高中英語短語分類識(shí)記系列：與“增減、借還”有關(guān)講義

與“增減、借還”有關(guān)editout刪去關(guān)鍵詞editv.編輯/outad.去除掉Thechiefeditorwantedtoeditoutthisincoherentpassage,buttheauthorrefusedtodoit.總編輯想要?jiǎng)h掉這個(gè)不恰當(dāng)?shù)亩温?，但是作者拒絕這么做。常見用語crossout刪去Theeditorcrossedoutredundancyofwordsinthereport.編輯刪除了報(bào)道中的冗余字?jǐn)?shù)。crossout劃掉關(guān)鍵詞crossv.交叉、劃十字/outad.去除掉Iamconsideringcrossingoutthisparagraph.我在想是不是要把這段刪掉。常見用語crossoff劃掉Iseetheinterviewercrossingoffmynameonthelist.我看到面試官把我的名字從名單中劃掉。eliminatefrom從·……除去關(guān)鍵詞eliminatev.刪除Hopefullythepolicywilleliminatetheracialdiscriminationfromsociety.希望這項(xiàng)政策能將種族歧視從社會(huì)中消除。常見用語eliminatetheneedof使不需要Theautomatedmanufacturingprocesseliminatestheneedofworkers.自動(dòng)化的生產(chǎn)過程已不再需要工人了。erasefrom擦掉、抹去關(guān)鍵詞erasev.擦拭掉、抹去Ican'terasesuchastrangeideafrommymind.我無法將這個(gè)奇怪的想法從腦子里抹去。常見用語wipeoff擦掉IhadtheweirdsongstuckinmyheadthatIcouldn'twipeoff.我腦袋里一直有那首奇怪的歌，揮之不去。scrubout擦掉關(guān)鍵詞scrubv.擦洗、擦亮/outad.去除Thepaintspiltontheshirtisnoteasilyscrubbedout.濺在衣服上的油漆不容易擦洗掉。常見用語ruboff擦掉Hansonspentalotoftimerubbingoffthepaintonthecloset.漢森花了很多時(shí)間擦掉衣柜上的油漆。wipeaway擦去、去除關(guān)鍵詞wipev.抹去、擦去/awayad.消失、用掉Theladywipedhertearsawaywithherhandkerchief.那位女士用手絹擦去眼淚。常見用語wipeout消滅Iguesspesticideistheonlywaytowipeoutthecockroachesinyourhouse.我想，用殺蟲劑是消滅你家蜂螂的唯一方法。getridof擺脫關(guān)鍵詞ridv.使免除、使清除/ofprep.之Aftergettingridofmyex-boyfriend'sstuff,Ifeelbetter.擺脫前男友的那些東西后，我感覺好多了。常見用語ridoneselfof擺脫It'sgoodforyoutoridyourselfofsmoking.你能戒煙是件好事。rootout根除關(guān)鍵詞rootv.使生根、根除/outad.完全去除Thegovernmentdeterminedtorootoutcorruption.政府決心根除腐敗現(xiàn)象。常見用語pullupone'sroots自久居之地移居他鄉(xiāng)MandypulledupherrootsandmovedtoSwedenwithherhusband.曼蒂離開家鄉(xiāng)，跟著丈夫一起搬到了瑞典。dispensewith免除關(guān)鍵詞dispensev.發(fā)配、免除Let'sdispensewiththoseformalitiesandcuttothechase.讓我們別理會(huì)那些繁文縟節(jié)，直接說重點(diǎn)。常見用語dowithout免除、無需Thefirststepoftheprojectcandowithoutmoney.計(jì)劃的第一步無需花錢。removefrom除掉、移開關(guān)鍵詞removev.去除掉Let'sremovetheweedsfromthegarden.我們把花園里的雜草除掉吧。常見用語moveaway移開Imovedawaythemirrortoleavespaceforanewtable.我把鏡子移開，留位置給新桌子。dustoff除去·····…的灰塵關(guān)鍵詞dustv.除去……灰塵/offprep.從……脫落、掉落Theownerseldomdustedoffthedirtonthedoormat.這家主人很少去除腳踏墊上的泥巴。Iforgottoputonthemaskbeforedustingoffthebooksontheshelf.我在除去書柜里的灰塵時(shí)，忘了帶上口罩?！氨灸┑怪?。”Youziggedbeforeyouzagged.A:ThisprojectisstillpendingforsomereasonIdon'tknow.B:Letmetellyou.It'sbecauseyouziggedbeforeyouzagged!A：這個(gè)計(jì)劃不知道為何，一直尚未解決。B：讓我告訴你：是因?yàn)槟阕鍪卤灸┑怪昧?！zig與zag是要進(jìn)行Z字型轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)的動(dòng)詞。轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)先zig再zag的話，表示順序錯(cuò)誤，路線無法正確進(jìn)行，當(dāng)然無法得到想要的結(jié)果。因此引申為順序錯(cuò)誤，本末倒置。runoutof用完關(guān)鍵詞runv.經(jīng)營、流/outad.用完IranoutofmoneywhenIarrivedhere,soIstayedhereandworkedinarestauranttomakealiving.我旅行到這里時(shí)錢用完了，所以我待在這里，在旅館里工作討生活。常見用語useup用完Iusedupallthecheesedoingthepasta.做這個(gè)意大利面讓我用完了所有的芝士。snatchaway奪取關(guān)鍵詞snatchv.奪走、奪得/awayad.消失ThelittlekidwantstosnatchtheTeddyBearawayfromhisfriend.這個(gè)小孩子想從他的朋友手中把泰迪熊奪過來。常見用語makeasnatchat伸手想奪取TheGypsyladytriedtomakeasnatchatmyiPhone.那位吉普賽女郎伸手想搶走我的蘋果手機(jī)。depriveof剝奪、使喪失關(guān)鍵詞deprivev.剝奪、使喪失Danielreckonedthatmarriagewoulddeprivepeopleofthejoyinlife.丹尼爾認(rèn)為婚姻會(huì)剝奪人生命中的快樂。常見用語takeaway拿走M(jìn)ypartnertookthetentawayandleft.我的伙伴把帳篷拿走后就離開了。easetension減緩緊張關(guān)鍵詞easev.撫平、和緩/tensionn.緊Exerciseisproventobeabletoeasetension.運(yùn)動(dòng)被證實(shí)有助減緩緊張。常見用語setsb'smindatease使安心、安慰某人Ihopethisnewscansetyourmindatease.我希望這則消息能讓你安心。easetheburden減輕負(fù)擔(dān)關(guān)鍵詞easev.減輕、和緩/burdenn.負(fù)擔(dān)、重?fù)?dān)Schoolsmusteasetheburdenofthestudents'tuitionfees.學(xué)校必須減輕學(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)。常見用語lightentheburden減輕負(fù)擔(dān)Thescholarshipisnodoubtlighteningtheburdenofthisstudent.獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金無疑減輕了這位學(xué)生的負(fù)擔(dān)。minimizetheriskof降低······的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)鍵詞minimizev.使最小值、減低/riskn.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Thismeasurewillhelpminimizetheriskofthestockmarket.該項(xiàng)措施有助于降低股票市場的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。常見用語runtheriskofdoingsth冒險(xiǎn)做某事Youshouldn'truntheriskofhikingontyphoondays.你不該在臺(tái)風(fēng)天冒險(xiǎn)爬山。o把……縮成關(guān)鍵詞condensev.濃縮、壓縮Itwasn'teasyforhimtocondensehisten-yearjourneyintojustafewwords.對(duì)他來說，要把他為期十年的旅行濃縮成幾個(gè)字，很不簡單。It’salwayshardtocondenseanessayintoafewsentences.要把一篇論文縮成短短幾個(gè)句子，一直都不簡單。beabbreviatedto縮寫成關(guān)鍵詞abbreviatedVp.p被縮寫MasterofCeremoniesisoftenabbreviatedtoMC.司儀常常縮寫為MC。ThenameMatthewisusuallyabbreviatedtoMatt.馬修這個(gè)名字，常常被縮寫成麥特。declinefrom...to...從··…···下降到……關(guān)鍵詞declinev.減低、下降Thepriceofcrudeoilhasdeclinedfrom150to70USdollars.原油價(jià)格已經(jīng)從150美元降至70美元。常見用語declineaninvitation謝絕邀請(qǐng)Thehighlyreputeddirectordeclinedtheinvitationoftheceremony.那位享有盛名的導(dǎo)演謝絕了聚會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)。drainoff排去、流掉關(guān)鍵詞drainv.排出、流出Thetimewasdrainingoff,butwedidn'tevenhavetheslightestcluetothecase.時(shí)間溜走，但我們對(duì)案子仍毫無頭緒。常見用語drainaway漸漸枯竭、流盡Ineedavacation,ormycreativityisdrainingaway.我需要放個(gè)假，否則我的創(chuàng)造力會(huì)漸漸枯竭。?flowaway流走、流逝關(guān)鍵詞flowv.流動(dòng)/awayad.離開Imustfindwaystoletthewaterflowaway.我必須找到辦法使水流走。常見用語flowout流出Themuddywaterflowedouttheleakingpipe.泥水從漏水的水管中流了出來。leakout泄漏關(guān)鍵詞leakv.滲漏、泄漏Thegasinthetankofourtruckwasleakingout.我們的卡車油箱里的汽油正在外漏。常見用語springaleak出現(xiàn)漏縫Aftertheuseoftenyears,theoldpipesprangaleak.老舊的水管在用了十年后，出現(xiàn)了裂縫。furnishwith提供關(guān)鍵詞furnishv.供應(yīng)、提供Thekitchenisfurnishedwithalltheequipment.這廚房已經(jīng)安裝好所有設(shè)備。常見用語offerto向……提供Weoffernoquibble30-dayrefundpolicytoeverycustomer.我們向顧客提供三十天無理由退款服務(wù)。accommodatesbwithsth為某人提供關(guān)鍵詞accommodatev.向······提供Thebankwillaccommodatehimwithaloan.銀行將提供給他一筆貸款。Thehigh-endhotelaccommodateseveryguestwithasilksleepwear.這家高檔的旅館提供給每位客人絲質(zhì)睡衣。providewith提供關(guān)鍵詞providev.提供、供應(yīng)Weprovidecustomerswithaone-yearwarrantyfortheheater.我們向顧客提供這個(gè)電暖器的一年保修期。常見用語providefor為···做準(zhǔn)備Thehostprovidedalivebandfortheparty.主人為派對(duì)準(zhǔn)備了現(xiàn)場演奏的樂團(tuán)。supplywith提供……給……關(guān)鍵詞supplyv.供應(yīng)、供給Dictionariescansupplyuswithinformationaboutwordsandphrases.字典可以提供我們有關(guān)單詞和短語的信息。常見用語providewith提供······給······Thepoliticalrefugeeasksthegovernmenttoprovidehimwithasafeplace.這位政治難民向政府要求一個(gè)安全的住所。makesomethingof從……中得利關(guān)鍵詞makev.制作、做/somethingn.一些事物Don'ttrytomakesomethingofthiscase!不要妄想從這件事中得到任何好處！常見用語somethingelse別的什么Iamallergictoshellfish.Doyouhavesomethingelse?我對(duì)蚌殼類過敏。你們有其他菜嗎？makecapitaloutofsth利用某事獲利關(guān)鍵詞capitaln.資本、本錢Jasonmakescapitaloutofdrugtrafficking,buthedoesn'tdodrugsatall.杰森用販毒謀利，但他自己根本不吸毒。常見用語speakincapitals強(qiáng)調(diào)Mydadspokeincapitalsthathegroundedusforlettingusknowthegravityofthemistakewemade.我爸強(qiáng)調(diào)，他不讓我們出門，是為了讓我們知道我們所犯下的錯(cuò)誤有多嚴(yán)重。beblessedwith有幸得到關(guān)鍵詞blesseda.受祝福的、快樂的Ellieisblessedwiththatperfectfigurethateverybodywantstohave.艾莉幸運(yùn)地?fù)碛幸粋€(gè)大家都想要的完美身材。常見用語blessone'sluck慶幸自己運(yùn)氣好IblessmyluckthatIdidn'ttakebustowork,orIwouldbelateatwork.我慶幸自己沒坐公交車，否則上班就要遲到了。attainsth得到、獲得關(guān)鍵詞attainv.達(dá)到、得到Heattainedtheoverseassalesmanagerpositioninthatmulti-nationalcompany.他獲得了那個(gè)跨國公司國外業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)理的職務(wù)。Itneveroccurredtomethattherookiecouldattainthatpositionsosoon.我從沒想過那個(gè)年輕人可以這么快就獲得那個(gè)職位。obtainadmissionto獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入關(guān)鍵詞obtainv.獲得、取得/admissionn.允許Heobtainedadmissiontotheexhibitionhall.他獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入展覽館大廳。常見用語onsb'sownadmission據(jù)某人自己承認(rèn)Thecase'scrackedonthesuspect'sownadmissiontothecrime.由于嫌犯自己承認(rèn)犯罪，這樁案子被偵破了。beambitiousfor渴望得到關(guān)鍵詞ambitiousa.有野心的Thesegamblersareambitiousformakingafortuneoutofgreyhoundracing.這些賭徒都渴望從賽狗中獲取財(cái)富。常見用語beveryfondof熱衷Everyonehereseemstobeveryfondofgossipingaround.在這里似乎大家都熱衷于亂說八卦。gaininformationabout獲得……的情報(bào)關(guān)鍵詞gainv.獲得/informationn.信息Howdidhegaininformationabouttheenemy?他是如何獲得敵人的情報(bào)的？常見用語askforinformation打聽消息Imakeaphonecalltoaskforinformationaboutthecourse.我打電話去問該課程的消息。havepossessio