閱讀與理解練習(xí)題及答案

閱讀與理解練習(xí)題及答案Passage1Mymotherraisedmeasbestasshecould，takingonoddjobsintheneighborhoodformoney．Stillwithoutafathertotellmehowtoactandwhatwasexpectedofme，Ifeltlost．IwanderedforyearsandgotinvolvedwithtoughguysontheEastSideofNewYork．Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin．Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted．Iwantedtobelikethem．ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline，afterfollowingmymothersadvice．Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice，Ihadtimetorethinkmylife，andmythoughtsoftenrantomymother．IrealizedsuddenlyjusthowmuchofaheartacheImusthavebeentoher，howlittleIhadnoticedhersuffering．Whenmyfatherleftthisworld．mymotherwascompletelyalone．Tosupportus，mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors．Andassheworkedhardatthislabor，shekeptherheadhigh．Eachweekshewouldbringapileofbookshomefromthelibraryandreadtous．Mymotherhadwantednothingmore，thanformetoturnintoanhonestresponsibleman．ButIhadactedagainsther.Finally，almosttoolateIhadthesensetofeelshame．TenyearspassedandIreturnedtotheapartmentOntheEastSide．IknewIwonldn’tfallbackinwiththewrongpeople，althoughIstillwasn’tsurewhereIwasheading．Mymother,Icouldtell,wasworriedaboutme．Inmyneighborhood,tobecomeapoliceofficerorafirefighterwasamarkofsignificantsocialsuccessandachievementFormeitwasanopportunityforarealstartinlife．IwonderedifIwasuptoit．butIknewthatitwastimetotry．WhenIfoundmyselfinthebighallraisingmyhandstotakethefirefightersoath(誓言)ofoffice，mymotherwassittingafewrowsbehindwithasmileofrelief．SheknewthatatlastIwasoffonlife’sroadandmovingsteadily．Hersmilesaid，“Myjobisfinallydone．”1．Fromthisstory，wemayguessthattheEastSideofNewYorkmustbea____C_______areaA．commercialB．richC．poorD．distant2．Theauthorusedtobehavehimself________D___________.A.oddlyB．toughlyC．remarkablyD．badly3．Fromthecontext，weunderstandthat“oddjobs”inthefirstparagraphrefertojobs____B_____．A．ofcleaning,washingandironingC.whichonecanmakeextramoneywithB．whicharenotregularorfixedD．withhousework4．Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph．theauthorsays．“Itwasluckyformethat...”Theluckyexperiencehetalksabouthereishisexperienceof______A______．A.thethreeyearsofmilitaryserviceB．leavingaworldofdisciplineC．leavingthecityandhismotherD．rememberingthebookshismotherreadtoherchildren5.Whatisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?BA．Afterherhusbanddied，hismotherdidallavailablejobstosupportthefamily．B．Theauthorwassurprisedthathewasacceptedasafirefighter．C.Theauthorfinallyrealizedthathismotheralwayswantedhimtobeanhonestandresponsibleman．D．Infaceofpoverty，hismotherneverloweredherhead．Shebravelystruggledon．參考譯文：母親通過在附近打零工掙點(diǎn)錢，盡她最大的能力把我撫養(yǎng)大。但是沒有父親告訴我應(yīng)該怎么做，我應(yīng)該期待什么.我迷茫了...幾年來我一直在彷徨，并混入了紐約貧民區(qū)的一幫兇悍的青年。他們可以為了一枚掉了的硬幣瘋狂打架，他們會(huì)用偷的形式獲得他們想要的，我想和他們一樣。幸運(yùn)的是，離開了城市之后，通過遵循母親的指導(dǎo)我進(jìn)入了一個(gè)有序的世界，三年的軍役生活讓我重思我的生活。我的思緒常常飄到母親那里。突然間我認(rèn)識(shí)到我?guī)Ыo了她多大的麻煩，而我卻很少注意到他的痛苦。自從父親不在后，母親非常孤獨(dú)。為了撫養(yǎng)我們，母親為鄰居打掃房間，洗、熨衣服。雖然她以這種工作拼命掙錢，卻始終保持很高的思想覺悟。每周她都會(huì)從圖書館買一大堆的書回家，讀給我們聽。母親只想讓我做一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的人，其它再別無所求。但是我卻與他唱反調(diào)。最后我才覺得有愧于她，但幾乎太晚了。十年過去了，我又回到了貧民區(qū)的那個(gè)家。盡管我不確定我未來的人生路該往哪去，但是絕不會(huì)再和那些家伙混在一起。我能夠感覺出母親為我擔(dān)心。我的鄰居們認(rèn)為，能做一名警官或是消防員就代表著社會(huì)上的成功。而對(duì)我來說那就是新生活開始的機(jī)會(huì)。我想知道我能否等到那一刻，可是我知道現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該試一試了。我不知道是否能達(dá)到這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但我知道這是該嘗試的時(shí)候了。當(dāng)我站在大廳里舉起我的手作為作消防員就職宣誓時(shí)，我的母親就坐在后幾排，如釋重負(fù)。她知道我最終走上了生活的道路并穩(wěn)定下來了，她的微笑告訴我：“我的任務(wù)完成了?！盤assage2PALOALTO，California—“Switchingoffthetelevisionmayhelppreventchildrenfromgettingfatter，eveniftheydonotchangetheirdietorincreasetheamounttheyexercise．”USresearcherssaidlastweek．Astudyof192thirdandfourthgraders，generallyagedeightandnine，foundthatchildrenwhocutthenumberofhoursspentwatchingtelevisiongainednearlytwopounds(0．9kg)lessoveraone-yearperiodthanthosewhodidnotchangetheirtelevisiondiet．“Thefindingsareimportantbecausetheyshowthatweightlosscanonlybetheresultofareductionintelevisionviewingandnotanyotheractivity，”saidThomasRobinson，apediatrician(兒科專家)atStanfordUniversity．“Americanchildrenspendanaverageofmorethanfourhoursperdaywatchingtelevisionandvideosorplayingvideogames，andratesofchildhoodbeingveryfathavedoubledoverthepast20years，”Robinsonsaid．Inthestudy，presentedthisweektothePediatricAcademicSocieties’annualmeetinginSanFrancisco，theresearcherspersuadedabout100ofthestudentstoreducetheirtelevisionviewingbyone-quartertoone-third．Childrenwatchingfewerhoursoftelevisionshowedasignificantlysmallerincreaseinwaistsizeandhadlessbodyfatthanotherstudentswhocontinuedtheirnormaltelevisionviewing，eventhoughneithergroupateaspecialdietortookpartinanyextraexercise．“Oneexplanationfortheweightlosscouldbethechildrenunstucktothetelevisionmaysimplyhavebeenmovingaroundmoreandburningoffcalories，”Robinsonsaid．“Anotherreasonmightbeduetoeatingfewermealsinfrontofthetelevision．SomestudieshavesuggestedthateatinginfrontoftheTVencouragespeopletoeatmore，”Robinsonsaid．6.Theauthortriestotellusinthefirsttwoparagraphsthat_______D___________.A．childrenwillgetfatteriftheyeattoomuchB．childrenwillgetthinneriftheyeatlessC．childrenwillgetfatteriftheyspendlesstimewatchingTVD．childrenwillgetfatteriftheyspendmoretimewatchingTV7．Accordingtothepassage，thetimeAmericanchildrenusuallyspendonwatchingTV_____A_____.A．ismorethanfourhoursadayC．doubledinthelasttwentyyearsB．islessthanfourhoursadayD．ismorethanonanyotheractivities8.ThetimethegroupofchildreninthestudyspentonTVviewingeverydayissuggestedtobeabout____C_________.A．sixhoursB．eighthoursC．threehoursD.onehour9．Whichoneofthefollowingisright?______B_________A．ChildrenusuallyeatlesswhilewatchingTV．B.ChildrenusuallyeatmorewhilewatchingTV．CChildreneatthesameamountoffoodwhilewatchingTV．D．ChildrenusuallyeatnothingwhilewatchingTV．10．WhycanwatchingTVincreasekids’weightaccordingtothepassage?______D_________A．BecausekidsusuallyeatmorewhilewatchingTV．B．Becausekidsburnofffewercalories．C．BecausekidschangetheirdietwhilewatchingTV．D．BothAandB．帕洛阿爾托,加利福尼亞州—“關(guān)掉電視有助于防止兒童發(fā)胖，即使他們不改變他們的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)也不增加運(yùn)動(dòng)量，”美國(guó)研究者上周說。一項(xiàng)針對(duì)192人，三到四年級(jí)，總體年齡在八歲和九歲的孩子調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)那些在一年里減少數(shù)小時(shí)看電視時(shí)間的孩子比不改變看電視時(shí)間的孩子體重減少近兩磅（0.9公斤）?！斑@個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)非常重要，因?yàn)檫@表明減肥僅僅是減少看電視時(shí)間的結(jié)果，跟其他活動(dòng)無關(guān)，”斯坦福大學(xué)兒科專家托馬斯·魯賓遜說?！懊绹?guó)孩子平均每天花費(fèi)四小時(shí)看電視和視頻或者玩視頻游戲，兒童肥胖比例是20年前的兩倍，”魯賓遜說。本周，這項(xiàng)報(bào)告將在舊金山舉行的兒科學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)會(huì)上提出，研究者說服100名學(xué)生將他們看電視的時(shí)間縮短了四分之一到三分之一。和那些繼續(xù)保持看電視時(shí)間的學(xué)生相比，這些孩子看電視的時(shí)間越少，他們腰圍尺寸增加越少，身體脂肪越少，而且兩者都沒有吃特別的飲食或參加額外的運(yùn)動(dòng)?！绑w重減少的一個(gè)解釋就是孩子們不再黏在電視前可能僅僅是去運(yùn)動(dòng)起來燃燒卡路里，”魯賓遜說，“另外一個(gè)原因可能由于看電視少了，在電視機(jī)前吃的東西更少了。有些研究提出待在電視機(jī)前吃東西鼓勵(lì)人們吃的更多，”魯賓遜說。Passage3Airlinecompaniesareresponsiblefortransportingyourluggage．Ifyoucannotrecoveritatthepointofarrival．youmustinformtheairlineimmediately．Theywillearlyoutthenecessarysearch．Iftheluggageisrecovered．itwillbedeliveredtoyourplaceofresidence．Ifyouwishtoinsureyourluggage，youmaydosoatyourownexpense.Someairlinesrestrictluggageweightto44pounds(20kg)；inothercases，thereisnoweightrestriction，butyouarenotallowedmorethantwopiecesofluggage．Inquireaboutluggageallowancesfromtheairlinewithwhichyouwillbetraveling．However，youmustpayextraforexcessluggage，whichisnotreimbursed(補(bǔ)償)byCanadianInternationalDevelopmentAgency(CIDA).Eachsuitcase，bagorpackagemustbeclearlylabeledwithyournameanddestination.Ifyoudonotknowtheexactdestinationaddressatthetimeofyourdeparture，labelyourluggageincareof(由……代收)meexecutingagencywhosenameappearsintheTrainingAgreement，usingthefollowingmodel：Surname．firstnameNameofyourcountryAddressoftheexecutingagencyCity，courttry，postalcodeTelephonenumberofexecutingagencyIfyoudonothavethisinformation，pleaselabelyourluggagewiththenameandaddressoftheinstitutionyouaretoattendinCanada．Ifnoneofthesedetailsareavailable，youcanuseCIDAsaddress．11．Ifyoucantfindyourluggageatthepointofarrival，airlinecompanieswilltrytofinditand_____B________．A．a(chǎn)skyoutoinsureyourluggageC.informyouaboutitsrecoveryB．deliverittowhereyouliveD．a(chǎn)skyoutopaysomemoneyforit12．Beforetakingyourairtrip，youhavetomakesure_____A_____．A．oftherestrictionsonluggageB．oftheinsuranceforluggageC.whowillpayfortheexcessluggageD．howmuchCIDAwillpayfortheexcessluggage13．Thechargefortheexcessluggageshouldbepaidby_______B__________.A．CIDAC．theinsurancecompanyB．thepassengerD．theexecutingagency14．Incaseyouhavenoideaatallwheretosendyourluggage．youcanfirstsendittotheaddressof_____D___________providedyouhavetheinformation．A．theinstitutionyouaretoattendB．theairlineyoutravelwithC．CIDAD.theexecutingagencygivenintheTrainingAgreement15.ThepassageismainlyaboutCIDAsadviceon____D_______．A．thechargeofyourluggageC．theinsuranceofyourluggageB．therecoveryofyourluggageD．thetranspoaationofyourluggage航空公司有責(zé)任幫你運(yùn)輸行李。如果你沒有在到達(dá)的時(shí)候拿到行李，你必須立即通知航空公司。他們會(huì)做必要的尋找。如果重新找到了行李，他們會(huì)通知你的住處。如果你想要對(duì)行李進(jìn)行保險(xiǎn)，你需要自己付費(fèi)。有些航空公司規(guī)定行李的重量不能超過44磅（20公斤），其他航空公司對(duì)行李的重量沒有限制，但是行李的件數(shù)不能超過兩件。可以向你將要乘坐的航班詢問行李是否被允許。對(duì)與超過規(guī)定的行李要承擔(dān)額外的費(fèi)用，對(duì)此加拿大國(guó)際發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)不會(huì)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償。每件行李，包或者箱子都必須清楚地標(biāo)上你的姓名和目的地。如果你起飛時(shí)不知道到達(dá)的確切地點(diǎn)，可以標(biāo)上由執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)（旅游公司）代收的字樣，就是旅行協(xié)議上出現(xiàn)的名字?？捎靡韵履Ｊ剑盒諊?guó)家名執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)（旅游公司）的地址城市名，國(guó)家名，郵編執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)（旅游公司）的電話號(hào)碼如果你沒有這些信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)谛欣钌蠘?biāo)上你在加拿大到過的機(jī)構(gòu)的名字和地址。如果這些信息都沒有，你可以用CIDA（加拿大國(guó)際發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)）的地址。Passage4Tousitseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains．Butactuallytheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainstrain．Itsfirstusewasasashade(遮光物)againstthesun!Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit，buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes．ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChinese，waybackinthe11centuryBC．WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade．Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse：itbecameasymbolofhonourandauthority．IntheFarEastinancienttimes，theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffice．InEurope，theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade．AndtheumbrellawasincommonuseinancientGreece．ButitisbelievedthatthefirstpersonsinEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.DuringtheMiddleAges，theuseoftheumbrellapracticallydisappeared．ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelate16thcentury.Andagainitwasconsideredasymbolofpowerandauthority．By1680，theumbrellaappearedinFrance，andlateroninEngland．Bythe18thcentury，theumbrellawasusedagainstrainthroughoutmostofEurope．Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime．thoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasntuntilthe20thcenturythatwomensumbrellasbegantobemade，inawholevarietyofcolours．16．Accordingtothispassage，theumbrellawasprobablyfirstinvented_______A___________.A．inancientChinaC．inancientGreeceB．inancientEgyptD．inancientRome17Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueabouttheumbrella?________C________.A．Nooneexactlyknowswhowastheinventoroftheumbrella．B．Theumbrellawasfirstinvantedtobeusedasprotectionagainstthesun．C．Theumbrellachangedmuchinstyleinthe18thcentury．D．InEurope，theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrella．18．Astrangefeatureoftheumbrellasuseisthatitwasonceusedas_______B________A．protectionagainstrainC．a(chǎn)shadeagainstthesunB．a(chǎn)symbolofhonourandpowerD．womensdecoration19．InEurope,theumbrellawasfirstusedagainsttherain_____C___．A．duringtheMiddleAgesC．inRomeB．inthe18thcenturyD．inGreece20．Thispassagetalksmainlyabout______________D___________．A．whenandhowtheumbrellawasinventedBwhytheumbrellawasoncesopopularinEuropeCthedevelopmentoftheumbrellaD．thehistoryanduseoftheumbrella對(duì)我們來說，下雨時(shí)撐開傘擋雨是那么自然的事，但事實(shí)上，傘的發(fā)明并不是用于防下雨，它最早是用來遮擋陽光的。無人知曉究竟是誰最先發(fā)明了傘，但傘的使用已經(jīng)非常悠久。很可能最早使用傘的是中國(guó)人，那是遠(yuǎn)在公元前11世紀(jì)的事了。傘在古埃及和巴比倫是被當(dāng)作遮陽傘使用的，而且還有一樁與使用遮陽傘有關(guān)的奇事，即它是榮譽(yù)和權(quán)力的象征。在古代的遠(yuǎn)東，撐傘只限用于王家貴族。在歐洲，希臘人最早使用陽傘。傘的普遍使用也是在古希臘。而歐洲第一個(gè)用傘來擋雨的是古羅馬人。在整個(gè)中世紀(jì)，傘幾乎沒人使用。后來它的再次出現(xiàn)，是在16世紀(jì)的意大利，并仍被視為權(quán)力和威嚴(yán)的象征。1680年，傘出現(xiàn)在法國(guó)，稍后是英國(guó)。在18世紀(jì)時(shí)期，歐洲大部分地區(qū)到處使用傘來擋雨，傘的形式在這段時(shí)間沒有很大的變化，盡管它們?cè)谥亓可献兊酶p了。直到20世紀(jì)，女用傘才被制造出來，并且花色逐漸繁多了。Passage5Asfarbackas700BC，manhastalkedaboutchildrenbeingcaredforbywolves.RomulusandRemns，foundersofancientRome，weresaidtohavebeenbroughtupbywolves．Itisbelievedthatwhenashe-wolflosesherlitter，shetriestofindahumanbabytotakeitsplace．ThisseeminglyunreasonableideadidnotbecomebelievableuntilthenineteenthcenturywhenaFrenchdoctoractuallyfoundaboywanderinginaforest．Theboyhadnoclothesonandwasjedgedtobetenyearsoldbysomeexperts．Hedidnotwalkstraightuplikeahumanbeing，butwithbothhishandsandfeettouchingthegroundTheboycouldnotspeakbuthowledlikeawolf．Hedidnoteatanycookedfoodbutrawmeatsuchashare，deer，orgoatmealHeknewnothingabouttherelationshipsamonghumanfamilies．Finallythedoctorwontheboystrust，andtheboystartedtoobeyhimAftermanylongyearsofdevotedandpatientinstruction，thedoctormanagedtogettheboytodresshimselfinclothesandfeedhimselfasahumanbeingdoes．Withgreatdifficulty，thedoctorwasabletomakethewolf-boyrecognizeandspeakquiteafewwords.21．Accordingtothepassage．itisbelievedthat______B_______A．wolf-childrenareacommonoccurrenceexistingineverycountryeverycenturyB．theunusualoccurrenceofwolf-childrenhasexistedforovertwentycentunesC．she-wolvesenjoylookingafterahumanbabyinsteadofherownchildD．humanbeingsarecuriousaboutwolf-children22.Exceptthattheboyknewnothingabouttherelationshipsamonghumanfamilies，_____C_______factscouldshowthathewasawolf-child．A．twoB．threeC．fourD.many23．Theword“l(fā)itter”inthefirstparagraphprobablyrefersto_____C_______．A．a(chǎn)hareC．newly-bornwolvesB.theboyD.anothershe-wolf24.Ittookthedoctoralongtimetomanagetogetthewolf-childto______A_______.A.retumtowhatitmeanstobeahumanbeingC．rememberhisownfamilyandnameB．forgethiswolflifeD．speaklikeahumanchild25．Onlyaftermanylongyearsofdevotedandpatientinstructiondidthedoctormanageto____C_________.A．wintheboystrustandmaketheboyobeyhimB．maketheboywalkstraightuplikeahumanbeingC.gettheboytodresshimselfinclothesandfeedhimselfasahumanbeingdoesD．bomAandB公元前700年，人們就談?wù)摾丘B(yǎng)人的故事。古羅馬的發(fā)現(xiàn)者Romulus和Remns據(jù)說就是由狼帶大的。人們相信當(dāng)母狼失去了他的孩子，它就試著找一個(gè)嬰兒來代替。這個(gè)不可思議的說法直到19世紀(jì)才得到證實(shí)。那時(shí)一個(gè)法國(guó)醫(yī)生真的發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)小男孩在森林里游蕩，那個(gè)男孩沒有穿衣服。有些專家估計(jì)他大概十歲，他不是像人類那樣直身行走，而是雙手雙腳觸地走。那男孩不會(huì)說話，只會(huì)像狼一樣地吼。他不吃煮過的食物，而是吃像野兔、鹿、羊這樣的生肉。他不知道任何人類的家庭關(guān)系。結(jié)果那個(gè)醫(yī)生取得了男孩的信任，男孩也開始聽從醫(yī)生。經(jīng)過很多年的努力和耐心指導(dǎo)，醫(yī)生成功的使得那個(gè)男孩可以像人類那樣自己穿衣服，自己吃東西。又經(jīng)過很大努力，醫(yī)生教會(huì)了男孩認(rèn)識(shí)并說一些字。Passage6Untilthetwentiethcenturycigarettesmokingwasnotawidespreadhabit．Thecigaretteindustrystartedinthe1870’swiththedevelopmentofcigarettemanufacturingmachines．Ithelpedproducegreatnumbersofcigarettesveryquicklyandreducedthepricegreatly．Andconsequentlymoreandmorepeople，bothmenandwomen，begantosmokecigarettes．Menasagroup，however，smokemorethanwomen.Butthehighestproportionofsmokersisfoundintheagegroupof24-44．regardlessofsexdifferenceIncome，education，andoccupationallplayapartindeterminingapersonssmokinghabits．Citypeoplesmokemorethanpeoplelivingonfarms．Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanmenwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes．Ontheotherhand，ifawell-educatedmanwithahigherincomesmokesatall．heislikelytosmokemorepacksofcigarettesperday.Thesituationissomewhatdifferentforwoman．ThereareslightlymoresmokersamongwomenwithhigherfamilyincomesandhighereducationthanamongthelowerincomeandlowereducationgroupsThesemorehighlyeducatedwomentendtosmokemoreheavily．Amongteenagersthepictureissimilar．Therearefewerteenagesmokersfromupper-income，well-educatedfamilies，andfewerfromfamilieslivinginfarmareas．Highschoolstudentswhoarepreparingforcollegearelesslikelytosmokethanthosewhodonotplantocontinuetheireducationafterhighschool．Childrenaremostlikelytostartsmokingifoneorbothoftheirparentssmoke．26．Whendidcigarettesmokingbegintobecomeawidespreadhabitamongmenandwomenaccordingtotheauthor?__________C________________.A.Beforethe1870’sB．Intheyearofl870．C．Whencigarettesweremadeinlargenumbers．D．Whenwomenbegantosmokecigarettes．27．Amongwhichagegroupofpeopleareyoulikelytofindthehighestproportionofcigarettesmokersaccordingtothepassage?____B_________A.Teenagers．C．Peopleoverfifty．B．Peopleintheirthirties.D．Studentsundertwenty．28.Whichofthefollowinghaslittletodowithapersonssmokinghabit?______D_________(與……沒有關(guān)系)A．Howmuchmoneyheearns．C．Howmucheducationhesgot．B．Whatkindofiobhedoes．D．Howlonghehasworked．29.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?_______B_________A．Well-paidmenwithgoodeducationaremorelikelytosmoke.B．Womenwithhighfamilyincomesandgoodeducationaremorelikelytosmoke.C．Generallyspeaking，well-educatedwomenwithhigherincomessmokeveryfewcigarettes.D．Well-educatedmenusuallysmokemorepacksofcigarettesthanwell-educatedwomen.30．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Amongteenagersthepictureissimilar.”inthelastparagraph?_______C_________A．Teenagerssmokeasmanycigarettesasadults.B．Thereareasmanyteenagersmokersasadultsmokers．C.Familyincomeandeducationhavemuchthesameeffectonformingsmokinghabitsamongteenagers.D．Teenagersmokershaveaphotothatlookssimilartothatofadultsmokers.直到20世紀(jì)吸煙才成為的世界范圍內(nèi)的習(xí)慣。香煙產(chǎn)業(yè)始于18世紀(jì)70年代香煙制造機(jī)器的發(fā)展。這些機(jī)器能大批量地生產(chǎn)香煙，而且香煙生產(chǎn)得又快價(jià)格又便宜。結(jié)果不論男女越來越多的人開始吸煙。然而男人作為一個(gè)群體來看，比女人吸煙更厲害。男性吸煙群體普遍高于女性，男女性吸煙者的年齡主要集中在24-44歲之間。收入、教育和職業(yè)在決定一個(gè)人的抽煙習(xí)慣方面都發(fā)揮作用。城市吸煙者比農(nóng)村的多，受過良好教育且高收入的男人比在校學(xué)生及低收入的人其吸煙的可能性要少。另一方面，如果受過良好教育且收入又高的男士同樣也吸煙的話，那么，他每天很可能得抽幾包煙。對(duì)于女性而言，情況則有所不同。家庭富裕且受過高等教育的女性，其吸煙率要高于低收入且受教育程度較低的女性群體。越是那些受過高等教育的女性吸煙越嚴(yán)重。在十幾歲的青少年當(dāng)中也有類似情況，那些來自高收入、高知識(shí)家庭和鄉(xiāng)村家庭的孩子吸煙的人數(shù)較少。準(zhǔn)備考大學(xué)的高中生比那些高中畢業(yè)后就不打算繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的高中生不容易吸煙。如果父母雙方或一方吸煙的話，孩子則很可能開始吸煙。Passage7Today,computersareahugeandfast-movingfieldoftechnology．Smaller，morepowerfulanduserfriendlyequipmentisdevelopedalmostdaily.CharlesBabbage,aBritishinventor，issometimescalledthefatheroftheconmputer．In1823，hestartedtobuildamachinethatcoulddosumsandprintouttheresults．Themachinewasfaraheadofitstime.Sadly，itwassocomplicatedthatheneverfinishedmakingit.overacenturylater，peoplewerestilltryingtobuildefficientcountingmachines．Theyweresobigthattheyfilledentireroomsandweighed,manytons.Butthesehugecountingmachineswerenotreallycomputers—theydidnothavememories.Moderncomputersusecomplicateddatamemorysystemstohandleinformation，eitherascomputermemoryordataonstoreddisksandCDs．Thedatacanbewords，numbers，picturesoramixtureofallthree.ModerncomputermemoriescanstoremoredatathanaroomfuloffilingboxesTheyusetinyelectriccurrents．a(chǎn)ndhavethousandsofcircuitsinsidethem，puttightly，intotiny“chips”.Beforeitcanbereadbythecomputer，thedatahastobeturnedintoanelectroniccodeofverysmallon-offpulsesorsignals．Thesesignalsaremadeandtranslatedbysmallswitcheswithinthe“chips”.InternetpioneerDr．VintonCerfiscalledFatheroftheInternet．HelovestoanswerpeoplesquestionsabouttheInternetwheneverhemeetsthem．TwentyyearsagoCerfandRobertKahndevelopedthestructurefortheInternet．TheirworkbroughtabouttherapidgrowthoftheInternet．In1983therewereabout50，000usersandthenumberhasgrowntomorethan360milliontoday．WhenhewasaskedifheeverexpectedtheInternettobecomesopopular，Dr．Cerfsaidthenumberwasasurprise.Hepointedoutoneofthekeyissuesfacingthenettodayasprivacyandsaidwecouldnotavoidhavinge-mailsseenormonitoredbyothers．“Ithappenedwiththetelephonesystemanditwillcertainlyhappenwithe-mail．Therearetoolstofightagainstit，buttheproblemisthatrightnowitsnoteasyenoughtousethem”.HealsopointedoutthatthejunkemailsandtheunwelcomematerialssuchaspornontheInternetwasaworry，butitwasdifficulttostop．Hesaid．“Theresnowaytostopittechnically—buttheInternetisamirrorofmankind．Ifwedontlikewhatweseeinthemirror，thentouchingupthemirrorisnottheanswer．”31．Accordingtothepassage，asearlyas_____B_______,peoplestartedtryingtobuildacomputerA．twentyyearsagoC.acenturyagoB．a(chǎn)lmosttwohundredyearsagoD．360milliondaysago32．Accordingtothepassage，thecomputersweusetodayaredifferentfromthoseoldhugecountingmachinesmainlyinthat________D____________．A.theyareverysmallC．theyusetinyelectriccurrentsB．theycanhandleinformationD．theyhavememories33.Whatmakesitpossibleforacomputertoreadthedata?AA．Thedatahastobeturnedintoanelectroniccodeofsmallon-offsignals．B．ThedatahastobetranslatedintoEnglishbyatranslator．C．Thedatamustbeturnedintowords，numbers，andpictures．D．Thedatamustbeputintotiny“chips”．34．Dr．VintonCerf_______D__________.A.pushesforwardtherapidgrowthoftheInternetbyaskingpeoplesquestionsaboutitB．believesthattherearetoolstofightagainstprivacyC．thinksthate-mailwillcertainlybeaspopularastelephonesD．neverexpectedtheinternetcouldbesopopular35．Dr．VintonCeffcomparedtheInternettoamirror．Whenhesaid，“Ifwedontlikewhatweseeinthemirror，thentouchingupthemirrorisnottheanswer．”heprobablymeantthat_____C_________.A．techniqueswillhelphumanbeingsworkbetterwiththeInternetB．wewillneverbeabletodealwiththeproblemoftheInternetC．whatweshoulddoistochangepeoplesbehaviourD．whatweshoulddoistochangethewholesystemoftheInternet今天，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)是一個(gè)巨大的、快速發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域。更小、功能更強(qiáng)和更人性化的設(shè)備幾乎天天被研發(fā)出來。查爾斯.巴比奇是英國(guó)的一名發(fā)明家，被稱作計(jì)算機(jī)之父。1823年，他研制了一臺(tái)可以計(jì)算并可以打印計(jì)算結(jié)果的機(jī)器，這在當(dāng)時(shí)是十分先進(jìn)的。遺憾的是這臺(tái)機(jī)器十分復(fù)雜，他沒能研制完成這臺(tái)機(jī)器。直到該世紀(jì)末，人們一直在嘗試研制一種效率更高的計(jì)算機(jī)器。但研制出的計(jì)算機(jī)器太大，占滿了整個(gè)房間，重達(dá)數(shù)噸。這些龐然大物并非真正意義上的計(jì)算機(jī)，因?yàn)樗鼈儧]有存儲(chǔ)器。.現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)利用復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)來處理信息，存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)可能是計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器也可能是存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的光盤或CD盤，數(shù)據(jù)可以是文字、數(shù)據(jù)、圖像，也可能是三者的合成物。與滿房間檔案盒存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)相比，現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)要多得多。現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器利用微電流，內(nèi)有數(shù)以千計(jì)的電路，經(jīng)致密壓縮成為微型“芯片”。在計(jì)算機(jī)讀出數(shù)據(jù)前，數(shù)據(jù)被轉(zhuǎn)換成帶有微型脈沖或信號(hào)的電子碼，這些信號(hào)由“芯片”內(nèi)微型開關(guān)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。因特網(wǎng)創(chuàng)始人文頓.瑟夫博士被人稱作因特網(wǎng)之父，無論在何時(shí)，他總是樂意回答他所遇到的人們就因特網(wǎng)提出的任何問題。20年前，瑟夫和羅伯特.卡恩創(chuàng)立了因特網(wǎng)，之后因特網(wǎng)得以迅速發(fā)展。1983年大約有50000個(gè)因特網(wǎng)用戶，現(xiàn)在因特網(wǎng)的用戶數(shù)量已達(dá)3.6億。當(dāng)有人問瑟夫是否料到因特網(wǎng)變得如此普及時(shí)，瑟夫博士回答說這一數(shù)字令人始料不及。他指出保密是當(dāng)今網(wǎng)絡(luò)面臨的主要問題之一，我們無法避免電子信函不被別人偷窺和監(jiān)控，電話系統(tǒng)會(huì)發(fā)生此類事情，電子信函也會(huì)發(fā)生此類事情。一些工具可以用來防范偷窺和監(jiān)控，但問題是掌握這些工具并非易事。他還指出因特網(wǎng)中出現(xiàn)的垃圾郵件和不受歡迎的東西如色情內(nèi)容令人煩惱，但阻止起來卻很難。他說從技術(shù)上講很難阻止這些東西，但因特網(wǎng)是人的一面鏡子，如果我們不喜歡鏡子里看到的東西，就不要觸摸這面鏡子。Passage8Doyouwanttovoiceyourcomplaintabouttheoilprice，concernsaboutnoisepollutionorsuggestionsontrafficjams?Doyouwanttosaysomethingaboutfilingyourincometax，registeringyourbusinessorgivingyourvotewithjustaclickonthemouse?AllthesewillcometrueinsuchbigcitiesasBeijing，ShanghaiandGuangzhouinthenearfutureasChinaracesintothefuturewithaseriesofITprojects．Peopleandbusinessesintheselargecitieswillhaveaccesstotheire-governmentwhenthewebsiteofferingawiderangeofgovernmentalinformation，policyandservicesstartsup．Soon，featureslikebusinessregistration，taxpaymentandbillingforwater，gasandelectricitywillberightattheirfingertips，officialssaid．Thenewwebsiteholdsoutthepromiseofaclean，clearandefficientadministration，theysaid．“AhugewebsitewillopennextyeartocombineallthegovernmentalagenciesinShanghaiandpeoplecanlogontoonlyonesiteforofficialbusiness，”saidaseniorofficialoftheInformationOfficeofShanghaiPeoplesGovernmentinchargeofthee-govemmentproject．Inarecentinterview，theseniorofficialsaidthatthecityadministrationwouldcreateaspecialfundfortheproject．Shanghaibegantomovegovernmentalaffairson-lineinJanuarylastyear，anduptonowabout55governmentagencieshavesetuptheirwebsites，providinginformationandservicestothepublic．Howevertheefforthasnotmetexpectationssofar.Informationisnotfrequentlyupdatedandservicesareverylimited．Citizenscannotgetinteractivewiththeagencies.Somemajorworkstillliesahead．“Traditionalmindsets(思想傾向)arehardtochange．Thee-governmentconceptisnotverywellreceivedbymanyandthatisthechallengefacedbygovernmentsaroundtheglobe，”saidToddRamsey，generalmanagerofIBMinchargeofglobalgovernmentindustry．However，e-governmentispartoftheglobalfuture．Worldwide，developedcountriesliketheUS，JapanandemergingmarketslikeIndonesiaandSingaDoreareengagedine-governmentprojectstoimprovetheirjobperformance．36．Whatise-government，accordingtothepassage?________D__________.A．ItisaprojectwhichwillmakecitizenshaveaccesstocomputersandtheInternet.B．ItisafutureplanofaseriesofITprojectsinbigcities．C．Itisanopenpolicytoofferawiderangeofinformationtocitizens.D．Itistheon-linegovemmentthatpeoplecanlogontoforinformationandservices.37．Inthenearfuture，citizensinbigcitiesinChinacouldexpectto____B_______.A．voicetheircomplaintaboutoilpriceB．paytheirbillswithjustaclickonthemouseC．filetheirincometaxD．begivensomespecialfund38.Theefforttomovegovermnentalaffairson-lineinShanghai