歷年高考閱讀理解精選

歷年高考閱讀真題精選謹(jǐn)以此篇紀(jì)念江蘇高考英語回歸全國卷TO2013年江蘇卷D篇|句數(shù)：35|詞數(shù)：650MarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:themanwhopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeenthmportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe'sUncleTom'sCabiinonlythemostfamousexample.Thesearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.Againandagain,inthepostwaryears,Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemostcontroversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain'snovels,AdventureofHuckleberry^inn.OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFir)nTwain'smostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude.Twainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel"trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums(貧民窟)."Morerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacteim,theescapedslave,andmanyoccurencesofthewordnigger.(ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized,neverappearsinit.)Buttheattackswereandaresilly—andmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti-slavery.Jim'ssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedisheroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfiction——arecognitionthattheslavehadtwopersonalities,"thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhiteslavecultureandthevoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheman."Thereismuchmore.Twain'smysterynovelPudd'nheadWilsonstoodasachallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday.WrittenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior（低等的）towhites,especiallyinintelligence,Twain'stalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtohermaster'sbabyand,fo”fearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemaster'sbabybyhiswife.Theslave'slight-skinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationoftheslave-holdingclass.Themaster'swife'sbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesandintonationsoftheslaveThepointwasdifficulttomiss:nurture（養(yǎng)育），notnature,wasthekeytosocialstatus.Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthatprovidedthestuffofprejudice—mannerofspeech,forexample—were,toTwain,indicativeofnothingotherthantheconditioningthatslaveryforcedonitsvictims.Twain'sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy,forexample,bythelengthypassageinhisautobiography假）abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled"niggershows"inhisyouth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face—andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.Hisfrequentattacksonslaveryandprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthatheydidnot.WasTwainaracist?Askingthequestioninthe21stcenturyisaswiseasaskingthesameofLincoln.Ifwereadthewordsandattitudesofthepastthroughthe"wisdom"oftheconsideredmoraljudgmentsofthepresent,wewillfindnothingbuterror.Lincoln,whobelievedtheblackmantheinferiorofthewhite,foughtandwonawartofreehim.AndTwain,raisedinaslavestate,brieflyasoldier,andinventorofJim,mayhavedonemoretoangerthenationoverracialinjusticeandawakenitscollectiveconsciencethananyothernovelistinthepastcentury.HowdoTwain'snovelsonslaverydifferfromStowe's?Twainwasmorewillingtodealwithracism.Twain'sattackonracismwasmuchlessopen.Twain'sthemesseemedtoagreewithplots.Twainwasopenlyconcernedwithracism.RecentcriticismofAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnarosepartlyfromits.targetreadersatthebottomanti-slaveryattituderatherimpolitelanguagefrequentuseof"nigger"WhatbestprovesTwain'santi-slaverystandaccordingtotheauthor?Jim'ssearchforhisfamilywasdescribedindetail.Theslave'svoicewasfirstheardinAmericannovels.Jimgrewupintoamanandafatherinthewhiteculture.Twainsuspectedthattheslaveswerelessintelligent.Thestoryoftwobabiesswitchedmainlyindicatesthatslaveswereforcedtogiveuptheirbabiestotheirmastersslaves'babiescouldpickupslave-holders'wayofspeakingblacks'socialpositionwasshapedbyhowtheywerebroughtupblackswerebornwithcertainfeaturesofprejudiceWhatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph7referto?Theattacks.Slaveryandprejudice.Whitemen.Theshows.Whatdoestheauthormainlya