版權(quán)說明：本文檔由用戶提供并上傳，收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方，若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
FluidMechanics
FluidMechanicsPrefaceContentsTeachingContents——
InClassroomExperimentalProjects——
InTeachingLabTotalhours:54Classroomteachinghours:48Practicehours:6PrefaceContentsTeachingConteTeachingContents
(1)PartA
(Totalhours:36)A1Introduction(4hours)A2Fluidstatics(6hours)A3Fluidkinematics(6hours)A4Fluiddynamics(6hours)A5Laminarflow,turbulentflowandenergyloss(8hours)A6Pipeflowandcalculationofpipeline(4hours)A7Similaritytheoryanddimensionalanalysis(2hours)FundamentalTeachingContents(1)PartA(TPartB
(Totalhours:8)B1Streamfunctionsandpotentialfunctions,frictionlessirrotationalflow(4hours)B2Boundarylayertheoryandflowpastbody(4hours)PartC
(Totalhours:4)C1ResaerchprogressinFluidMechancis(1hour)C2Modernflowmeasurementtechnologies(1hour)C3IntroductiontonumericalsimulationofturbulenceflowandcommercialsoftwaresofCFD(2hours)TeachingContents
(2)ExtendedcontentsFundamentalPartB(Totalhours:8)B1StrPartAandPartBarethefoundationofFluidMechanics,PartCistheextendedcontentsandrefertosomepracticalproblems.Thiscoursealsopaysmuchattentiontotheprevalenceofmodernfluidmechanics,forexample,theintroductiontothetheoryofturbulenceboundarylayerandthesketchofcomputationalfluiddynamics(CFD)willhelpyourfurtherapplicationsafteryourgraduation.TeachingContents
(3)PartAandPartBarethefounExperimentalProjects(1)In-class(Required)(Totalhours:6)E1Hydrostatics(1hour)E2VelocitymeasurementwithPitottube(1hour)E3FlowmeasurementwithVenturitube(1hour)E4VerificationofBernoulliequation(1hour)E5Reynoldsexperiment(1hour)E6Measurementoffrictionlosscoefficientforcircularpipeflow(1hour)ExperimentalProjects(1)In-clExperimentalProjects(2)After-class(Totalhours:6-8)E1Liquidviscositymeasurement(1hour)(Optional)E2Demonstratingexperimentaboutflowpatternandstreamline(1hour)(Required)E3Measurementoflocallosscoefficientforcircularpipeflow(1hour)(Required)E4DemonstratingexperimentaboutSiphonprinciple(1hour)(Required)E5Demonstratingexperimentaboutflowaroundairfoilandcylinder(1hour)(Required)E6Demonstratingexperimentaboutvortexformation(1hour)(Required)E7Self-designingexperiments(1hour)(Optional)ExperimentalProjects(2)AfteTextbook
FrankM.White.FluidMechanics.McGrawHillHigherEducation,7thRevisededition,2010.2TextbookFrankM.White.FluidReferencesE.JohnFinnemore,JosephB.Franzini.FluidMechanicswithEngineeringApplications.McGraw-HillHigherEducation,10thRevisededition,2001.10ReferencesE.JohnFinnemore,JReferencesJinXiaohong,LiYuanhui.FluidMechanics(bilingualTeaching).Beijing:ChinaPowerPress,2011.9ReferencesJinXiaohong,LiYu5%attendance10%homework10%requiredexperiments5%optionalexperiments70%finalexamGrades5%attendanceGradesChapter1Introduction
Whenyouthinkaboutit,almosteverythingonthisplaneteitherisafluid
ormoveswithinornearafluid.
——FrankM.WhitePreliminaryRemarksFluidcanbefoundalmosteverywhereontheearth!Chapter1IntroductionOverviewofFluidMechanics
Theconceptof
fluid
Theprimaryphysicalpropertyoffluid
Studyobjectsof
FluidMechanics
Thenatureofthesubjectof
FluidMechanicsTasksof
FluidMechanics
Studyapproachesof
FluidMechanics
Importance(position)ofthecourse
Historyof
FluidMechanicsThefollowingaspectswillbediscussed:OverviewofFluidMechanicsTTheconceptofafluid
Asolidcanresistashearstressbyastaticdeformation.Afluidcannotresistashearstressbyastaticdeformation.Anyshearstressappliedtoafluid,nomatterhowsmall,willresultinmotionofthatfluid.Thefluidmovesanddeformscontinuouslyaslongastheshearisapplied.IntroductionTheconceptofafluidAsolidIsithasafixedvolume？Canitformafreesurface？Isiteasytobecompressed？FluidgasnonoyesliquidyesyesnoFluidity？
FluidSolidyesnoTheprimaryphysicalpropertyoffluidIsithasaCanitformafreeFluidmechanicsisanimportantbranchofmodernmechanics，It’sasciencethatstudiesfluid’sbalance(Fluidstatics),mechanicalmovementlaws(FluidKinematics)
andtheinteractionbetweenfluidandtheboundaries
(FluidDynamics),whichmaybeeithersolidsurfacesorinterfaceswithotherfluids.Itmainlyascertainsthedistributionofspeedandpressure,energylossandtheinteractionforceandthemomentbetweenfluidandboundary.
IntroductionStudyObjectsofFluidMechanics(1)FluidmechanicsisanimportaWaterandairareresearchedmostlyinfluidmechanics.Besidesthese,fluidalsoincludesvaporasworkmediuminturbine,lubeoil,waterwhichmixingwithmudandsand,blood,meltingmetalandthegaswithcomplicatedcomponentscomingfromburning,plasmasunderhightemperaturecondition,etc.StudyObjectsofFluidMechanics(2)Stationaryboundaries：riverbed,pipewall,building,etc；
Movingboundaries：aircraft,ship,runner,etc.TypesofboundaryWaterandairareresearchedMechanicsResearchobject
Thecarrierofmechanicalproblems
FluidMechanicsFluidLiquidWaterMechanicsThreeconservationlawsHydraulicsIntroductionLiquidisthemainresearchobject;Mainlyfocusonengineeringapplications;SuitableforstudentsinHydraulicEng.,
CivilEng.ThenatureofthesubjectofFluidMechanicsConservationofmass,momentumandenergyMechanicsResearchobjectTheFluidmechanicsisnotonlyanage-oldsubject,butalsoanewfashionsubjectwhichcanberesearchedonquitewidelyfields.Therearemanyquestionsaboutfluidmechanicsinthesedepartments,suchasinaviation,spaceflight,navigation,
astronomicalweather,physicalgeography,waterconservancyandhydropower,heatenergyrefrigeration,buildingconstructionandenvironmentalprotection,petroleumandchemicalengineering,transportingairandliquid,
combustionandexplosion,metallurgyandmining,biologyandsea,warindustryandnuclearenergy,machinebuilding,mechanicalengineering,
etc.TasksofFluidMechanicsIntroductionEngineeringfieldsanddisciplinesrelativetoFluidMechanicsFluidmechanicsisnotonlyVortexcreatedbythepassageofanaircraftwing,revealedbycolouredsmokeTurbulenceinthetipvortexfromanairplanewingEngineeringfieldsrelativetoFluidMechanicsVortexcreatedbythepassageaviationspaceflightnavigationRocketlaunchingfountainaviationspaceflightnavigationRAxial-flowfan¢rifugalpumpfanpumpimpellerAxial-flowfan¢rifugalpMulti-stageaxial-flowcompressormodelCompressor
Multi-stageaxial-flowcompresWaterturbineandelectricalgeneratorcut-awayview
Kaplanturbine
runnerandbladehydropowerWaterturbineandelectricalgModelplanetestedinawindtunnel
CarwindtunneltestAirflowpastanaerofoilCoolingfanModelplanetestedinawindtTheThreeGorgesDamphotographedbysatelliteoftheUnitedStatesHydraulicEngineeringwaterconservancyprojectDujiangyancomprehensiveengngTheThreeGorgesDamphotograpTyphoonTornado:Arotatingcolumnofairusuallyaccompaniedbyafunnel-shapeddownwardextensionofacumulonimbuscloudandhavingavortexseveralhundredyardsindiameterwhirlingdestructivelyatspeedsofupto500miles(800km)perhour.TyphoonTyphoon:AtropicalcycloneoccurringinthewesternPacificorIndianoceans.TornadoTyphoonTornado:Arotatingcovortexformedintherearofahigh-speedtrainboilingmudnearaVolcaniccraterTornadovortexformedintherearofaHurricane“Elena”intheGulfofMexico
Weathernephogram(云圖):vorticesinatmosphereContourofthehurricane"Sandy"seenfromspaceHurricaneHurricane“Elena”intheGulfWeathernephogram:vorticesinatmosphereAirvortexstreetoverthenorthernseaofJapanWeatherCFD—supercomputerWeathernephogram:AirvortexsDewanddropDewanddropSurfacetensionsoapbubblewater-dropSurfacetensionsoapbubblewatvolleyballfootballtennisswimmingrowingdiscusthrowgolfballracecarracingjavelintabletennisbadmintonMostsportsarerelatedtoFluidMechanicsvolleyballfootballtennisswimmiGolfballwithsmooth&roughsurface,Whichisbetter？QuestionGolfballwithsmooth&rough
GolforiginatedinScotlandinthe15thCentury.Itwasthoughtintheearlydaysthatthegolfballwithsmoothsurfacehadsmallflightresistance,sotheballwasmadeinleather.Itwasfoundafterwardsthatanoldballwithmanyscratchesonitssurfacecouldflyfartherthananewballwithsmoothsurface.ThismysterywasnottobesolveduntiltheboundarylayertheorywasestablishedbyL.Prandtlinthe20thCentury.
Thepresent-daygolfhasalotofpitsonit’ssurface,andtheflightdistanceofaroughsurfaceballis5timesfartherthanasmoothballwhentheyhavethesamesizeandweight.GolforiginatedinScotlandiEarlygolfballPresent-daygolfwakezonewakezoneEarlygolfballPresent-daygoDisciplinesRelativetoFluidMechanicsAcoustics(aerodynamicnoise)AerodynamicsAeroelasticityAeronautics
ComputationalFluidDynamics—CFDFlowfieldmeasurementHemodynamicsHydraulics—thephysicalscienceandtechnologyofthestaticanddynamicbehavioroffluids)HydrologyHydrostatics
＝FluidStaticsHydrodynamics
＝FluidDynamicsElectrohydrodynamicsMagnetohydrodynamicsRheologyQuantumhydrodynamicsDisciplinesRelativetoFluidFluidmechanicshasthreestudyapproaches.
Thefirstoneisatheoreticalapproach.Whichanalyzestheprimaryandlesserfactorofthequestion,abstractstheoreticalmodel(suchascontinuousmedium,idealfluid,incompressiblefluid,etc),usesmathematicaltoolstofindthegeneralansweraboutthefluidmovement.StudyApproachesofFluidMechanics(1)Introductionbasichypotheses
mathematicalmodelanalyticalsolutiongeneralanswermathematicaltools:
calculus,fieldtheoryexactsolutiontheoreticalanalysisFluidmechanicshasthreestudStudyApproachesofFluidMechanics(2)Thesecondisanexperimentalapproach.Whichsummarizesthefluidquestionbyexperimentasasimilarexperimentmodel,observesthephenomenaanddeterminesthedataandconjecturestheexperimentresultsaccordingtoacertainmethod.experimentalstudymodelexperimentsobservation&measurementconverttoprototypesimilaritytheoryexperimentaldatasimilarmodelStudyApproachesofFluidMechMarvellousphenomenaofflowFluidflowpastacylinder
—Cat'seyephenomenon——RenumberFluidflowpastasphericalbody——boundarylayerseparationwakezoneincomingflowMarvellousphenomenaofflowFlStudyApproachesofFluidMechanics(3)Thethirdisacalculatingapproach.Whichdrawsouttheexperimentschemeaccordingtothetheoryanalysisandexperimentobservation,inputsthedatabyprogramandcalculatesthenumericalsolutionwithcomputer.numericalcalculationmathematicalmodelnumericalmodelnumericalsolutiondiscretizedequationsgoverningequationsapproximatesolutionBoundaryconditions&initialconditionscomputerStudyApproachesofFluidMechKarmanvortexstreetduetoairflowspastacylinderCFDVortexsheddingbehindacircularcylinder.Inthisanimation,theflowonthetwosidesofthecylinderareshownindifferentcolors,whichshowsthatthevorticesareformedfromthetwosidesalternately.KarmanvortexstreetduetoaiSimulationofKarmanvortexCFDFluidflowspasta2DbodySimulationofKarmanvortexCFDVelocity&pressuredistributionsintheflowpassageofacentrifugalfanCentrifugalfanCFDVelocity&pressuredistributiNumericalsimulationwithCFDPumpCFDmodelpressurevelocityNumericalsimulationwithCFDPAir-solidcouplingfluidstructureinteraction,FSICFDDisplacementTotaldeformationStressEquivalentstressAir-solidcouplingfluidstruct
Thethreeapproacheshaveadvantagesanddisadvantages.Onlysupplementeachothercantheyadvancethedevelopmentoffluidmechanics.Modernfluidmechanicshasbandthethreeapproachestogetherorganicallyandpromotethedevelopmentoffluidmechanicsquickly.StudyApproachesofFluidMechanics(4)ThethreeapproacheshaveAdvantages
Disadvantages
TheoreticalanalysisExact(analytical)solutioncanbeobtained.Flowmechanismcanbe
revealed.Limitedtobasicassumptions.Analyticalsolutionscanbeobtainedonlyinafewcases.Experimentalstudy
ModelexperimentFlowparameterscanbemeasureddirectly.Empiricalrelationscanbefound.Highcost.Highmeasurementtechniqueisrequired.Uneasytochangetheconditions.Affectedbyscaleeffects.NumericalcalculationCanexpandtherangeoftheoreticalsolution.Lowcost.Easytochangeconditions.It’snotaffectedbyscaleeffects.Limitedtotheoreticalmodelandnumericalmodel.Computationalerrorisexist.AdvantagesDisadvantagesHighEXITImportance(position)ofthecourseMathematics,Mechanics
FundamentalcoursesFluidMechanics
Basicspecialtycourse
SubjectofMechanicalEngng
RelativeprofessionalcoursesIntroductionbridgeEXITImportance(position)oftThefirstcontributiontothecomeintobeingofthesubjectoffluidmechanicswasdidbyArchimedesofancientGreece.Hefoundedtheliquidbalancetheoryincludethephysicalprincipleofbuoyancyandbuoyancystability.Heestablishedthebasisofthehydrostatics.Theformationanddevelopmentoffluidmechanicsisfellintofivephases.HistoryofFluidMechanics(1)Introduction
Questionsofprojectile’smovementinfluidwasputforward.Thefirstperiod：beforethe20thcenturyBC.
ThefirstcontributiontotheIntroduction
Archimedes——fixquantitytheoryofbuoyancy;
Maliaut——thebalancetomeasuretheresistanceofmovingobject;
Pascal——thebasicrelationformulaofhydrostatics.HistoryofFluidMechanics(2)Thesecondperiod：fromthe20thB.Ctolatestageofthe17thcenturyA.D.IntroductionArchimedes——fixIntroduction
Newton——Newton’slawofviscosity;
Bernoulli——Bernoulli’slawofsteadyincompressiblefluid;Euler——describingamethodoffluidmotionandequationsofinviscidfluidmotion;
Lagrange——streamfunction;
Reynolds——ReynoldsexperimentandReynoldsequation;
Navier-Stokes——differentialequationsofviscousfluidmotion.Thethirdperiod
：fromlatestageofthe17thcenturyA.Dtotheearlydaysofthe
20thcenturyA.D.HistoryofFluidMechanics(3)IntroductionNewton——Newton’Thefourthperiod：fromearlydaysofthe20thcenturyA.Dtothemiddleperiod.Thefluidmechanicshasbeguntoresearchthequestionsinweather,ocean,petroleum,chemicalengineering,energysources,environmentalprotectionandconstructionfieldsetc,andinfiltratedwithrelativecontiguoussubjectseachotherandformedmanynewbranches.IntroductionPrandtl——boundarylayertheory.Thefifthperiod：aftermiddleperiodofthe20thcenturyA.D.HistoryofFluidMechanics(4)Thefourthperiod：fromearlyTheendThankyou!TheendFluidMechanics
FluidMechanicsPrefaceContentsTeachingContents——
InClassroomExperimentalProjects——
InTeachingLabTotalhours:54Classroomteachinghours:48Practicehours:6PrefaceContentsTeachingConteTeachingContents
(1)PartA
(Totalhours:36)A1Introduction(4hours)A2Fluidstatics(6hours)A3Fluidkinematics(6hours)A4Fluiddynamics(6hours)A5Laminarflow,turbulentflowandenergyloss(8hours)A6Pipeflowandcalculationofpipeline(4hours)A7Similaritytheoryanddimensionalanalysis(2hours)FundamentalTeachingContents(1)PartA(TPartB
(Totalhours:8)B1Streamfunctionsandpotentialfunctions,frictionlessirrotationalflow(4hours)B2Boundarylayertheoryandflowpastbody(4hours)PartC
(Totalhours:4)C1ResaerchprogressinFluidMechancis(1hour)C2Modernflowmeasurementtechnologies(1hour)C3IntroductiontonumericalsimulationofturbulenceflowandcommercialsoftwaresofCFD(2hours)TeachingContents
(2)ExtendedcontentsFundamentalPartB(Totalhours:8)B1StrPartAandPartBarethefoundationofFluidMechanics,PartCistheextendedcontentsandrefertosomepracticalproblems.Thiscoursealsopaysmuchattentiontotheprevalenceofmodernfluidmechanics,forexample,theintroductiontothetheoryofturbulenceboundarylayerandthesketchofcomputationalfluiddynamics(CFD)willhelpyourfurtherapplicationsafteryourgraduation.TeachingContents
(3)PartAandPartBarethefounExperimentalProjects(1)In-class(Required)(Totalhours:6)E1Hydrostatics(1hour)E2VelocitymeasurementwithPitottube(1hour)E3FlowmeasurementwithVenturitube(1hour)E4VerificationofBernoulliequation(1hour)E5Reynoldsexperiment(1hour)E6Measurementoffrictionlosscoefficientforcircularpipeflow(1hour)ExperimentalProjects(1)In-clExperimentalProjects(2)After-class(Totalhours:6-8)E1Liquidviscositymeasurement(1hour)(Optional)E2Demonstratingexperimentaboutflowpatternandstreamline(1hour)(Required)E3Measurementoflocallosscoefficientforcircularpipeflow(1hour)(Required)E4DemonstratingexperimentaboutSiphonprinciple(1hour)(Required)E5Demonstratingexperimentaboutflowaroundairfoilandcylinder(1hour)(Required)E6Demonstratingexperimentaboutvortexformation(1hour)(Required)E7Self-designingexperiments(1hour)(Optional)ExperimentalProjects(2)AfteTextbook
FrankM.White.FluidMechanics.McGrawHillHigherEducation,7thRevisededition,2010.2TextbookFrankM.White.FluidReferencesE.JohnFinnemore,JosephB.Franzini.FluidMechanicswithEngineeringApplications.McGraw-HillHigherEducation,10thRevisededition,2001.10ReferencesE.JohnFinnemore,JReferencesJinXiaohong,LiYuanhui.FluidMechanics(bilingualTeaching).Beijing:ChinaPowerPress,2011.9ReferencesJinXiaohong,LiYu5%attendance10%homework10%requiredexperiments5%optionalexperiments70%finalexamGrades5%attendanceGradesChapter1Introduction
Whenyouthinkaboutit,almosteverythingonthisplaneteitherisafluid
ormoveswithinornearafluid.
——FrankM.WhitePreliminaryRemarksFluidcanbefoundalmosteverywhereontheearth!Chapter1IntroductionOverviewofFluidMechanics
Theconceptof
fluid
Theprimaryphysicalpropertyoffluid
Studyobjectsof
FluidMechanics
Thenatureofthesubjectof
FluidMechanicsTasksof
FluidMechanics
Studyapproachesof
FluidMechanics
Importance(position)ofthecourse
Historyof
FluidMechanicsThefollowingaspectswillbediscussed:OverviewofFluidMechanicsTTheconceptofafluid
Asolidcanresistashearstressbyastaticdeformation.Afluidcannotresistashearstressbyastaticdeformation.Anyshearstressappliedtoafluid,nomatterhowsmall,willresultinmotionofthatfluid.Thefluidmovesanddeformscontinuouslyaslongastheshearisapplied.IntroductionTheconceptofafluidAsolidIsithasafixedvolume？Canitformafreesurface？Isiteasytobecompressed？FluidgasnonoyesliquidyesyesnoFluidity？
FluidSolidyesnoTheprimaryphysicalpropertyoffluidIsithasaCanitformafreeFluidmechanicsisanimportantbranchofmodernmechanics，It’sasciencethatstudiesfluid’sbalance(Fluidstatics),mechanicalmovementlaws(FluidKinematics)
andtheinteractionbetweenfluidandtheboundaries
(FluidDynamics),whichmaybeeithersolidsurfacesorinterfaceswithotherfluids.Itmainlyascertainsthedistributionofspeedandpressure,energylossandtheinteractionforceandthemomentbetweenfluidandboundary.
IntroductionStudyObjectsofFluidMechanics(1)FluidmechanicsisanimportaWaterandairareresearchedmostlyinfluidmechanics.Besidesthese,fluidalsoincludesvaporasworkmediuminturbine,lubeoil,waterwhichmixingwithmudandsand,blood,meltingmetalandthegaswithcomplicatedcomponentscomingfromburning,plasmasunderhightemperaturecondition,etc.StudyObjectsofFluidMechanics(2)Stationaryboundaries：riverbed,pipewall,building,etc；
Movingboundaries：aircraft,ship,runner,etc.TypesofboundaryWaterandairareresearchedMechanicsResearchobject
Thecarrierofmechanicalproblems
FluidMechanicsFluidLiquidWaterMechanicsThreeconservationlawsHydraulicsIntroductionLiquidisthemainresearchobject;Mainlyfocusonengineeringapplications;SuitableforstudentsinHydraulicEng.,
CivilEng.ThenatureofthesubjectofFluidMechanicsConservationofmass,momentumandenergyMechanicsResearchobjectTheFluidmechanicsisnotonlyanage-oldsubject,butalsoanewfashionsubjectwhichcanberesearchedonquitewidelyfields.Therearemanyquestionsaboutfluidmechanicsinthesedepartments,suchasinaviation,spaceflight,navigation,
astronomicalweather,physicalgeography,waterconservancyandhydropower,heatenergyrefrigeration,buildingconstructionandenvironmentalprotection,petroleumandchemicalengineering,transportingairandliquid,
combustionandexplosion,metallurgyandmining,biologyandsea,warindustryandnuclearenergy,machinebuilding,mechanicalengineering,
etc.TasksofFluidMechanicsIntroductionEngineeringfieldsanddisciplinesrelativetoFluidMechanicsFluidmechanicsisnotonlyVortexcreatedbythepassageofanaircraftwing,revealedbycolouredsmokeTurbulenceinthetipvortexfromanairplanewingEngineeringfieldsrelativetoFluidMechanicsVortexcreatedbythepassageaviationspaceflightnavigationRocketlaunchingfountainaviationspaceflightnavigationRAxial-flowfan¢rifugalpumpfanpumpimpellerAxial-flowfan¢rifugalpMulti-stageaxial-flowcompressormodelCompressor
Multi-stageaxial-flowcompresWaterturbineandelectricalgeneratorcut-awayview
Kaplanturbine
runnerandbladehydropowerWaterturbineandelectricalgModelplanetestedinawindtunnel
CarwindtunneltestAirflowpastanaerofoilCoolingfanModelplanetestedinawindtTheThreeGorgesDamphotographedbysatelliteoftheUnitedStatesHydraulicEngineeringwaterconservancyprojectDujiangyancomprehensiveengngTheThreeGorgesDamphotograpTyphoonTornado:Arotatingcolumnofairusuallyaccompaniedbyafunnel-shapeddownwardextensionofacumulonimbuscloudandhavingavortexseveralhundredyardsindiameterwhirlingdestructivelyatspeedsofupto500miles(800km)perhour.TyphoonTyphoon:AtropicalcycloneoccurringinthewesternPacificorIndianoceans.TornadoTyphoonTornado:Arotatingcovortexformedintherearofahigh-speedtrainboilingmudnearaVolcaniccraterTornadovortexformedintherearofaHurricane“Elena”intheGulfofMexico
Weathernephogram(云圖):vorticesinatmosphereContourofthehurricane"Sandy"seenfromspaceHurricaneHurricane“Elena”intheGulfWeathernephogram:vorticesinatmosphereAirvortexstreetoverthenorthernseaofJapanWeatherCFD—supercomputerWeathernephogram:AirvortexsDewanddropDewanddropSurfacetensionsoapbubblewater-dropSurfacetensionsoapbubblewatvolleyballfootballtennisswimmingrowingdiscusthrowgolfballracecarracingjavelintabletennisbadmintonMostsportsarerelatedtoFluidMechanicsvolleyballfootballtennisswimmiGolfballwithsmooth&roughsurface,Whichisbetter？QuestionGolfballwithsmooth&rough
GolforiginatedinScotlandinthe15thCentury.Itwasthoughtintheearlydaysthatthegolfballwithsmoothsurfacehadsmallflightresistance,sotheballwasmadeinleather.Itwasfoundafterwardsthatanoldballwithmanyscratchesonitssurfacecouldflyfartherthananewballwithsmoothsurface.ThismysterywasnottobesolveduntiltheboundarylayertheorywasestablishedbyL.Prandtlinthe20thCentury.
Thepresent-daygolfhasalotofpitsonit’ssurface,andtheflightdistanceofaroughsurfaceballis5timesfartherthanasmoothballwhentheyhavethesamesizeandweight.GolforiginatedinScotlandiEarlygolfballPresent-daygolfwakezonewakezoneEarlygolfballPresent-daygoDisciplinesRelativetoFluidMechanicsAcoustics(aerodynamicnoise)AerodynamicsAeroelasticityAeronautics
ComputationalFluidDynamics—CFDFlowfieldmeasurementHemodynamicsHydraulics—thephysicalscienceandtechnologyofthestaticanddynamicbehavioroffluids)HydrologyHydrostatics
＝FluidStaticsHydrodynamics
＝FluidDynamicsElectrohydrodynamicsMagnetohydrodynamicsRheologyQuantumhydrodynamicsDisciplinesRelativetoFluidFluidmechanicshasthreestudyapproaches.
Thefirstoneisatheoreticalapproach.Whichanalyzestheprimaryandlesserfactorofthequestion,abstractstheoreticalmodel(suchascontinuousmedium,idealfluid,incompressiblefluid,etc),usesmathematicaltoolstofindthegeneralansweraboutthefluidmovement.StudyApproachesofFluidMechanics(1)Introductionbasichypotheses
mathematicalmodelanal
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明，都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等，如果需要附件，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙，網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽，若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間，僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理，對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯，并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系，我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 小酒吧合同模板
- 2024年非調(diào)質(zhì)鋼項(xiàng)目立項(xiàng)申請(qǐng)報(bào)告模板
- 混凝土塊拆除合同（2篇）
- 直銷代理人合同模板
- 房地產(chǎn)營(yíng)銷廣告設(shè)計(jì)合同手冊(cè)
- 建筑行業(yè)3D打印建筑模型設(shè)計(jì)合同
- 員工帶薪留學(xué)合同模板
- 制作婚紗攝影合同模板
- 工業(yè)自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)研發(fā)與實(shí)施合同
- 2024年鋁硅靶、鋁硅銅靶材項(xiàng)目提案報(bào)告模稿
- 光伏組件回收再利用建設(shè)項(xiàng)目可行性研究報(bào)告寫作模板-拿地申報(bào)
- 三年級(jí)上冊(cè)道德與法治第5課《走近我們的老師》教案教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)（第一課時(shí)）
- 2024年新華師大版七年級(jí)上冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)課件 1.8 有理數(shù)的加減混合運(yùn)算
- 2024深圳市中考英語真題(打印版)
- 2024年河北省農(nóng)村信用社招聘歷年（高頻重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)提升訓(xùn)練）共500題附帶答案詳解
- Unit 7 Happy Birthday!教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)2024年秋人教版新教材七年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)
- 智能倉儲(chǔ)物流系統(tǒng)開發(fā)合同
- 十年（2015-2024）高考真題英語分項(xiàng)匯編（全國）專題 15 閱讀理解議論文（學(xué)生卷）
- 第二十八屆“YMO”青少年數(shù)學(xué)思維研學(xué)交流活動(dòng)復(fù)選試卷（五年級(jí)）
- 個(gè)人授權(quán)書法院案件
- 2024年美國戶外露營(yíng)裝備市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)狀及上下游分析報(bào)告
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論