德中老師筆記txt、課件版-ccna中文04.ios操作

網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境管理CiscoIOS軟件功能，能承載所選網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議和功連通性，允許在設(shè)備間高速傳輸數(shù)安全性，可控 使用網(wǎng)可擴(kuò)展性，可根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模變化來增加接可靠性，能確保可靠 網(wǎng)絡(luò)資路由器通電啟動過執(zhí)行加電自檢(POST)加載并運(yùn)行bootstrap代碼查找配置加載配置運(yùn)行配置好的CiscoIOS軟件路由器的內(nèi)部組ROM的功能找到CiscoIOS映像搜搜索順序檢查配置寄存解析用于啟動系統(tǒng)命令的配默認(rèn)到閃存中第一個嘗試從網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器導(dǎo)入助手映從閃存加載CiscoIOS映像將閃存文件加載到RAM加載配如果NVRAM中當(dāng)前沒有配置，進(jìn)入設(shè)置模CiscoIOS用戶界面功CLI可用于輸入命令不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)設(shè)備上的操作各不相同用戶可在控制臺命令模式下輸條目各命令模式的提示符各不相同Enter鍵可以指示設(shè)備解析和執(zhí)行命令 模式路由器模式概CiscoIOSEXEC模式（用戶CiscoIOS軟件EXEC模式 交換機(jī)命令行的幫助工對上下文敏感的幫對上下文敏感的幫助（續(xù)增強(qiáng)編輯命SwitchX>ShapeSwitchX>Shapethefutureofinternetworkingbycreating增強(qiáng)編輯命令（續(xù)SwitchX>SwitchX>$valueforcustomers,employees,and(長命令行的自動滾動Esc-Esc-路由器命令歷史記showterminalhistorysize查看配showrunning-config命令和showstartup-config命令保存配RouterX#copyrunning-configstartup-Destinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration… 到配置路由器標(biāo)配置路由器口控制臺線路命RouterX(config)#RouterX(config)#lineconsoleRouterX(config-line)#exec-timeout20修改控制臺會話的超時時RouterX(config)#RouterX(config)#line0重新顯示中斷的控制臺輸配置接hssi接口、環(huán)回接口、撥號器接口、空接口、異步串口、atm接口、bri接口、隧道接口等等number用于標(biāo)如果是模塊化路由器，選擇一退出當(dāng)前接口配置配置接口描RouterX(config-if)#RouterX(config-if)#descriptionstring是幫助您記住接口相關(guān)信息的注釋或描述參數(shù)string的最大長度238個字禁用或啟用接RouterX#RouterX#configureterminalRouterX(config)#interfaceserial0%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoadministratively%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0,changedstateto管理性地關(guān)閉RouterX#RouterX#configureterminalRouterX(config)#interfaceserial0RouterX(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceSerial0,changedstateto%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineProtocolonInterfaceSerial0,changedstateto啟用管理性關(guān)閉的接配置IP地根據(jù)目的地址進(jìn)行路徑路由器的showinterfaces命RouterX#showEthernet0isup,lineprotocolisHardwareisLance,addressis00e0.1e5d.ae2f(bia00e0.1e5d.ae2f)Internetaddressis1/24MTU1500bytes,BW10000Kbit,DLY1000usec,rely255/255,loadEncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10ARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeoutLastinput00:00:07,output00:00:08,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverQueueingstrategy:fifoOutputqueue0/40,0drops;inputqueue0/75,05minuteinputrate0bits/sec,05minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,081833packetsinput, bytes,0nobufferReceived42308broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles1inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,1ignored,00inputpacketswithdribblecondition55794packets bytes,00outputerrors,0collisions,1interface0babbles,0latecollision,40lostcarrier,0no0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswapped解讀接口狀檢驗(yàn)串行接口配確定當(dāng)前配置寄存器的CiscoIOSSoftware,2800Software(C2800NM-IPBASE-M),12.4(5a),RELEASESOFTWARETechnicalSupport:ht Copyright(c)1986-2006byCiscoSystems,Inc.CompiledSat14-Jan-0603:19byROM:SystemBootstrap,Version12.4(1r)[hqluong1r],SOFTWARERouterXuptimeis1week,5days,21hours,30SystemreturnedtoROMbyreloadat23:04:40UTCTueMar13Systemimagefileis"flash:c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-Cisco2811(revision53.51)with251,904K/10,240KbytesProcessorboardID2FastEthernet2Serial(sync/async)DRAMconfigurationis64bitswidewithparityenabled.239Kbytesofnon-volatileconfigurationmemory.62,720KbytesofATACompactFlashConfigurationregisteris配置寄存器位3、配置寄存器位3、2、10用于設(shè)置啟動使用showversion命令檢查配置寄存器的showversion命CiscoIOSSoftware,2800Software(C2800NM-IPBASE-M),12.4(5a),RELEASESOFTWARETechnical Copyright(c)1986-2006byCiscoSystems,CompiledSat14-Jan-0603:19byROM:SystemBootstrap,Version12.4(1r)[hqluong1r],SOFTWARERouterXuptimeis1week,5days,21hours,30SystemreturnedtoROMbyreloadat23:04:40UTCTueMar13Systemimagefileis"flash:c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-Cisco2811(revision53.51)with251,904K/10,240KbytesProcessorboardID2FastEthernet2Serial(sync/async)DRAMconfigurationis64bitswidewithparity239Kbytesofnon-volatileconfiguration62,720KbytesofATACompactFlashConfigurationregisteris0x2102(willbe2104atnextshowflash命令RouterX#sh-#---length------- 1823Dec14200608:24:54+00:00sdmconfig- Dec14200608:25:24+00:00 833024Dec14200608:25:38+00:00 Dec14200608:25:54+00:00 1038Dec14200608:26:08+00:00 102400Dec14200608:26:22+00:00 491213Dec14200608:26:40+00:00bytesavailable bytes網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境管理CiscoIOS文件系統(tǒng)和設(shè)管理CiscoIOS映像檢驗(yàn)內(nèi)存及解讀映像文件---length------ 1Feb22200721:38:56+00:00c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-2Dec14200608:24:54+00:00sdmconfig-3Dec14200608:25:24+00:004Dec14200608:25:38+00:005Dec14200608:25:54+00:006Dec14200608:26:08+00:007Dec14200608:26:22+00:008Dec14200608:26:40+00:00RouterX#shbytesavailableRouterX#shbytesavailablebytes創(chuàng)建軟件映像備RouterX#copyRouterX#copyflashSourcefilename[]?c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.binAddressornameofremotehost[]?Destinationfilename[c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<outputbytescopiedin98.858secs(122341通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)升級映RouterX#copytftpAddressornameofremotehost[]?Sourcefilename[]?c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.binDestinationfilename[c2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-Accessingt/c2600-js-mz.122-21a.bin...Eraseflash:beforecopying?[confirm]ErasingtheflashfilesystemwillremoveallErasingdevice...eeeeeeeeee(outputomitted)Erase Loadingc2800nm-ipbase-mz.124-5a.bin(output[OK Verifyingchecksum...OK

(viaEthernet0/0):bytescopiedin120.465secs(100398設(shè)備配置文CiscoIOScopy命令終TFTP服務(wù)EraseCiscoIOScopy命令示copyruntftp命令和copytftprun命令A(yù)ddressornameofremotehost[]?Destinationfilename[running-config]?1684bytescopiedin13.300secs(129Addressornameofremotehost[]?Sourcefilename[]?wgroa.cfgDestinationfilename[running-config]?AccessingLoadingwgroa.cfgfrom(viaEthernet0):[OK-1684/30721684bytescopiedin17.692secs(99show命令debug命使用debug命令時的注意事可能會生成不能識別出問題的各種格式的需要大量開銷，可能會中斷網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量和路由器狀態(tài)的相關(guān)信息時十分有與debug相 serviceservicetimestampsdebugdatetimeshowshownonodebugterminalterminal總結(jié)CiscoIFS功能為路由器使用的所有文件系統(tǒng)（NVRAM、RAMTFTP、閃存）提供了單一接口隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)的擴(kuò)大， 服務(wù)器 CiscoIOS軟件和配置件能夠控制必須 的軟件映像及配置文件的數(shù)量和修訂級別在TFTP服務(wù)器 當(dāng)前設(shè)備配置的正確備份有助于縮短設(shè)停機(jī)時CiscoIOS軟件的copy命令用于將配置從一個組件或設(shè)備（RAM、NVRAM或文件服務(wù)器）移動到另一個組件或設(shè)備show命令和debug命令是用于故障排除的內(nèi)置工具。show令用于顯示靜態(tài)信息，而debug命令用于顯示動態(tài)數(shù)總結(jié)（續(xù)路由器啟動時，將執(zhí)試、查找并加載軟件，查找并加載配置，路由器的主要內(nèi)部組件包括RAM、ROM、閃存、NVRAM和配置路由器啟動