英語口語的意群與停頓

英語口語的意群與停頓英語口語的意群與停頓英語口語的意群與停頓xxx公司英語口語的意群與停頓文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度英語口語的意群與停頓I.繞口令練習(xí)1.Abigblackbugbitthebackofabigblackbear.Thebigblackbearbitbackthebigblackbug.2.Thisfishhasathinfin;thatfishhasafatfin;thisfishisafishthathasathinnerfinthanthatfish.思考：不注意節(jié)奏和停頓會造成哪些問題？

A.；B.練習(xí)肺活量，一句話從頭連到尾不喘氣；II．如何把握英語朗讀的節(jié)奏與停頓

英語句子也有自己拆分的規(guī)則。要把握好節(jié)奏和停頓，必須了解英語的意群和停頓。A.意群(Sense-group)一個句子可以是一個語調(diào)組,但語調(diào)組并不等于一個句子。小于句子的語音單位是意群。意群是句子內(nèi)部有相對完整意義的一組詞。既然有一定的意義,就必然有表征一定意義的某種語調(diào)類型。B.停頓(Pause)在一個較長的句子中,如果按意群來讀,意群之間稍加停頓,就可以讓聽者聽清我們語流中的意群和句子,也可以喘一口氣,接著再說,而且能體現(xiàn)出英語所特有的節(jié)奏和韻律,但是在一個意群中不可停頓。C．停頓的方法語言雖然是一個一個音組成的,但不是一個音一個音或一個詞一個詞吐出來的,而是一組一組,一群一群相互密切聯(lián)系的意群組合。意群之間可以由好幾個單詞組成,也可以只是一個單詞組成。意群和意群之間可以有微弱的停頓（但不一定要停頓）。為了在朗讀或說話時把意群很好地聯(lián)系在一起,就需要恰當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD,拖音或連讀來一氣呵成。至于意群之間停頓的頻率問題,這就要看講話或朗讀的速度,講得慢時停頓就多些,反之就少些。示例：里根總統(tǒng)第二任就職演說詞:"Wemustdowhatweknowisright,anddoitwithallourmight."(我們必須做我們知道是正確的事,而且要全力去做。)決不能讀成"We/must/do/what/we/know/isright,/anddo/itwithall/ourmight."長句中有短暫的停頓,藉以調(diào)和呼吸,這是自然的現(xiàn)象,但停頓的地方必須恰到好處。通常在:1.有標(biāo)點符號的地方;2.詞組或思想單元之間。短語,從句等思想單元（即意群）成一單位,但它們之間可以短暫停頓。例如:"Wemustdo/whatweknowisright,/anddoit/withallourmight.(斜線為可以稍做停頓之處).小竅門：有人曾對停頓時間的長短提出過一個大致的比例:意群之間如沒有標(biāo)點符號,停半拍;有逗號處停一拍;有分號處停兩拍;有句號處停三拍。當(dāng)然不一定這么機械,但大致上還應(yīng)有一個適當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD時間比例。練習(xí)：朗讀并用斜杠標(biāo)出句子中的意群

1.Theyliveinthatlargehouse/ontheotherside/ofthebridge.//2.Inthemorning/theboygoestoschoolearly.//Sometimes/hewaslate,/becausehismotherwasinpoorhealth.//3.Itisveryimportantforus/totakepartinmanuallabour/fromtimetotime.//4.Doyourememberallthoseyears/whenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillus/butthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure.5.However,whetheritcomesfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.6.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.7.Shesellsseashellsbytheseashore.Theshellsshesellsaresurelyseashells.Soifshesellsshellsontheseashore,I'msureshesellsseashoreshells.8.Icannotbeartoseeabearbeardownuponahare.Whenbareofhairhestripsthehare,rightthereIcry,"Forbear!"9.Thereoncewasamanwhohadasister,hisnamewasMr.Fister.Mr.Fister'ssistersoldseashellsbytheseashore.Mr.Fisterdidn'tsellseashells；hesoldsilksheets.Mr.Fistertoldhissisterthathesoldsixsilksheetstosixshieks.ThesisterofMr.FistersaidIsoldsixshellstosixshiekstoo!10.HowmuchwoodwouldawoodchuckchuckifawoodchuckcouldchuckwoodAwoodchuckwouldchuckallthewoodawoodchuckcouldchuckifawoodchuckcouldchuckwood.HowmanycookiescouldagoodcookcookIfagoodcookcouldcookcookies,agoodcookcouldcookasmuchcookiesasagoodcookwhocouldcookcookies.11.Asnow-whiteswanswamswiftlytocatchaslowly-swimmingsnakeinalake.12.Oncetwohunterswenthuntingintheforest.Oneofthemsuddenlyfelldownbyaccident.Heshowedthewhitesofhiseyesandseemedtohaveceasedbreathing.Theotherhuntersoontookouthismobilephonetocalltheemergencycenterforhelp.Theoperatorsaidcalmly:"First,youshouldmakesurethatheisalreadydead."Thentheoperatorheardagunshotfromtheotherendofthephoneandnextheheardthehunterasking:"WhatshouldIdonext"參考答案：1.Theyliveinthatlargehouse/ontheotherside/ofthebridge.//2.Inthemorning/theboygoestoschoolearly.//Sometimes/hewaslate,/becausehismotherwasinpoorhealth.//3.Itisveryimportantforus/totakepartinmanuallabour/fromtimetotime.//4.Doyourememberallthoseyears/whenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillus/butthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure.5.However,whetheritcomesfromthecommonancestor/thatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,/is,/asyet,/anunansweredquestion.//6.Whatishardertoestablish/iswhethertheproductivityrevolution/thatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingover/isforreal.//7.Shesellsseashells/bytheseashore.//Theshellsshesells/aresurelyseashells.//So/ifshesellsshells/ontheseashore,I'msure/shesellsseashoreshells.8.Icannotbeartoseeabear/beardownuponahare.//Whenbareofhair/hestripsthehare,/rightthere/Icry,/"Forbear!"http://9.Thereoncewasaman/whohadasister;/hisnamewasMr.Fister.//Mr.Fister'ssistersoldseashells/bytheseashore.Mr.Fister/didn'tsellseashells；/hesoldsilksheets.//Mr.Fistertoldhissister/thathesoldsixsilksheetstosixshieks.ThesisterofMr.Fistersaid/Isoldsixshellstosixshiekstoo!//10.Howmuchwood/wouldawoodchuckchuck/ifawooodchuck/couldchuckwoodAwoodchuck/wouldchuckallthewood/awoodchuckcouldchuck/ifawoodchuckcouldchuckwood.//Howmanycookies/could/agoodcook/cookIfagoodcook/couldcookcookies,agoodcook/couldcook/asmuchcookies/asagoodcook/whocouldcookcookies.//11.Asnow-whiteswan/swamswiftly/tocatchaslowly-swimmingsnake/inalake.//12.Once/twohunterswenthunting/intheforest.Oneofthem/suddenlyfelldown/byaccident.Heshowedthewhitesofhiseyes/andseemedtohaveceasedbreathing.Theotherhunter/soontookout