4.2022屆高三二輪專題卷 英語（四）七選五（說明文）附答案解析

專題專題四說明文體類七選五XXXXXXXXX1(2020·濰坊市高考模擬)IfyouhaveaniPodoraphonethatplaysmusic,theSonyWalkmanmaylooklikeancienthistory.Butwhenitcameoutforty－oneyearsago,itcompletelychangedhowpeoplelistenedtomusic.__1__Smallportable(便攜的)radiosdidn’tsoundgoodandusuallycamewithjustasmallearphonethatwentinoneear.Therewereboomboxes—largemusicplayerswhichsoundedgoodandcouldbeturneduploud.Buttheywerehugeandheavy.Almostanywaysomeonecouldlistentomusicmeantthateveryonearoundthemwouldhavetolistentotheirmusic,too.OnJuly1,1979,Sonyintroducedaproductcalledthe“Walkman”.The“walk”partofthenamewasimportant.__2__Thesedays,weareveryusedtothatidea,butin1979,itwasprettyspecial.Anotherthingthatwasspecialwashowgooditsounded.Comparedtotheheadphoneswehavenow,thequalitywasn’tgreat.Butbackthen,thesoundamazedpeople.__3__Manypeoplethoughtitwouldn’tsellverywellbecauseitcouldn’trecordmusic.However,theWalkmanwashugelypopular.__4__Butwhoevermadethedevice,mostpeoplekeptusingthename“Walkman”.Onaphoneorothermusicplayerstoday,youmighthavehundredsorthousandsofsongs.ButtheselectionontheWalkmanwasmuchmorelimited.__5__Ifyouwantedtogotoacertainsong,youwouldneedtowindorrewindthroughtherestofthetapetogettothesongyouwantedtohear.ThecassetteWalkmanwasabigsuccess.Itstartedthetrendof“personal”musicthatledtotheiPod,theiPhone,andtheothermusic－playingdevicesweusetoday.A.TheWalkmanthencouldonlyplaycassettetapes.B.SoonothercompanieswereimitatingSony’sdevice.C.Italmostfeltlikethemusicwasplayinginsideyourhead.D.Thetapeneededtobetakenoutandturnedovertoplaytheotherside.E.Itmeantthatyoucouldlistentoyourownmusicasyouwalkedaround.F.ThefirstWalkmanactuallyallowedyoutoshareyourmusicwithafriend.G.BeforetheWalkmancameout，therewasn’tagoodportablewaytolistentomusic.【答案】1.G2.E3.C4.B5.A【解析】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了“隨身聽”的由來及其發(fā)展歷史。1.考查承上啟下句。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，當(dāng)隨身聽問世時(shí)，它徹底改變了人們聽音樂的方式。再結(jié)合第二段空后的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了隨身聽出現(xiàn)之前人們聽音樂的方式及其不便之處，故G項(xiàng)“隨身聽問世之前，還沒有好的便攜的聽音樂的途徑”符合語境。2.考查細(xì)節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)空前的“The‘walk’partofthenamewasimportant”可知，空處應(yīng)是對(duì)這一內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步闡釋，故E項(xiàng)“這意味著你可以在四處走動(dòng)時(shí)聽你自己的音樂”符合語境。E項(xiàng)中的“walked”與上文的“walk”之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系亦是提示。3.考查細(xì)節(jié)支撐句?？涨疤岬剑臀覀儸F(xiàn)在的耳機(jī)相比，隨身聽的音質(zhì)不是很好。但那時(shí)候，(它發(fā)出的)聲音讓人吃驚。由此可知，空處應(yīng)是對(duì)前面句子的補(bǔ)充，進(jìn)一步說明這令人吃驚的聲音，故C項(xiàng)“那感覺幾乎就像是音樂在你腦海里播放”符合語境。4.考查承上啟下句?？涨疤岬诫S身聽非常受歡迎?？蘸笳f但無論是誰制造這種設(shè)備，大多數(shù)人繼續(xù)使用“隨身聽”這個(gè)名字。故B項(xiàng)“很快其他公司開始模仿索尼的設(shè)備”符合語境。5.考查細(xì)節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)空前的“Onaphoneorothermusicplayerstoday...muchmorelimited”可知，現(xiàn)在，在手機(jī)或者其他音樂播放器上你可能有數(shù)百首或數(shù)千首歌曲可選擇，但隨身聽上的選擇要有限得多。由此可知，空處所述內(nèi)容應(yīng)與隨身聽提供的選擇有限相關(guān)。故A項(xiàng)“隨身聽只能播放盒式磁帶”符合語境。2A“gapyear”isaperiodoftimewhenastudenttakesabreakbeforegoingtouniversity,orbeforeapostgraduatecourse.__6__Thathelpsyoungpeoplewithusefullearningexperiences,newskillsandmakesthemmoreindependent.Employersanduniversitieswanttoseeevidenceofenterprise,maturityandcommitment.Manychoosetodovoluntarywork.ThiscouldincludeteachinginthemountainsinNepal,aconservationprojectinMadagascar.__7__ThetopfivetraveldestinationswereTibet,Indonesia,Taiwan,EasternEuropeandCanada.__8__Someyoungpeoplelookforworkiftheyneedtoearnmoneyforaccommodationandfood.Popularjobsincludebarwork,fruitpickingandbeingatourguide.JulieTaylorgraduatedfromHullUniversityandnowworksasamanagerinaninternationalcompany.Shesays:“Duringmygapyear,IspentfourmonthsinKenyateachingEnglish,artandphysicaleducationtochildrenaged8-18.__9__IamveryhappythatIdidn’theadofftouniversitystraightafterschoolbecauseIlearnedalotaboutmyself.Iworkedbeforehandtopayforthetrip,showingIhadgoodself-motivationandorganizationalskills,andIwasabletogetbyonverylittlemoney.Employersseethatclimbingtoanaltitudeof4,985mshowsstrengthanddetermination.__10__”A.Howdothestudentslikeit?B.Itisoftenspentintravelingorworking.C.Noteveryonecanputthatontheirresumes(簡(jiǎn)歷)!D.IamveryproudthatIworkedandtravelledalotthere.E.Lotsofgapyearstudentsjustwanttoseemoreoftheworld.F.ThenItravelledthecountryandevenclimbedMountKenya.G.Moststudentsforagapyeartakeonapart-timejobtosaveupforthetrip.【答案】6.B7.E8.G9.F10.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了間隔年和學(xué)生在間隔年的活動(dòng)。6.根據(jù)前句“A“gapyear”isaperiodoftimewhenastudenttakesabreakbeforegoingtouniversity,orbeforeapostgraduatecourse.(“間隔年”是指學(xué)生在上大學(xué)或研究生課程之前的一段時(shí)間。)”可知，這里介紹“間隔年”的定義和用途。所以選擇項(xiàng)B“Itisoftenspentintravelingorworking.(通常用于旅游或工作。)”符合上下文語境。選擇項(xiàng)中“It”代指前句中的“gapyear”。故選B。7.根據(jù)后句“ThetopfivetraveldestinationswereTibet,Indonesia,Taiwan,EasternEuropeandCanada.(排名前五的旅游目的地分別是西藏、印度尼西亞、臺(tái)灣、東歐和加拿大。)”可知，很多學(xué)生利用間隔年來旅游，多看看世界。所以選擇項(xiàng)E“Lotsofgapyearstudentsjustwanttoseemoreoftheworld.(很多間隔年的學(xué)生只是想多看看世界。)”符合上下文語境。故選E。8.根據(jù)前句“Someyoungpeoplelookforworkiftheyneedtoearnmoneyforaccommodationandfood.(一些年輕人如果需要掙錢住宿和買食物，就去找工作。)”可知，這里介紹為“間隔年”旅行需要做的準(zhǔn)備。所以選擇項(xiàng)G“Moststudentsforagapyeartakeonapart-timejobtosaveupforthetrip.(大多數(shù)學(xué)生在間隔年做兼職工作，為旅行攢錢。)”符合上下文語境。選擇項(xiàng)中“job”和前句中的“work”相一致。故選G。9.根據(jù)前句“Shesays:“Duringmygapyear,IspentfourmonthsinKenyateachingEnglish,artandphysicaleducationtochildrenaged8-18.(她說：“在我的間隔年，我花了4個(gè)月在肯尼亞教8-18歲的孩子英語、藝術(shù)和體育。)”可知，這里介紹JulieTaylor在間隔年的經(jīng)歷。所以選擇項(xiàng)F“ThenItravelledthecountryandevenclimbedMountKenya.(然后我游歷了這個(gè)國家，甚至還爬上了肯尼亞山。)”符合上下文語境。選擇項(xiàng)中“Kenya”和前句中的“Kenya”相一致。故選F。10.根據(jù)前文“Iworkedbeforehandtopayforthetrip,showingIhadgoodself-motivationandorganizationalskills,andIwasabletogetbyonverylittlemoney.Employersseethatclimbingtoanaltitudeof4,985mshowsstrengthanddetermination.(我提前工作來支付這次旅行的費(fèi)用，這表明我有良好的自我激勵(lì)和組織能力，而且我能夠靠很少的錢生活。雇主們認(rèn)為爬到4985米的高度顯示了力量和決心。)”可知，這里介紹JulieTaylor在間隔年所體現(xiàn)的良好優(yōu)點(diǎn)。所以選擇項(xiàng)C“Noteveryonecanputthatontheirresumes(簡(jiǎn)歷)!(不是每個(gè)人都能把這些寫進(jìn)簡(jiǎn)歷的！)”符合上下文語境。選擇項(xiàng)中“that”代指前句中JulieTaylor的良好優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選C。3MydadpassedawayyesterdayandIamprocessingeverything.It’shardtotryandfindpositivityinmypain,butmyDadtaughtmesomuchwhenhewashealthy,andwhenhewasn’t,Iwantedtosharesomeofthelessons.Beonthephoneless.ThisoneseemsstrangebutinhisfinalmomentsIwasallin,nocheckingmyphonebecauseitreallydidn’tmatter.__11__ThiswasamomentIneededtorememberandIwouldhaveregretteditifIwasdistractedinthispartofhisjourney.__12__SometimesweneedpeopletoleanonMymomanddadneededalotofhelp.Ineededalotofhelp.Weweresurroundedbypeoplewillingtohelpusandinsteadofshuttingthemoutlikewe'vedoneinthepast,welettheminanditwasexactlywhatweneeded.Noteveryonewillunderstandyourexperience.__13__Justknowingpeoplearehereforusmeansalot,butIalsoknowthatnoonewillfullyunderstandmyexperienceandthat'sokayaswearealldifferent.Familyisnotnecessarilythepeoplewhobroughtyouintothisworld.IamadoptedandIknowwechoseeachother.__14__Ialsolovedmyfatherverymuch.There’snothingmoreimportantthanbeingwiththeonesyoulove.IwasabletoholdmyDadwhenhetookhislastbreath.MymomandImadesurethatmydadknewhewaslovedthroughthisjourney.__15__Everythingelseissecondary.A.Allthatmatteredwashim.B.Loveiswhattrulymatters.C.Surroundyourselfwithasupportsystem.D.AndhelovedmemorethananyoneonthisEarth.E.It’sokaynottorememberthereasonforeverythingF.Really,wecanhandlemorethanweeverthoughtpossible.G.ThiswasalongandhardjourneyformymomandIandallofthosewhocareaboutus.【答案】11.A12.C13.G14.D15.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。作者講述了和家人在爸爸最后的時(shí)刻里一直陪伴爸爸，并用自己的親身經(jīng)歷給我們分享了一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)。11.根據(jù)上一句“ThisoneseemsstrangebutinhisfinalmomentsIwasallin,nocheckingmyphonebecauseitreallydidn’tmatter.”這條似乎很奇怪，但在他最后的時(shí)刻，我全神貫注，沒有查看手機(jī)，因?yàn)檫@真的不重要。以及下一句“ThiswasamomentIneededtorememberandIwouldhaveregretteditifIwasdistractedinthispartofhisjourney.”這是我需要記住的時(shí)刻，如果我在他的這段旅程中分心了，我會(huì)后悔的?？芍?，此處內(nèi)容與此時(shí)重要的是作者的爸爸有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)A“重要的是他?！狈项}意。故選A。12.根據(jù)下文“SometimesweneedpeopletoleanonMymomanddadneededalotofhelp.Ineededalotofhelp.Weweresurroundedbypeoplewillingtohelpusandinsteadofshuttingthemoutlikewe'vedoneinthepast,welettheminanditwasexactlywhatweneeded.”有時(shí)我們需要人們讓我媽媽依靠，我的爸爸需要很多幫助。我需要很多幫助。我們周圍都是愿意幫助我們的人，我們沒有像過去那樣把他們拒之門外，而是讓他們進(jìn)來，這正是我們所需要的?？芍?，此處內(nèi)容與讓周圍那些愿意幫忙的人幫助自己有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)C“給自己一個(gè)支持系統(tǒng)?！狈项}意。故選C。13.根據(jù)下一句“Justknowingpeoplearehereforusmeansalot,butIalsoknowthatnoonewillfullyunderstandmyexperienceandthat'sokayaswearealldifferent.”知道有人在身邊對(duì)我們來說意義重大，但我也知道沒有人會(huì)完全理解我的經(jīng)歷，這沒關(guān)系，因?yàn)槲覀兌际遣煌?。可知，此處?nèi)容與這是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)且辛苦的旅程有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)G“對(duì)我和我的母親以及所有關(guān)心我們的人來說，這是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)而艱難的旅程?！狈项}意。故選G。14.根據(jù)下一句“Ialsolovedmyfatherverymuch.”我也非常愛我的父親。可知，此處內(nèi)容與作者的爸爸非常愛作者有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)D“他愛我勝過世上任何人。”符合題意。故選D。15.根據(jù)下一句“Everythingelseissecondary”其他一切都是次要的。可知，此處內(nèi)容與愛才是真的重要的有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)B“愛才是真正重要的?！狈项}意。故選B。4(2020·濟(jì)南市高三年級(jí)模擬)Handwritingisquicklybecomingadyingart.Fewbusinessescanrunnowadayswithoutcomputers.__16__ResearchersfromPrincetonUniversityconductedastudytodemonstratethedifferencesbetweenstudentswhowroteouttheirnotesandthosewhotypednotesonalecture.__17__Participantsweretestedonthematerial30minutesafterthelectureandagainaweeklater.Andhandwritingemergedasthechampion.__18__Thetypershadasignificantedgewhenitcametonote－takingefficiency.Thetyperscouldcopydownsignificantlymanymorewordsthanthewriters,sometimeseventranscribingthecontentofthelecturewordforword.Butwhilemoreofthelecture’scontentwasretained(保留)onpaperwhentyping,itwasn’tnecessarilyretainedinparticipants’heads.__19__Onthetest30minutesafterthelecture,typersandwritersdidmoreorlessequallywellonquestionsaboutthebasicfactsofthelecture,buttypersfellbehindwhenitcametomoreconceptualquestions.Asforthelaterquiz,theresultsweresimilar.Studentswithhandwrittennoteswereabletorememberandstillunderstandtheconceptsofthelectureafteraweekhadpassed.Theseparticipantswerealsomoreopentounderstandingnewideas.__20__A.Theteststhattheparticipantstookprovedthis.B.Theefficiencyofhandwritingmightbestbenefityou.C.That’snottosaythattypingdoesn’thaveitsbenefits.D.Inthisstudy，thelaptopswereonlyusedtotakenotes.E.Generallyspeaking，typingalsohasitsowndisadvantages.F.Butwhatarewelosingashandwritinglosesitssignificanceinsociety?G.Clearly，writingbyhandisoneofthethingsthatcanmakeyousmarter.【答案】16.F17.D18.C19.A20.G【解析】本文是說明文。通過對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)說明手寫筆記比用電腦記筆記有更多的優(yōu)勢(shì)。16.考查承上啟下句。根據(jù)上文所陳述事實(shí)和下文提到的實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語境。首句“Handwritingisquicklybecomingadyingart”與該選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)osing和loses相呼應(yīng)。17.考查細(xì)節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)空前實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康暮涂蘸髮?shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知，此處是實(shí)驗(yàn)中對(duì)電腦使用的條件限制。18.考查段落主旨句。此空位于該段句首。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知該段陳述的是用電腦記筆記的優(yōu)勢(shì)。19.考查細(xì)節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)語境可知，空后內(nèi)容是對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的陳述，故A項(xiàng)符合語境。20.考查段落主旨句。所填句是對(duì)最后兩段實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的總結(jié)概括。5(2020·蘭州高三診斷考試)LearningtoGiveaPepTalk(打氣)Everyonewantstobethetypeofpersonwhogivesthecriticaltalkthatturnsaroundafriend’soutlook.However,givingagoodpeptalkisn’teasy.__21__.Youneedtonotonlylistenandunderstand,butalsostresstheotherperson’sstrengths.Youalsoneedtoknowwhentostoptalking.“Alotofpeoplethinktheyaregivingapeptalk,buttheyarejustsayingwhattheywouldwanttohear,”saysStacyKaiser,apsychotherapist(心理治療師)inLosAngeles.Insteadofinstantlytellingsomeonewhattodo,askhimwhatactionhehasthoughtabouttakingandwhyhethinksitwillbebeneficial.“Don’tjumprightinandinsist‘You’llbefine,’”saysKaiser.__22__.Repeattheconcernsforthepersonoutloud,sohefeelsheard.Then,showyourfriendthatyoubelieveinhimandthathehaswhatittakestogetthroughthishardtime.Stresshisstrengths.__23__.Youcan’tguaranteesuccess,butyoucanremindthepersonthathehasbeenthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgottenthroughit.Atlast,Kaisersaysyoumustknowwhentostop.“__24__.Don’targueifthepersondisagreeswithwhatyouaresaying.Instead,tellhim‘Iamsorryyouarehavingsuchahardtime.’Andthenbackdown.”Kaisersayshehaslearnedtogivegoodpeptalksbygivingbadones.Helostanumberoflovedonesduringashortperiod.“Timingiseverything.”Thereisatimetogiveapeptalk,andthereisatimetojustlisten.__25__.A.LetyourfriendhavehismomentB.GiveyourpeptalkandthenshutupC.ArguingwithyourfriendmakesnosenseD.ShowyourfriendthatyouunderstandwhyheissadE.Heisn’tinterestedinwhathisbestfriendsreallyneedF.ItrequiresanunderstandingofwhatyouraudienceneedsG.Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatpeptalksareabouthope【答案】21.F22.D23.G24.B25.A【解析】本文是說明文。主要論述了給別人打氣的方法，包括關(guān)心令朋友傷心的事情、注意傾聽、將時(shí)間交給朋友、選擇合適時(shí)機(jī)停止說話等。21.根據(jù)下文可知，你不僅需要傾聽和理解，還要強(qiáng)調(diào)別人的長(zhǎng)處，知道在什么時(shí)候停止說話；據(jù)此可以推知，你需要理解你的聽眾需要什么。故F項(xiàng)正確。22.根據(jù)后一句“Repeattheconcernsforthepersonoutloud,sohefeelsheard”可知，你要大聲說出對(duì)這個(gè)人的關(guān)心；據(jù)此可以推知，空處表示“要向朋友表現(xiàn)出你理解他為什么會(huì)傷心”。故D項(xiàng)正確。23.根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為該段主題句，根據(jù)空后的“Youcan’tguaranteesuccess...hasgottenthroughit”可以推知，該段主要陳述要鼓勵(lì)朋友看到希望。故C項(xiàng)與此處匹配。24.由前一句可知，本段主要陳述選擇時(shí)機(jī)停止說話；結(jié)合下文可知，在鼓勵(lì)朋友之后，選擇恰當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)停止說話，而不是和朋友爭(zhēng)論。故B項(xiàng)正確。25.根據(jù)上句中的“andthereisatimetojustlisten”可知，在給朋友打氣時(shí)要學(xué)會(huì)傾聽，將時(shí)間交給朋友。故A項(xiàng)正確。6(2020·福州市高三畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性練習(xí)卷)Youprobablythinkoffoodpoisoningassomethingthatyoumightpickupatagreasyspoonoranoutdoorbarbecuestand.__26__Thewayyouhandlefoodinyourownkitchen—which,unlikearestaurant,doesn’thavetoconformtohealthregulations—canjustaseasilymakeyousick.Herearesomemostoverlookedfoodsafetyguidelines.Washyourhandsproperly.Thismightseemlikethemostobviousfoodsafetypractice.However,mostpeopledon’tbothertodoit.Andtheminoritythatdoeswashdoesn’tdoitproperly—whichmightbeevenmoredangerous,becausetheythinkthey’reprotectingthemselvesandtheirfamilies,whentheyaren’t.__27____28__Chances