不銹鋼部件的化學(xué)鈍化處理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù)規(guī)范(精)

不銹鋼部件的化學(xué)鈍化處理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù)規(guī)范 （中英文對照Scope1.范圍Thisspecificationcoversseveraldifferenttypesofchemicalpassivationtreatmentsforstainlesssteelparts.Itincludesrecommendationsandprecautionsfordescaling,cleaning,andpassivationofstainlesssteelparts.Itincludesseveralalternativetests,withacceptancecriteria,forconfirmationofeffectivenessofsuchtreatmentsforstainlesssteelparts.本技術(shù)規(guī)范適用于幾種不同類型不銹鋼部件的化學(xué)鈍化處理。本技術(shù)規(guī)范包括 :不銹鋼部件除垢、清潔、鈍化的建議和防護 ;本技術(shù)規(guī)范包括了幾種可供選擇的有驗收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不銹鋼部件處理效果確認(rèn)的檢測。PracticesforthemechanicalandchemicaltreatmentsofstainlesssteelsurfacesarediscussedmorethoroughlyinPracticeA380.不銹鋼表面物理和化學(xué)處理的作業(yè)在作業(yè) A380里有更詳盡的論述。Severalalternativechemicaltreatmentsaredefinedforpassivationofstainlesssteelparts.AppendixX1givessomenonmandatoryinformationandprovidessomegeneralguidelinesregardingtheselectionofpassivationtreatmentappropriatetoparticulargradesofstainlesssteel.Itmakesnorecommendationsregardingthesuitabilityofanygrade,treatment,oracceptancecriteriaforanyparticularapplicationorclassofapplications.幾種可供選擇的不銹鋼部件化學(xué)鈍化處理在此有詳細(xì)規(guī)定。附錄 X1提供了一些適用于特殊等級不銹鋼鈍化處理選擇的非強制性的技術(shù)資料并提供了總的指導(dǎo)方針。關(guān)于特殊的應(yīng)用或應(yīng)用種類的等級、處理和驗收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的適宜性 ,它沒有作出建議。Thetestsinthisspecificationareintendedtoconfirmtheeffectivenessofpassivation,particularlywithregardtotheremovaloffreeironandotherexogenousmatter.Thesetestsincludethefollowingpractices:本技術(shù)規(guī)范之中的檢測意在證實鈍化的效果 ,尤其是關(guān)于游離鐵和其它外生物質(zhì) （雜質(zhì)的去除問題。這些檢測包括下列的作業(yè) :PracticeA—WaterImmersionTest,PracticeB—HighHumidityTest,PracticeC—SaltSprayTest,PracticeD—CopperSulfateTest,PracticeE—PotassiumFerricyanide–NitricAcidTest,andPracticeF—FreeIronTest.作業(yè) A— 水浸檢測作業(yè) B— 高濕檢測作業(yè) C— 鹽霧檢測作業(yè) D— 硫酸銅檢測作業(yè) E— 鐵氰化鉀 --硝酸檢測作業(yè) F— 游離鐵檢測Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.TheSIunitsgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.以用磅 /寸單位表示的數(shù)值作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ,在括號內(nèi)給出的國際單位制的單位僅供參考。Thefollowingprecautionarycaveatpertainsonlytothetestmethodportions,Sections14through18ofthisspecification:Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.下列預(yù)防性的告誡僅屬于檢測方法部分 ,本技術(shù)規(guī)范的第 14節(jié)至18節(jié):如有安全問題 ,此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不意在處理所有涉及到使用的安全問題。使用前 ,確立適當(dāng)?shù)陌踩胧?、衛(wèi)生的作業(yè)和確定管理限制的適用性責(zé)任在于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的使用者。ReferencedDocuments參考的文獻ASTMStandards:2ASTM（美國材料實驗協(xié)會標(biāo)準(zhǔn) :A380PracticeforCleaning,Descaling,andDepassivationofStainlessSteelParts,Equipment,andSystems.A380不銹鋼部件、設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)的清洗、除垢、鈍化的作業(yè)。B117PracticeforOperatingSaltSpray（FogApparatusB117操作噴鹽（霧設(shè)備的作業(yè)B254PracticeforPreparationofandElectroplatingonStainlessSteelB254電鍍不銹鋼的準(zhǔn)備作業(yè)和電鍍不銹鋼的作業(yè)。FederalSpecification:3聯(lián)邦的技術(shù)規(guī)范QQ-P-35CPassivationTreatmentsforCorrosion-ResistantSteelsQQ-P-35-C抗蝕鋼 （不銹鋼鈍化處理Terminology術(shù)語DefinitionofTermSpecifictoThisStandard—Itisnecessarytodefinewhichoftheseveralcommonlyuseddefinitionsofthetermpassivationwillbeusedinthisspecification.（SeeDiscussion.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的術(shù)語定義 ——在本技術(shù)規(guī)范將經(jīng)常使用到的幾個術(shù)語 ―鈍化‖的定義有必要作出規(guī)定。 （見論述Discussion—Stainlesssteelsareautopassivatinginthesensethattheprotectivepassivefilmisformedspontaneouslyonexposuretoairormoisture.Thepresenceofexogenoussurfacecontamination,includingdirt,grease,freeironfromcontactwithsteeltooling,andsoforth,mayinterferewiththeformationofthepassivefilm.Thecleaningofthesecontaminantsfromthestainlesssteelsurfacewillfacilitatethespontaneouspassivationbyallowingtheoxygenuniformaccesstothesurface.Thepassivefilmmaybeaugmentedbychemicaltreatmentsthatprovideanoxidizingenvironmentforthestainlesssteelsurface.論述——在某種意義上說 ,在暴露到空氣和濕氣的情況下 ,保護性的鈍化膜自動生成是不銹鋼在自動鈍化。外生的表面污染 ,包括 :塵土、油脂、來自鋼鐵加工的游離鐵等等 ,可以影響到鈍化膜的生成。通過允許氧氣均衡地接觸到不銹鋼表面 ,不銹鋼表面污染的清洗將會有助于自動鈍化。通過為不銹鋼表面提供一個氧化環(huán)境的化學(xué)處理 ,鈍化膜可以得到增強。Inthisspecification,passivation,unlessotherwisespecified,isdefinedasthechemicaltreatmentofastainlesssteelwithamildoxidant,suchasanitricacidsolution,forthepurposeoftheremovaloffreeironorotherforeignmatter,butwhichisgenerallynoteffectiveinremovalofheattintoroxidescaleonstainlesssteel.Inthecaseofstainlesssteelswithadditionsofsulfurforthepurposeofimprovedmachinability,passivationmayalsoincludetheremovalofsulfidesfromthesurfaceofthemetalforthepurposeofmaximizingcorrosionresistance.在本技術(shù)規(guī)范中 ,除非另有規(guī)定 ,―鈍化‖被定義為 :為了消除游離鐵和其它雜質(zhì) ,用溫和的氧化劑對不銹鋼進行化學(xué)處理 ,例如硝酸溶液 ,但是 ―鈍化‖對于消除不銹鋼回火顏色和氧化膜 （皮通常是無效的。為了增強良好的切削加工性的情況下 ,對于帶有硫磺的不銹鋼 ,為了令抗腐性最優(yōu)化 ,鈍化也可包括金屬表面硫化物的去除作業(yè)。Theformationoftheprotectivepassivefilmonastainlesssteel,alsocalledpassivationinamoregeneralcontext,willoccurspontaneouslyinairorotheroxygencontainingenvironmentwhenthestainlesssteelsurfaceisfreeofoxidescaleandexogenousmatter.不銹鋼保護性鈍化膜的生成 ,在更通常的情況下叫作 ―鈍化‖,當(dāng)不銹鋼表面無氧化膜和外生物質(zhì) （雜質(zhì)時 ,它在空氣中或者其它含氧環(huán)境下會自然發(fā)生。Chemicaltreatments,suchassodiumdichromatesolutions,mayfacilitatethemorerapidformationofthepassivefilmonastainlesssteelsurfacealreadyfreeofscaleorforeignmatter.Suchtreatments,alsosometimescalledpassivationincommonusage,aredesignatedaspost-cleaningtreatmentsinthisspecificationinordertodistinguishthemfromchemicaltreatmentscapableofremovingfreeironfromstainlesssteels.化學(xué)處理 ,例如重鉻酸鈉溶液 ,可以促進無氧化膜和雜質(zhì)不銹鋼表面的鈍化膜更快速度的生成。在通常使用時 ,這樣一種處理 ,有時稱為―鈍化‖,為了區(qū)分這種處理和能清除不銹鋼游離鐵的化學(xué)處理 ,在本技術(shù)規(guī)范中被稱作 ―后清洗處理‖。Thechemicaltreatmentscapableofremovingheattintoroxidescalefromstainlesssteelandcapableofdissolvingthestainlesssteelitself,typicallycalledpickling,aresubstantiallymoreaggressivethantreatmentsusedforpassivation,asdefinedin.Thesurfaceofstainlesssteelthathasbeenpickledisfreeofscale,freeiron,andexogenousforeignmatter,anddoesnotrequireaseparatetreatmentforpassivationasdefinedin.Thepassivationprocessdefinedinwilloccurwithoutfurtherchemicaltreatmentbutmaybeaugmentedandimprovedbythepost-cleaningtreatmentsdefinedin.能清除不銹鋼回火顏色和氧化膜并能溶解不銹鋼自身的化學(xué)處理 ,通常地叫作―浸酸‖,實質(zhì)上它比用作鈍化的處理更具侵蝕性 （正如 說明一樣。已浸酸的不銹鋼表面無氧化膜、游離鐵和外生雜質(zhì) ,不需要另外的鈍化處理 （正如 說明一樣。在沒有進一步的化學(xué)處理情況下 ,鈍化過程 （在說明將會出現(xiàn) ,但鈍化作用將會被 ―后清洗處理‖（在說明提高增強。Electrochemicaltreatments,includingelectropicklingandelectropolishingcapableofremovingheattintoroxidescalefromstainlesssteelandcapableofdissolvingthestainlesssteelitself,aresubstantiallymoreaggressivethantreatmentsusedforpassivation,asdefinedin.Thesurfaceofstainlesssteelresultingfromthesetreatmentsisfreeofscale,freeiron,andexogenousforeignmatter,anddoesnotrequireaseparatetreatmentforpassivationasdefinedin.Thepassivationprocessdefinedinwilloccurwithoutfurtherchemicaltreatment,butmaybeaugmentedandimprovedbythepostcleaningtreatmentsdefinedin.Statementsregardingchemicaltreatments,unlessotherwisespecified,aretakentoincludeelectrochemicaltreatments.3.1.1電化學(xué)處.5理，包括能去除不銹鋼回火顏色和氧化膜并能溶解不銹鋼 自身的電鑿和電磨，實質(zhì)上比鈍化處理（在 說明）更具侵蝕性的。由這 些處理產(chǎn)生的不銹鋼表面沒有氧化膜、游離鐵和外生雜質(zhì)，也不需另外鈍化處理 （正如