Unit1Grammar and Integrated Skills 課文及翻譯-高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版選修第一冊(cè)

Unit1OurlivingplanetGrammarandcompositionp6Inversion倒裝AExploringtherulesBelowisanarticlefromasciencewebsiteaboutthechanginglengthsofdaysandyears.Findthesentencesthatuseinversionandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.下面是一篇來(lái)自科學(xué)網(wǎng)站的文章，探討了日期和年份的變化規(guī)律。找出使用倒裝句的句子，填入下面的方框，第一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成了。Seldomdowedoubtthatadayis24hourslongandthatayearconsistsof365days(well,alittlemoreactually,whichiswhywehaveleapyears).ThesetimingsarebasedontheEarth'splanetarymotions.IttakestheEarthadaytospinonceonitsaxisandayeartomakeonecompletecircularmovementaroundtheSun.However,woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthatscientistshavefoundevidencethatthishasnotalwaysbeenthecase?Undertheoceansliesthehiddenevidenceforthechanginglengthsofdaysandyears.Ancientcorals,justliketreetrunks,showdistinctgrowthrings,andbycountingtheserings,itispossibleforscientiststocalculatethenumberofdaysinayear,manymillionsofyearsago.Hereisanexample.Bystudyingcoralsthatwereover400millionsyearsold,scientistsestimatethatanearthyearwas420dayslongbackthen.Similarly,tidalrecordslaiddowninancientrivermouthsalsorevealdifferentlengthsofdaysandyearsinthepast.Examiningthedaily,monthlyandseasonalcyclesofthesetidalrecordsletsscientistsknowthenumberofdaysinpreviousyears.Theyindicate,forinstance,that620millionyearsagothedaywaspossibly3hoursshorterthanitistoday.Basedonallthisevidence,notonlydoscientistsconcludethatthelengthsofdaysandyearshavechangedinpasteras,theyalsopredictthatdayswillgetlongerinthefuture.So,oneday,theexpression24/7maywellhavetobereplacedwiththerevisedexpression,25/7!我們很少懷疑一天有24小時(shí)長(zhǎng)，一年有365天(嗯，實(shí)際上多一點(diǎn)，這就是為什么我們有閏年)。這些時(shí)間是基于地球的行星運(yùn)動(dòng)。地球繞地軸轉(zhuǎn)一圈需要一天，繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)一圈需要一年。然而，當(dāng)你得知科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)證據(jù)表明事實(shí)并非總是如此時(shí)，你會(huì)感到驚訝嗎?在海洋下面隱藏著日期和年份變化的證據(jù)。古代的珊瑚，就像樹(shù)干一樣，呈現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的生長(zhǎng)年輪，通過(guò)計(jì)算這些年輪，科學(xué)家可以計(jì)算出一年中，幾百萬(wàn)年前的天數(shù)。這里有一個(gè)例子。通過(guò)研究超過(guò)4億年的珊瑚，科學(xué)家估計(jì)地球年的時(shí)間是420天。同樣，古代河口的潮汐記錄也揭示了過(guò)去不同的日期和年份的長(zhǎng)度。通過(guò)檢查這些潮汐記錄的每日、每月和季節(jié)周期，科學(xué)家們可以知道前幾年的天數(shù)。例如，他們指出，6.2億年前的一天可能比今天短3個(gè)小時(shí)。根據(jù)所有這些證據(jù)，科學(xué)家們不僅得出結(jié)論，過(guò)去時(shí)代的天和年的長(zhǎng)度已經(jīng)改變，他們還預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的天將會(huì)變長(zhǎng)。所以，有一天，這個(gè)表達(dá)式24/7很可能會(huì)被修改過(guò)的表達(dá)式25/7所取代！Integratedskillsp8TalkingaboutclimateADanielisdoingaschoolscienceprojectfortheupcomingWorldMeteorologicalDay.Readtheleafletaboutclimateandanswerthefollowingquestions.Daniel正在為即將到來(lái)的世界氣象日，做一個(gè)學(xué)?？茖W(xué)項(xiàng)目。閱讀有關(guān)氣候的小冊(cè)子，并回答以下問(wèn)題。Inrecentyears,muchoftheworld'spopulationhasbeendrawnintoconversationsanddebatesabouttheworld'sclimateandtheworryingprospectofclimatechange.Let'slookatsomebasicinformationaboutclimate.近年來(lái)，世界上許多人都參與到有關(guān)世界氣候和令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的氣候變化前景的對(duì)話(huà)和辯論中。讓我們來(lái)看一些關(guān)于氣候的基本信息。Q:Whatisthedifferencebetweenweatherandclimate?A:Weatheristhestateoftheatmosphereataparticularplaceandtimewithregardtoheat,wind,rain,etc.Climate,however,isthetypicallong-termpatternofweatherinaparticulararea.Forexample,aregionmightbedescribedasgenerallywarmanddry,orcoldandwet.Toputitsimply,climateiswhatyoucanexpectbutweatheriswhatyouactuallyget!Q:Whatfactorsaffectclimate?A:Thereareanumberoffactorsthataffecttheclimateofaregionbutthemostsignificantare:distancenorthorsouthoftheequator,heightabovesealevel,winds,andoceancurrents.Inrecentyears,ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthathumanactivityisnowimpactingontheworld'sclimate.Q:Howhasclimatechanged?A:Climatechangeisquitenormalforourplanet.Weknowfromtheevidenceofseveniceagesoverthelast650,000yearsthattheEarthhasalwaysexperiencedclimatechange.However,measurementstakenbyscientistsinrecentyearsshowthatthetemperaturesoftheEarthhavebeenrisingattheirquickestrateever.In2020,thetemperatureintheSouthPolereachedarecordhighof18.3°C.Itisestimatedthatsealevelshaverisenbyover20centimetressince1880.Themaincausewouldseemtobehumanactivityincreasingtheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,whichhelptrapheatwithintheEarth'satmosphere.問(wèn):天氣和氣候的區(qū)別是什么?答:天氣是指某個(gè)特定地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間的大氣狀況，包括熱量、風(fēng)、雨等。例如，一個(gè)地區(qū)可能被描述為一般溫暖和干燥，或寒冷和潮濕。問(wèn):什么因素影響氣候?答:有許多因素影響一個(gè)地區(qū)的氣候，但最重要的是:赤道以北或以南的距離，海平面以上的高