauthority;effectivecontrol統(tǒng)治；管轄；支配；控制straightad.clearly,logically清晰地；有條理地controversiala.causingorlikelytocauseargumentordisagreement引起爭論的；有爭議的abstracta.existinginthoughtorasanideabutnothavingaphysicalorpracticalexistence抽象的antidoten.解毒藥；（喻）矯正方法，對抗手段civilityn.factoractofshowingpoliteness;actofbeingcivilized禮貌，客氣，謙恭communala.1.oforreferringtoacommuneoracommunity公共的；社區(qū)的，集體的2.fortheuseofall;shared公用的；共有的oddsn.(pl.)probabilityorchance可能性；機會schoolyardn.校園；操場stabvt.pierce(sth.)orwound(sb.)withapointedtoolorweapon;push(aknife,etc.)intosb./sth.戳（某物）；刺（某人）；用（刀等）刺（或戳、捅）某人（或某物）stabbingn.instanceofstabbingorbeingstabbed用利器傷人stepparentn.繼父，后父；繼母，后母remedyn.藥品；治療（法）；補救辦法；糾正辦法vt.醫(yī)治；治療；補救；糾正remediala.補救的；糾正的；補習的popularizevt.1.make(sth.)generallyliked使（某事物）被大家喜歡，使受大家歡迎2.make(sth.)knownoravailabletothegeneralpublic,esp.bypresentingitinaneasilyunderstandableform使（某事物）眾所周知；使普及chillvt.1.makecold使變冷；使冷卻；使感到冷2.discourage使沮喪；使掃興n.寒冷；風寒；冷淡；沮喪；掃興scholarn.personwhostudiesanacademicsubjectdeeply學(xué)者psychotherapyn.treatmentofmentaldisordersbypsychologicalmethods精神療法；心理療法neuroscientistn.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)家handya.(ofanobject,tool,machine,etc.)easytouse;usefulforsomepurpose便于使用的；有用的numericala.of,expressedinorrepresentingnumbers數(shù)字的；用數(shù)字表示的；代表數(shù)字的approvevt.1.haveapositiveopinionof贊成；稱許2.accept,permitorofficiallyagreeto批準；允許；對…表示認可neurala.thenerves神經(jīng)的pathwayn.wayortrackmadefororbypeoplewalking小路，小徑（=path）PhrasesandExpressionsonebyoneseparately;individuallyinorder一個一個地；依次地rightnowimmediately;atthismoment立即；此刻runa