最新版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專(zhuān)題練習(xí)(含答案)100

最新版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專(zhuān)題練習(xí)（含答案）100一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解.閱讀理解Washington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.DurationTourThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost,interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路線(xiàn))makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps. B.Cameras C.Meals. D.Safetylights.【答案】(1)A⑵A(3)D【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介紹了四個(gè)有特色的華盛頓特區(qū)自行車(chē)之旅。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的 "Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!可知，華盛頓的櫻花自行車(chē)之旅需要在櫻花消失之前預(yù)定好位置，故選Ao(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的 "KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks."可知，在首都自行車(chē)之旅中可以聽(tīng)到導(dǎo)游講的有關(guān)總統(tǒng)、國(guó)會(huì)、紀(jì)念碑等有趣的故事，故選 Do(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的 Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights可知，夜間自行車(chē)之旅配備反光背心和安全燈，故選 D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題，要注意仔細(xì)閱讀從文中尋找答案。2.閱讀理解DemandfortheChinesetechcompany'sdevices(設(shè)備)isredhoteventhoughthecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingsmallerHuawei'sChinasalesrocketedmorethan20%inthefinalquarterof2018,andexpertssaythat'spartlyduetotheUSgovernment'sglobalcampaignagainstthecompany.“TheatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism(愛(ài)國(guó)主義)inChineseconsumers,saidJusyHong,ananalystatresearchfirmIHSMarkit.HepointedoutthatsomeChinesecompaniesencouragedemployeestobuyHuaweiphoneslatelastyear.Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.Huawei'sboomingsalesshowhowmajorpartsofitsbusinesscontinuetoincreaseevenastheUnitedStatestriestopersuadeothercountriestoshutHuaweiproductsoutof5Gwirelessnetworksandpursues(追究)criminalchargesagainstit.ThecompanyexpectstoovertakeSamsungastheworld'sbiggestsmartphonemakerbynextyear.Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple(AAPL),accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'ssalesplungedalmost20%.Huawei'ssuccessinChina,theworld'slargestsmartphonemarket,ismorethanaboutgeopolitics(地緣政治).Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-end-phonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.Andbyofferingaselectionofcheaperphones,Huaweiisabletotargetabiggermarket.ItalsobenefitedfromthetroublesthisyearatZTE(ZTCOF),arivalChinesesmartphoneandtelecommunicationsequipmentmaker.ZTEwasbannedbytheUSgovernmentfrombuyingvitalAmericanpartsformonthslastyear.WhydidHuawei'sChinasalesincreasegreatlyaccordingtothearticle?Becausethecompany'sdevicesarealwayspopularworldwide.BecauseChineseconsumers'patriotismwasaroused.BecausethegovernmentencouragespeopletobuyHuaweidevices.Becausethecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingbigger.Whatcanweconcludefromthethirdparagraph?A.Huawei'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadaduetotheUS'srequest.AllChinesecompaniesshowedtheirsupporttoHuaweiwiththeirpurchase.JusyHongthoughttheUnitedStatesarrestedHuawei'schieffinancialofficer.JusyHongthoughtthearrestofHuawei'schieffinancialofficerisunfair.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordinthefifthparagraph?A.increasedgreatlyby. B.reducedgreatlyto.C.droppedgreatlyby. D.remainedsteady.WhyisHuawei'ssuccessinChinamorethanaboutgeopolitics?BecauseHuaweihasthelargestsmartphonemarketintheworld.BecauseHuawei'ssuccessisonlylimitedwithinChinamainland.BecauseHuaweihastheabilitytotargetabiggermarketintheworld.BecauseChineseconsumersarequitesatisfiedwithHuaweismartphones.【答案】(1)B⑵ACD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了華為公司在手機(jī)市場(chǎng)日益縮小的中國(guó)仍然火爆的原因。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的 "ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism(愛(ài)國(guó)主義)inChineseconsumers,"可知中國(guó)消費(fèi)者的愛(ài)國(guó)主義被喚起，華為在中國(guó)的銷(xiāo)售量大增。故選Bo(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的 "Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.可知華為的首席財(cái)務(wù)官因美國(guó)的要求在加拿大被捕。 故選Ao(3)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)上文可知華為手機(jī)銷(xiāo)量大增而蘋(píng)果手機(jī)銷(xiāo)量大跌，故推測(cè)此處"plunge匱為銷(xiāo)量下降。故選 C。(4)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的 "Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-endphonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.可知中國(guó)消費(fèi)者對(duì)華為的智能手機(jī)很滿(mǎn)意。故選 D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和詞義猜測(cè)兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。3.閱讀理解Asweknow,JulianBeeverisaninternationalwell-knownsidewalkchalkartistwhosedrawingshaveappearedonthestreetsofLondon,BuenosAires,Paris,NewYork,andcountlessothercitiesaroundtheworld.Beevercreatesdrawingsthatlookcompletelythree-dimensionalwhenseenfromthecorrectangle.Now,inhisbook,Pavementchalkartist:Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeever,theartistsharessomeofhismostfascinatingandhumorouspieces,Hereareafewexamplesyou'llfindinthebook.■PhiladelphiaeagleInPennsylvania,Beevercreated"Philadelphiaeagle"ahugedrawingwithaneaglelandingsuccessfullyonanAmericannationalflag.?MeetingMr.Frog"MeetingMr.Frog"wascreatedinSalamanca,Spain,andisaboutarealistic-lookingfrogsittingonaLilypad.SwimmingpoolinthehighstreetMypersonalfavoriteis"Swimmingpoolinthehighstreet"fromBrussels,whichisaboutawomanrelaxinginaswimmingpool——aswimmingpoolsunkintothemiddleofthestreet,thatis!Alongwithanintroductionabouthisbackground,Beeverincludesadescriptionofthetechniquesheusedandthechallengesheovercamewitheverydrawing.HesharesinformationabouthistimeathomeintheUK.andabroad;thereisafunstorytobackupeachpieceofart.Beever'sartworkistrulyjawdropping.You'resuretospendagesturningtheleavesbackandforth,surprisedathowonemancancreatewhatlookslikeathree-dimensionaldesignonaflatsurfacewithjustabitofchalk.Fromanimalstosuperheroestofamousbuildings,thepaintingsareawondertolayeyeson.Paymentchalkartist:Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeeverissurelyworthalook.Andanotherlook.This112hardcoverbookisavailablenowfromFireflyBooksatalistpriceof$29.95Whatdoweknowaboutthebookmentionedinthetext?A.Ithasapapercover. B.Ithasn'tbeenpublished.C.Itincludessomedrawingtechniques.D.It'sabiographyofJulianBeever.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"jawdropping"mostprobablymean?A.Romantic. B.Amazing. C.Frightening D.Depressing.Wecaninferthatthetextis.A.abookreview B.adescriptionofstreetartC.anadvertisementforanewbook D.anintroductiontoanartist【答案】(1)C⑵B3)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文， JulianBeever是一個(gè)國(guó)際知名的粉筆藝術(shù)家，他的三維繪畫(huà)作品已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在倫敦，布宜諾斯艾利斯，巴黎，紐約，和世界各地的無(wú)數(shù)城市的街頭。而在他的新書(shū)中這位藝術(shù)家也和讀者分享了一些他最迷人的和幽默的作品。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"inhisbook,Pavementchalkartist:Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeever,theartistsharessomeofhismostfascinatingandhumorouspieces'可知JulianBeever以繪畫(huà)而聞名，而他的書(shū)中也涵蓋了一些他的作品，選C。(2)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的 "You'resuretospendagesturningtheleavesbackandforth,surprisedathowonemancancreatewhatlookslikeathree-dimensionaldesignonaflatsurfacewithjustabitofchalk 可知讀者會(huì)驚訝于逼真的三維設(shè)計(jì)，會(huì)反復(fù)地翻看，由此判斷選Bo(3)考查推理判斷。文章開(kāi)頭介紹了著名的畫(huà)家，然后通篇介紹他的新書(shū)內(nèi)容，而且文章最后還介紹了書(shū)的價(jià)格以及去哪里可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)到此書(shū)，由此判斷該文是一篇介紹書(shū)的廣告，選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇廣告類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart一drivers.DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremotecontrol.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The"winner,"iftherewasany,reached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwheelscaughtonfire."Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,"saysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics."Evenants（螞蟻）candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It'sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines."Theroboticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,hadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,thatveryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherface,butshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere'sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmonthsold,thananymachinehumanshavedesigned.（1）Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause .theydidnothaveanyhumanguidancetheroadwasnotfamiliartothedriversthedistancewastoolongforthevehiclestheprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers（2）DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto .raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehiclespushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustrytrainmorepeopletodriveinthedesertimprovethevehiclesforfuturewarsFromthepassageweknow"roboticvehicles"areakindofmachinesthat .candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcancantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimitcanshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedowncanmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeingsInthelastparagraph,thewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo .foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficultiesforalittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetableforaroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolveD.foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface【答案】 （1）ADDC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了 DARPA組織一次汽車(chē)越野比賽，目的是想改進(jìn)未來(lái)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的機(jī)器人汽車(chē)，并介紹了這些機(jī)器汽車(chē)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的 “Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.車(chē)隊(duì)和觀眾都知道可能根本沒(méi)有”贏家，因?yàn)檫@些車(chē)缺少了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的部分司機(jī)。可知，這些汽車(chē)都沒(méi)有駕駛員。故選 A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的 "DARPAheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.美國(guó)國(guó)防部高級(jí)研究計(jì)劃局 （DARPA珥織了這次比賽，作為推動(dòng)未來(lái)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)機(jī)器人車(chē)輛發(fā)展的一部分?？梢酝茰y(cè)，DARPA組織這次比賽是軍事目的是想改進(jìn)未來(lái)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)用車(chē)，故選Do33）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的"ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.但這項(xiàng)被稱(chēng)為大挑戰(zhàn)”的項(xiàng)目恰恰證明了，在沒(méi)有人類(lèi)引導(dǎo)的情況下，讓一輛汽車(chē)快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困難。可以推斷出 “roboticvehicles是一種不要人操作的汽車(chē)，故選Do（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"shesmoreadvanced…thananymachine...可知機(jī)器遠(yuǎn)不如人的智力。故選 Co【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5.（2019?北京）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、CD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（ 二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3C,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging."shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."（1）Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerable"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive B.Beneficial C.Significant D.UnnoticeableWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchangesPhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimateD.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?ToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchangesToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceansD.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton【答案】(1)B⑵A(3)D(4)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。這一現(xiàn)象是因?yàn)橐环N叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因?yàn)楣饩€(xiàn)反射的作用，它們?cè)诤Ｑ蟊砻嫘纬闪宋孱伭膱D案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響，氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。(1)段落大意題。第一段"Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，至U本世紀(jì)末，”一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話(huà)，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。再根據(jù)第二段中的"Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalledphytoplankton.Becaustofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktonscreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration可知，'這種現(xiàn)象的核心是一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光線(xiàn)的作用下在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。海洋的顏色從綠色到藍(lán)色不等，這取決于海洋的類(lèi)型和浮游植物濃度。由此可推斷出這兩段主要敘述了海洋生物是海洋顏色變化的原因。故選Bo(2)詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的 "Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.可知，氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并會(huì)影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。由此可判斷“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swamningtrend 可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響。故選Ao(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的 "Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener可知Dutkiewicz的模型預(yù)測(cè)，目前只有少量浮游植物的藍(lán)色區(qū)域可能會(huì)變得更藍(lán)。但是在一些水域，比如北極，氣候變暖會(huì)使浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)條件更加成熟，而這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了”。由此可推斷，浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)條件更加成熟，浮游動(dòng)植物就更多了，這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了。故選Do（4）主旨大意題。第一段提出文章的主旨 "Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知到本世紀(jì)末。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話(huà)，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。再結(jié)合第三段 "Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarningtrendWarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趨勢(shì)的影響，變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征，并能影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)可知本文主要解釋氣候變化對(duì)海洋及其植物的影響。故選Q【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)，段落大意和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6.閱讀理解Byanalyzingthefossilizedteethofsomeofourmostancientancestors,ateamofscientistsledbytheuniversitiesofBristol（UK）andLyon（France）havediscoveredthatthefirsthumanssignificantlybreastfedtheirinfants（嬰兒）forlongerperiodsthantheircontemporaryrelatives.Theresults,publishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,provideafirstinsightintothepracticeofweaning（斷奶）thatremainotherwiseunseeninthefossilrecord.Theteamsampledminuteamountsfromnearly40fossilizedteethofourSouthAfricanfossilrelatives,earlyHomo,ParanthropusrobustusandAustralopithecusafricanus.Theymeasuredtheproportionsoftheirstablecalciumisotopes（同位素）inthetoothenamel（牙釉質(zhì)）,whichareafunctionofthemothermilkintakebyinfants.TheyshowthatearlyHomooffspring（后代）wasbreastfedinsignificantproportionsuntiltheageofaroundthreetofouryears,whichlikelyplayedaroleintheapparitionoftraitsthatarespecifictohumanlineage（血統(tǒng)），suchasthebraindevelopment.Incontrast,infantsofParanthropusrobustus,thatbecameextinctaroundonemillionyearsagoandwereamorerobustspeciesintermsofdentalanatomy,aswellasinfantsofAustralopithecusafricanus,stoppeddrinkingsizeableproportionsofmothermilkinthecourseofthefirstmonthsoflife.Thesedifferencesinnursingbehaviorslikelycomewithmajorchangesinthesocialstructuresofgroupsaswellasthetimebetweenthebirthofonechildandthebirthofthenext.Oneofthestudy'sleadauthors,DrTheoTacailsaid:"Thepracticeofweaning--thedurationofbreastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling--differsamongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreatapes:orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos.Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferenceslikelyplayedmajorrolesintheevolutionofthemembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeandstructureofsocialgroups,braindevelopment.However,gettinginsightsintothesebehavioralchangesfromfossilsthataremillionsofyearsoldisachallengeand,sofar,littleevidenceallowdiscussingnursingpracticesinthesefossilspecies.Thefindingsstresstheneedforfurtherexplorationofcalciumstablesisotopescompositionsinthefossilrecordinordertounderstandtheco-evolutionofweaningpracticeswithothertraitssuchasbrainsizeorsocialbehaviors."/first-human-ancestors-breastfed-for-longer-than-contemporary-relatives//releases/2019/08/190829115427.htm（1）Whatdoweknowthefindingsoftheteam?IttakestheleadinfocusingonPracticeweaning.Ithasdisclosedthelinkbetweentheweaningpracticeandothertraits.Itisevidentthatnursingpracticeisassociatedwithbehavioralchanges.It'scontemporaryhumansthatspendmoretimebreastfeedingtheirinfants.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"suchbehavioraldifferences"inParagraph7mostprobablyreferto?Differencesinthecalciumisotopeintheteeth.Differencesinthesocialstructureofgroups.Differencesinthepracticeofweaning.Differencesinthechangeofbehaviors.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Theevolutionofhumanlineage.Thepossibleinfluenceofnursingbehaviors.Theexplorationofcompositionsinthefossil.Thefunctionofmothermilkattheageofinfants.【答案】 （1）ACB【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，通過(guò)對(duì)祖先牙齒化石的研究，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)第一批用母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒的人類(lèi)比同時(shí)代的其他的近親在時(shí)間上要長(zhǎng)很多，而這種育幼差異可能在人類(lèi)進(jìn)化中扮演了重要角色 ，比如大腦發(fā)育和社會(huì)群體方面。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的 “Theresults,publishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,provideafirstinsightintothepracticeofweaning可知這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜 ”志上，為斷奶行為提供了第一手資料，而這在化石記錄中是看不到的。故選 A。（2）考查句義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第六段中的“Thepracticeofweaning--thedurationofbreastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling--differsamongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreatapes:orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos.可知現(xiàn)代人和古代人的斷奶行為不同，”而且人類(lèi)和猩猩以及猿猴在斷奶的時(shí)間上是不同的，即不同時(shí)代 /不同物種的斷奶行為是有TOC\o"1-5"\h\z差異的，而畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分的 such就是指上文提到的內(nèi)容。故選 C。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第七段中的 "Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferences???intheevolutionofthemembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeandstructureofsocialgroups,braindevelopment.可知，這種行為差異的發(fā)展可能在人類(lèi)血統(tǒng)成 ”員的進(jìn)化中扮演了重要角色，例如與社會(huì)群體的大小和結(jié)構(gòu)，大腦的發(fā)展有關(guān)。所以短文主要是關(guān)于育幼行為可能帶來(lái)的影響。故選 B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。閱讀理解EffectiveFriday,ScreenActorsGuild-AmericanFederationofTelevisionandRadioArtists（SAG-AFTRA）hasdeclaredastrikeagainst11videogamepublishersovergamesthatwentintoproductionafterFeb.17,2015.Thecompaniesincludesomeoftheheavyweightsoftheindustry,likeElectronicArtsProductions,InsomniacGames,ActivisionandDisney.Thestrikecomesinlightofanunsuccessful19monthsofnegotiationsaftertheexistinglaborcontractknownastheInteractiveMediaAgreementexpiredinlate2014.Overall,thestrikeisanefforttoprovidemoresecondarycompensationalongwithotherconcerns,suchastransparencyuponhiringtalentandon-set（制作中）safetyprecautions.Thevideogamingindustryhasballoonedinrecentyears.TheLosAngelesTimesreportsthattheindustryisinthemidstofanintenseincreaseincashflow.In2015,gamingproduced$23.5billionindomesticrevenue.ButSAG-AFTRAsaysvoiceactorsdon'treceiveresiduals（追加酬金 ）fortheirgamingwork.Instead,theyreceiveafixedrate,whichistypicallyabout$825forastandardfour-hourvocalsession.Sothevoiceactorsarepushingfortheideaofsecondarycompensation—aperformancebonuseverytimeagamesells2millioncopiesordownloads,orreaches2millionsubscribers,withacapat8million."It'saverysmallnumberofgamesthatwouldtriggerthissecondarycompensationissue,"saidvoiceactorCrispinFreeman,who'samemberoftheunion'snegotiatingcommittee."Thisisanimportantaspectofwhatitmeanstobeafreelance（從事自由職業(yè)的 ）performer,whoisn'tregularlyenjoyedeverysingledayworkingonprojects."Anothermajorcomplaintfromtheactorsisthesecrecyoftheindustry."Ican'timagineifthere'sanyotheractingjobintheworldwhereyoudon'tknowwhatshowyou'rein,whenyou'rehired,"saysvoiceactorKeytheFarley,whochairstheSAG-AFTRAnegotiatingcommittee."Andyetthathappenseverydayinthevideogameworld,"FarleytoldreportersduringapressconferenceFriday."IwasamaincharacterinFallout4,acharacterbythenameofKellogg,andIneverknewthatIwasdoingvocalrecordingforthatgamethroughouttheyearandahalf."ScottWitlin,thelawyerrepresentingthevideogamecompanies,saysvoiceactors"representlessthanonetenthoflpercentoftheworkthatgoesintomakingavideogame."So"eventhoughthey'rethetopcraftsmenintheirfield,"Witlinsays,"ifwepaythemunderavastlydifferentsystemthanthepeoplewhodothe99.9percentofthework,that'sgoingtocreatefarmoreproblemsforthevideogamecompanies."WhydidSAG-AFTRAdeclareastrikeagainstsomevideogamepublishers?Ithadbeencheatedrepeatedlyinthe19monthsoftalks.Thelaborcontractbetweenthemhadbeenviolated.Thenegotiationsbetweenthemhadbrokendown.Itsappealtorenegotiatethecontracthadbeenrejected.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthevideogamingindustry?A.Ithasinvestedalotinitsdomesticmarket.B.Ithasattractedmanyfamousvoiceactors.C.Ithasbecomemoreopenandtransparent.D.Ithasgainedhugeprofitsinrecentyears.Whatarethevoiceactorsdemanding?A.Extrapaybasedonsalesrevenues. B.Anon-discriminatorycontract.C.Alimitonthemaximumworkhours. D.Moreregularemployment.WhatdoesKeytheFarleysayaboutvoiceactors?Theyarenotpaidonaregularbasis.Theyarekeptinthedarkaboutmanydetailsoftheirjob.Theyarediscriminatedagainstinthegamingindustry.Theyarenotemployedfull-time.WhatistheargumentoflawyerScottWitlin?Changingthepaysystemwouldcausetheindustrymoreproblems.Payingvoiceactorsonanhourlybasisisinfinewiththelaw.Voiceactorsshouldhaveapayraiseiftheyprovetobetopcraftsmen.Voiceactorsaremerecraftsmen,notprofessionalperformers.【答案】(1)C⑵DAB⑸A【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，美國(guó)演員工會(huì)針對(duì)配音演員酬勞協(xié)商無(wú)果的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了罷工。近年來(lái)美國(guó)游戲行業(yè)快速發(fā)展，游戲公司從中獲得巨大利潤(rùn)，但配音演員的酬勞卻一直維持不變，故他們希望可以按照游戲銷(xiāo)售量獲得額外的報(bào)酬。但律師認(rèn)為如果改變聲音演員的報(bào)酬系統(tǒng)，游戲公司將會(huì)面臨更多的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗麄冎蛔隽似渲猩僦稚俚墓ぷ鳌?1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的 "Thestrikecomesinlightofanunsuccessful19monthsofnegotiationsaftertheexistinglaborcontractknownastheInteractiveMediaAgreementexpiredinlate2014.可知，由于為期19個(gè)月的談判沒(méi)有成功， SAG-AFTR秋定采取罷工來(lái)對(duì)抗一些游戲制彳公司。故選C(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的 "Thevideogamingindustryhasb