某年交大工程碩士英語考試真題

某年交大工程碩士英語考試真題2020年西安交通大學〔工程碩士〕專業(yè)學校研究生試題考試科目基礎英語考試日期2020年4月26日考試地點TimeAllowed:150MIN.PartI:StructureandVocabulary(20)SectionADirections:Inthissectionthereare30incompletesentences.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA.B.C.andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Peopleallovertheworldhavelearnedtosolarpowerasasourceofenergy.A.expendB.utilizeC.consumeD.destroyPleaseturnofftheTV.Thenoisewillyoufromyourwork.A.abstractB.distractC.subtractD.extractThepossessionoflanguageenablesmantopassonhishischildrenandgrandchildren.A.intellectB.intelligenceC.wisdomD.brainsItcanbehardworkteachingaclassofchildren.A.liveB.aliveC.lifeD.livelyTodaymanyyoungpeople'sambitionistofindawell-paidatamulti-nationalcorporation.A.jobB.workC.careerD.occupationTherewascompetitionamongyouthstoenterthebestcolleges.A.tenseB.intensiveC.intenseD.extensiveToenjoyapicniconthebeachismyfather'sfortheweekend.A.adviceB.proposalC.suggestionD.scheduleHeisjustamanofheightandhehasnodifferencesfromotherintermsofappearance.A.averageB.commonC.ordinary"D.standardTheenterprisethroughlackofsupport.A.collapseB.fallsC.fellD.collapsed

10.Educationshouldaimtochildren'smindtoitsutmostpotential.11.A.harnessB.cultivateC.useD.fosterMedicinehasalwaysbeenaverymale-dominated.A.occupationB.professionC.careerD.job12.Affairsbetweendoctorsandpatientsareamatterof.A.rulesB.moralsC.criteriaD.ethics13.Thisprojecthasbeengrantedanannualof$40million.14.A.fundB.paymentC.budgetD.capitalIcannotbelievethatitistospendsomuchmoneyonit.A.sensibleB.sensitiveC.sensoryD.sensational15.Onlypartofyourcharacterisinheritedfromyourparents.Therestcomesfromyour.A.surroundingsB.circumstancesC.environmentD.condition16.Whatwearetryingtodoistoyoungpeopletoberesponsiblecitizens.A.teachB.educateC.instructD.train17.Themodernworld'spursuitofmaterialendstotheneglectofitsneeds.18.A.spiritualB.intellectualC.mentalD.intelligentDuetoroadworks,threelanesoftraffichavetointotwo.19.A.divergeB.divertC.convergeD.divideIfheinaskingawkwardquestions,thensendhimtotheboss.A.continuesB.persistsC.proceedsD.insists20.TomisenoughtoaspiretoconversationalfluencyinChineseintwomonths.A.competitiveB.successfulC.energeticD.ambitious21.Scienceandtechnologyhaveinimportantwaystotheimprovementofagriculturalproduction.A.witnessedB.assistedC.attachedD.contributed22.Manypeoplebelieveweareheadingforenvironmentaldisasterweradicallychangewaywelive.23.A.butB.althoughC.unlessD.lestForprofessionalathletes,totheOlympicsmeansthattheyhaveachancetoenterthehistorybooks.A.accessB.attachmentC.appealD.approach24.ThenativeCanadianslivedinwithnature,fortheyrespectednatureasaprovideroflife.25.A.coordinationB.acquaintanceC.contactD.harmonyThemayorthepoliceofficeramedalofhonorforhisheroicdeedinrescuingtheearthquakevictims.26.A.rewardedB.awardedC.creditedD.prizedThe^Titerwassoinherworkthatshedidn'tnoticehimentertheroom.27.A.absorbedB.abandonedC.focusedD.centeredIntheMediterraneanseaweedissoabundantandsoeasilyharvestedthatitisneverofgreat28.?A.fareB.paymentC.worthD.expenseWiththeincreasingunemploymentrate,workerswhoare50to60yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe.A.laidasideB.laidoutC.laidupD.laidoffLungcancer,likesomeothercancers,oftendoesn'tproduceuntilitistoolateandhasspreadbeyondthechesttothebrain,liverorbones.A.symbolsB.trailsC.therapiesD.symptomsTom.diditevertoyouthatyouwouldbepunishedforcheatingonexams?A.strikeB.happenC.occurD.reflectSectionBDirections:Inthissectionthereare10sentences.Eachofthesentenceshasanunderlinedpart.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA.及C.andD.Choosetheonethatbestkeepsthemeaningoftheunderlinedpart.MarkyouranswerontheANWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.31.Behindtheseobviousridiculousmotivestoanti-Jewishattitudestherewasadeepercause.A.unreasonableB.sadC.reasonableD.encouraging32.TheyacknowledgedhimtobethetrueGod.A.receivedB.admittedC.thoughtD.believed33.Thesafetyfactorisprimaryinallunderwateroperations.A.perfectB.thefullviewC.maximumD.principal34.TheBasqueseparatistmovementiswagingacampaignagainsttheGovernmentA.conductingB.planningC.payingD.engaging35.TheLondonstockmarketsurgedtoitshighestlevel.A.movedbackwardB.repeatedC.supportedD.movedupward36.Hehascommittedsuchablunder,noonecansavehimthistime.A.madeB.metC.ceasedD.created37.Sophisticatededitfacilitiesallowcomplicatedmusicalformstobecreated.A.ExpensiveB.HighqualityC.CleverD.Complicated38.HewasescortedbyagroupofsoldiersunderthecommandofSarsfield.A.safe-guardedB.capturedC.arrestedD.lead39.Theyoungmandreamedthatarichrelativewoulddieandleavehimalegacy.A.heritageB.willC.houseD.lotofmoney40.Joywasnowhavingherhairdone,seatedonamatonthefloor.A.chairB.benchC.smallcarpetD.stoolPartII:Cloze(10)Ineverycultivatedlanguage,therearetwogreatclassesofwordswhich,takentogether,comprisethewholevocabulary.First,therearethosewords41whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversation,whichwe42,thatistosay,fromthe43ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociates,and44weshouldknowanduse45wecouldnotreadorwrite.They46thecommonthingsoflife,andarethestockintradeofallwho47thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled*'popular",sincetheybelongtothepeople48andarenottheexclusive49ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhand,ourlanguage50amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively51usedinordinaiyconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedperson,butthereislittle52tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our53acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's54orfromthetalkofourschool-mates,55frombooksthatweread,lecturesthatwe56,orthemore57conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular58inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual59ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled'learned",andthe60betweenthemandthe”popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.41.A.atB.withC.byD.through42.A.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learn43.A.matesB.relativesC.membersD.fellows44.A.whichB.thatC.thoseD.ones45.A.evenB.despiteC.evenifD.inspiteof46.A.mindB.concernC.careD.involve47.A.hireB.applyC.adoptD.use48.A.inpublicB.atmostC.atlargeD.atbest49.A.rightB.privilegeC.shareD.possession50.A.consistsB.comprisesC.constitutesD.composes51.A.seldomB.muchC.neverD.often52.A.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessity53.A.primaryB.firstC.principalD.prior54.A.tipsB.mouthC.lipsD.tongue55.A.besidesB.andC.orD.but56.A.hearofB.attendC.hearfromD.listen57.A.formerB.formulaC.formalD.formative58.A.themeB.topicC.ideaD.point59.A.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extent60.A.diversionB.distinctionC.diversityD.similarityPartIIIReadingComprehension(40)Directions:Inthispart,you7/readJivepassages.Aftereachpassage,therearefourquestionsforyoutoanswer,pleasemarkyouranswersonyouranswersheet.PassageOneWhileanythingcanhappenintheworldofgold,nooneexpectsbullionpricetoriseanytimesoon.DesperationsalesbyAsiancitizensandgovernmentshavebeendepressinggoldpricesformonths.Atthisautumn'spriceofaboutS290anounce.goldisgoingfor10percentlessthanlastfalland25percentlessthanin1996.Americanjewelrycountersbarelyreflectthatsteepdecline.AsurveybytheWorldGoldCouncilfoundthatAmericanspaidaboutS83forthetypicalpieceofgoldjewelrythissummer,down

about$2fromwhattheypaidin1996,"Mostretailjewelershaveloweredprices."saysMichaelPaolercio,CEOofMichaelAnthonyJewelers,oneofthenation'slargestmanufacturersofgoldjewelry.''Havetheyloweredthemdollarfordollar?No.”Shopperselsewherebuygoldjewelrywiththesharpeyeofaninvestor.ButU.S.shoppersgrabgoldlikeblindedmagpies,andtheyseemtodisregardprices.Ina1997surveyof2,107Americans,theWorldGoldCouncilfoundthat85percentdidn'tknowaboutthedailypriceofgold.Worse,almosthalfofthosewhothoughttheyknewwerewayoff.Asaresult,thecheapercostofrawgoldhasgenerallymeanthigherprofitsforretailers.ZaleCorp.,thenation'slargestjewelryretailer,forexample,sawprofitsrise36percentintheyearendingJuly31,whilesalesroseonly9percent.Thegoldbusinesshasalonghistoryoftakingadvantageofconsumers.Whiletodaymostjewelerswon'toutrightlie,manyholdbackinformationtomakeitdifficulttocomparison-shop.WhenaU.S.Newsreportervisited10jewelers,departmentstores,anddiscountoutletslastweek,onlytwoshopswerewillingtorevealtheweightofagoldnecklace.StilLitispossibletobuylow.ThattheretailjewelrypricesremainhighintheUnitedStatescanbeaccountedforbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT.AAsiancitizensandgovernmentshavebeensellinggoldBjewelrypricesdonotfallasmuchasgoldpricesdoCU.S.shoppersarenotsmartenoughDjewelryretailersgethigherprofitsWhatdoes"they"(Par.2,lastsentence)referto?ARetailjewelersBPriceCJewelsWhatdoes”wayoff”ALosingtheirwayCNotrightWhatdoes"outright”ARightfullyDJewelrymanufacturers(Par.3,lastCJewelsWhatdoes”wayoff”ALosingtheirwayCNotrightWhatdoes"outright”ARightfullyBGoingoutoftheirwayDGoinginthewrongdirection(Par.5,sentence2)mean?BWronglyCDirectlyDOpenlyThelastparagraphislikelytobefollowedbyAhowtoeducateU.S.shoppersofgoldjewelryBtechniquesofbuyinggoldjewelryCtechniquesofinvestingingoldjewelryDcasesinwhichsteepdeclineingoldpricesleadtosteepdeclineinjewelrypricesPassageTwoTeachersalwaysplandowntotheminutewhattheirstudentswillbedoing.Thisisgoodforkids,becauseitteachesthemtostayontaskandfollowaschedule.Butmosthomesaren'trunthisway.Ifparentsdoplantheirchildren'slivesmimitebyminute,whathappenswhenthatchildgrowsupandgoestocollege?Atsomepoint,kidsneedtolearntomanagetheirowntime.Thiscanbeoneofthevaluableskillsyouhelpyourkidsdevelopoutsideofschool.Butitgenerallywon^happenallbyitselfbecausethere'sabigtransitionthathappenswhenkidsleavethestructuredschoolenvironmentandcomehome.Ifyouhavekidstayaloneathome,thinkhardabouttryingtofindanadultwhocanbethereandprovidethesupportyourchildneeds.Ifasupportiveadultisn'tavailable,anexpertnamedMartinrecommendsyoufindanafter-schoolprogramledbyexperiencedprofessionalswhowillengagethemincreativeactivities,nourishthemwithhealthysnacks,andassistthemwiththeirschoolwork.Ifyouareathomeonthecontrary,totakesomebreakaftertheguysgetstartedondiversions,becauseit'shardtostopanddosomethinglikehomework.'Ifthatlittlebitofdowntimeistelevisioihgoodluck...gettingthemtodotheirhomework."saysaprofessorofchilddevelopmentatCaliforniaStateUniversity,'TVisaddictive."Abetterwaytohelpyourchildunwindiswithahealthysnack.'Waituntildinner,makeaplatefullofenergizingfood.Youcouldevendishuppartofthedinneryou'repreparingalittleearlyforthekids."shesays.Whileyou'resharingasnack,youcanmakealistofwhatyourkidswillgettododuringtheirstudybreaks.Thetypesofbreaksrecommendedincludeshootingbaskets,gettingadrink,usingthebathroom,orevenplayingaquickcardgamewithparents.Yourkidscanbetheonestodecidewhichbreaksthey'dliketotake.But,asFreimuthsays,yourchildrenwillhavetobehonestaboutwliatkindofbreakwillenergizethemandnotupsettheirmomentum.Themainpurposeofthispassageis.toprovidesomeadvicefortheparentsaboutchildren'seducationtoexplainhowtoprepareaprettysnackforyourchildrentoexplainwhytheparentsspoiltheirchildrentodescribechildreifslivesafterschoolThewords”thisway“inthesentenceButmosthomesaren'trunthisway"inthefirstparagraphmostpossiblymeans.tostayonthetasktoarrangeeverythingindetailstogivesomelessonstochildrentobehaveinthestructuredschoolAccordingtothepassage,theexpertnamedMartin,appearinginthesecondparagraph,mostprobablytakesupthefollowingjobsEXCEPT.aspecialistinchildreneducationaprofessionalconsultantinanafter-schoolprogramtheleaderofaresearchgroupaboutsports,suchasbasketballmostlythesameaswhatFreimuth(inthelastparagraph)doesAccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,theappropriatesnacksthattheparentsprovidewillupsetthechildren'smomentumexhaustthembylotsofdirtydishesC.makethechildrengetaddictedtoTVD.bringmoreenergytochildrenWhichofthefollowingisNOTreconmiendedforthebreakduringthechildren'sstudyafterclass?Shootbaskets.Playsomegameswithparents.Goouttodrinksomebeverageinabarforalongtime.Relaxabitbyusingthebathroom.PassageThreeAnAsianengineerwasassignedtoaU.Slaboratoryandalmostsufferedanervousbreakdown.AJapanesemanagerwaspromotedbyhisBritishpresident,butwithinsixmonthsaskedforatransfer.Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement.'Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture”,saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCalifornia-basedIRIInternationalInc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferingcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.*'NevershowtheshoetoanArab,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don'tflunkYESmeansYES”,advisesU.S.consultantLennieCopland,whohasproducedaseriesoffilms,andabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial"dos"and"don'ts"isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout.canbedisastrous.Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplains.*'Youtoldustobefair,andyouliedtous."accusedonesalesman.,Ittookmeayearandahalf”,sighedtheAmerican."torealizethatFAIR.tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofmistakenexpectations.’、HewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan/saidhisU.S.manager.”Butinourcompany,we'reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim.itwasemotionalstarvation.He'smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe'dbehumiliatedifItoldyouhisname,that'sanotherculturaldifference.TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldn'tbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors.'Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturalcommunicationwasalotofbaloney/saidEugeneJ.Flath.presidentofIntelJapanLtd.asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker.'Now,Icanseeit'sarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice.A，ThatiswhyInteLwithClarkeasconsultant,hasbegunaninterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericansandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.BuildingBridgesOverCulturalRiversMultinationalTrainingforBusinessmenLearningDifferentThinkingPatternsCommunicationProblemsandComplaintsFromthecontext,thewordbaloney?iscloseinmeaningto.A.balconyB.featC.nonsenseD.implicityWhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager?TheAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem.Thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient.Moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreases.Therewasamisunderstandingoftheword''fair".Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor.A.AmericanmanagersB.multinationalcompaniesC.JapaneseemployeesD.consultingfirmsWhydidthepromotedJapanesemanageraskforatransfer?Hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition.Hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself.Hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob.Helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors.PassageFourWhenDonaldTrumpfiredErekaVetrinionTVafewweeksago,hecitedherinabilitytocontrolheremotions.DuringthatepisodeofTheApprentice/aseriesinwhichMr.Trumpfiresonecontestantpershow,Ms.VetriniappearedoverwhelmedasshetriedtotallyreceiptsfromtheTrump-brandedbottledwaterherteamhadtosell.Expressingemotionisoneofthetrickiestworkplaceissues.Thereisanemotionalcomponentinallofourinterpersonaldealings,andmanyexpertssaythatwhileyourcognitiveintelligenceoftenplaysastrongerroleinhelpingyougethired,itisyour"emotionalintelligence"thatdetermineswhereyouendupinyourcareer.Ingeneral,emotionalintelligenceissimplyyourcapacitytodealeffectivelywithyourownandothers'emotions.Intheworkplace,itcandeterminehowconfidentyouare,howwellyoutaketheinitiative,howeffectiveateamplayeryouare.andhowwellyouhandleconflicts.ThenotionofemotionalintelligencewaspopularizedbyDanielGoleman.followingontheworkofclinicalpsychologistssuchasReuvenBar-Onwhocoinedtheterm'emotionalquotient"toassessemotionalcompetence.AccordingtoDr.Golemairrecentresearchshowsthatemotionsplayanimportantpartinwhogetspromotedandwhogetsfired.Ofalltheskillsthatdistinguishleaderswhoreachthehighestlevelsofcorporations,theonethatstandsoutistheabilitytokeepcalmunderpressure,saysDr.Goleman.whoinhisbook"PrimalLeadership"looksathowemotionalintelligenceaffectsleadership.Thebestleaders,heholds,arepeoplewhoarecomfortablewithemotion.Dr.Golemansaysanyonecanlearntoincreasehisorheremotionalintelligenceatanypoint.Thequickestandmosteffectiveway,hesays,istogethonestfeedbackfrompeoplearoundyouandtodevelopaproyourperceivedstrengthsandweaknesses.ThisstrategyhelpedPeterBenton.39,develophisleadershipabilitiesandgetassessmentsofhisemotionalintelligence.Workingwithacoach,hegothisboss,severalpeersandanumberofemployeeswhoreportedtohimtoprovidefeedback.AlthoughMr.BentonrecentlyleftJohnson&Johnson,wherehewasavicepresident,asaresultofarestructuring,hesaysthecoachinghelpedhimdevelopanumberofskillsathispreviouspost,includingmaintainingcalmunderpressure.Heknewhewasontherighttrack,hesays,whenasubordinatecameuptohimonedayandsaid."1don'tknowwhatyou'redoingdifferentlylately,butyou'reactinglikeadifferentperson,andIfeelwe'remoreofateam.?，F(xiàn)orpeopleinterestedinincreasingtheiremotionalintelligenceatwork,thereareagrowingnumberofassessmenttoolsthatcanhelp.TheGenosE.I.Assessment,forexample,consistsof64questionsandcanbecompletedinabout15minutes.CarmineLeo.aCornville,Maine,coachwhoisalsodirectorforemotional-intelligencedevelopmentservicesattheInstituteforProfessionalEmpowermentCoaching,workswiththetoolandsaysitprovidesawaytomeasureskillsbeforeandaftercoaching.Yetimprovingemotionalintelligencedoesn'tmeanerasingnegativeemotions.”Wesometimesgotoofarinkillingoffwhatisanecessaryamountoftensionandtheabilitytoresolvesituationsthroughargument/'saysHerbRappaport,aprofessorofpsychologyatTempleUniversity,whospendsathirdofhistimeasaleadershipconsultant.Prof.Rappaportsaysthathewasrecentlyhiredbyacompanytoworkwithanemployeewhohadbeenaccusedofverbalabusebutthathebelievedwasmerelybeingdirectandconfrontational.'Sometimestherearenegativeemotionsthatneedtobeprocessed/hesays.Prof.Rappaportalsocautionspeopletobewaryofcoachesadvertisingfastresults,sincemanybehaviorsaredeeplyrootedanddifficulttochange.'*Beingempathicisnotaskillyoucanteachinacoupleofdown-and-dirtylessons/hesays.ThepassagemainlytellsuswhatisemotionalintelligencehowtoincreaseyouremotionalintelligencehowthenotionofemotionalintelligencebecamepopularhowemotionalintelligencecouldaffectyourcareerWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutemotionalintelligenceisNOTtrue?Emotionalintelligencedetermineswhetheryou