咨詢報(bào)告在數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)英文版

November17,1999NorthwesternUniversityHighTechClubCompetingintheDigitalEconomyAgendaIntroduction—WhatistheDigitalEconomy?DriversoftheDigitalEconomyNewBusinessPractices—WhatDoesitTaketoWin?Time-ValueCompetitionContentandcontainersIntelligentMarkets-theDigitalValueNetworkIntelligentexecution-competingoninsightIntelligentorganizationsIntroductiontotheDigitalEconomyDigital

EconomyThelastthreedecadeshaveseentheemergenceofadigitaleconomycharacterizedbyanincreasedemphasisoncomputingandcommunicationsThisincreaseduseofcomputingandcommunications(“digitization”)ischangingtheworldofbusinessIndustrial

EconomyPre-Industrial

EconomyPre-18501850-19601960-PresentThisperiodiscomparabletopreviouseconomicupheavalsandimpactsallindustriesNeweconomiesemergeattheinflectionpointofpreviouseconomiesandco-existwiththeirpredecessors170018001900AgriculturalEconomyIndustrialEconomyDigitalEconomy2000WorldEconomyPresentDayInformationisbecomingthekeyinput,whichischangingthewaybusinessesoperateandthenatureofworkRatioofExpendituresonInformationtoProductionTechnology19801975197019651983806040201820184018601880190019201940196019801995Notes: (1)Consistsofserviceworkers,includingpositionssuchasfinance,marketing,etc.inindustrialcompanies (2)ConsistsofphysicalworkersinindustrialfirmsSources:

“InformationTechnologyandtheCorporationofthe1990s”(1994),U.S.BureauofLaborStatistics(1996)U.S.EmploymentByOccupation

(PercentOfTotal)IT$PT$TypeOfWorker“KnowledgeWorkers”(1)“TouchLabor”(2)Agriculture

Digitizationallowsworktooccuranytime,anyplaceleadingtoadramaticincreaseinglobalactivityDriversReducedcostsofcommunicationImmediateaccesstoinformationRapiddiffusionoftechnologyIncreasedaccesstonewmarketsIncreasednumberofcompetitorsSources:F.C.C.,U.S.DepartmentofTreasuryU.S.DirectOverseasInvestment($Billion)1980199319801993ForeignDirectInvestmentInTheU.S.($Billion)1980199519851990OverseasTelephoneCalls($Million)InformationTechnology’sShareoftheGDPcontinuestogrow,fuelingtheDigitalEconomyDriversoftheDigitalEconomyAdvancesintechnologyandimprovementsininformationmanagementaredrivingdigitizationMetcalfe’sLawofNetworkValueGreaterStorageCapabilitiesCheap,DeregulatedCommunicationsInternetAccessPervasiveemailusageJavaandJiniFixedandremovableHarddrivesCD-ROMsDVDsTelephonesSatellitesFaxesModemsIncreasinglyDigitizedBusinessProcessesMoore’sLawofMicrocomputingMicroprocessorsPersonalcomputersWorkstations“Smart”products (Embeddedcomputing)Moore’sLawofMicrocomputingEvery12-18months,theprocessingpowerofmicrochipsdoubles103104105106107108109400480808086802868038680486PentiumPentiumPro80786TransistorsperChipDateMoore’sLawofMicrocomputingAndwitheachsuccessivegeneration,thepriceperMIPSplummetsMetcalfe’’sLawofNetworkValueThevalueofthenetworkgrowsexponentiallyasthenumberofmembersornodesonthenetworkgrowsNumberofMembersValueofNetworkExtranet/sharednetworkManufacturersDistributorsSuppliersLogisticsGreaterStorageCapabilityAswiththeincreasingprocessingpower(Moore’sLaw),storagedensityforalltypesofmediaisgrowingatastaggeringrateallowingdata,images,sound,andothermasscontenttobestoredandaccesseddigitallyDesktopHardDriveCapacityGigabytesMegabytesDesktopMemoryCapacityCheaper,DeregulatedTelecommunicationsTelecommunicationswasoneofthelastindustriestofalltode-regulationglobally——stillinprocess.Beforede-regulationwehadGrove’sLaw—telecommunicationsbandwidthdoubleseveryhundredyears(somewhatinjest).Wherede-regulated,pricehasplummeted,serviceandbandwidthhaveincreasedBandwidthtothehomeisrisingataratecommensuratewithMoore’sLawandthegrowthofstoragemediumModemSpeed/Type TransferTime9.6Kbpsmodem 2.3hours14.4Kbpsmodem 1.5hours28.8Kbpsmodem 46minutes128KbpsISDN 10minutes1.54MbpsT-1connection 52seconds4Mbpscablemodem 20seconds8MbpsADSLtechnology 10seconds10Mbpscablemodem 8secondsSource:FCC,CSDocketNo.96-496,1997;ADSLfromWerbach1997,p.75.PuttingitallTogetherWhentakentogether,thecombinedeffectsofincreasedcomputingpower,networkgrowth,storagecapacitygrowth,andbandwidthgrowthprovideentirenewcomputingcapabilitieswitheachsuccessivegenerationTheideaofareal-timevideophone——relyingonbandwidth,computingpower,andstorage——wasoncesciencefictionandisquicklybecomingarealityDistributingdigitalqualitypre-recordedandlivemusicandvideo,againrelyingonbandwidth,computingpower,andstorage,hasbecomearealityonlyinthepastyearForwardthinkingcompaniesareemployingthesenewtechnologycapabilitiestobreaktherules,transformingexistingindustries,andcreatingentirenewonesThisconvergenceoftechnologydevelopmentandresultantnewbusinesspracticesaremakingtraditionalbusinessmodelsveryunstableandforcingcompaniestocannibalizetraditionalmarkets,andadoptthesenewbusinesspracticesiftheyaretosurviveNewBusinessPractices—WinningintheDigitalEconomyTheadventoftheDigitalEconomyisaltering“traditional”businessparadigmsComputingerasesinformationasymmetriespreviouslyusedtoobtainmarketpowerDigitizationwillblurindustry,enterpriseandgeographicboundariesKnowledge,facilities,andcapitalwillbemoreeasilyaccessibleeliminatingtheexistingasymmetriesSupplychainsaremovedfromasequentialflowofinformationtoparallelactivitiesDigitizationwillenableimmediateaccesstoinformationbyallparticipantsProducts,services,relationshipsandfundsareexchangedandalteredsimultaneouslyThechangeswillimpactoperationsfirst,andultimatelychangethestructureofentireindustriesContentandcomputingstandardsreducehighswitchingcostswhichpreviouslycreatedexitbarriersforcustomersSeveralcharacteristicsshapethedigitaleconomyTime-ValueCompetitionContentandcontainersIntelligentMarkets-theDigitalValueNetworkIntelligentexecution-competingoninsightIntelligentorganizationsIntheDigitalEconomy,consumerswillhavetoomanychoices,toomuchinformation,andfartoomuchcomplexitytodealwith.Whattheywon’’thavenearenoughofisTIMEIncorporatingTimeintoyourofferingwillbecomeaprimarydifferentiatorofproductsandservices.UnderstandingandcommunicatingtheTime-ValueofanofferingwillbeakeytosuccessTime-ValuecompetitionTimeAvailableforDesiredActivitiesTimeAvailableforRequiredActivitiesConsumerPerceptionofTimeConsumptionAgriculturalIndustrialDigitalEconomyEconomyEconomyTimeValueCaseStudy——MobilSpeedpass“…toachievecompetitivedifferentiationandcustomerloyaltywithinourtargetmarket,wechosetofocusourstrategyoncustomerservicebasedonspeed(ortime)andconvenience.”——BrianBaker,President,NorthAmericanMarketing&RefiningWhetheryouhavethekeytagorthecartag,Speedpassusesanelectronicsystemlocatedinthepumpto“talkwithaminiatureradio-likedevice(atransponder)Together,theseelectronicdevicesprovide““instant””accesstogasolinebyautomaticallychargingfuelpurchasestothecreditcardyouselectedwhenyouenrolledTheSpeedpasssystemoperatesonadedicatedtransponderidentificationcode.YourcreditcardcoderemainsoutsidetheSpeedpasssignalsystem,maintainingtheconfidentialityofthatinformationandprotectingyouraccountfromunauthorizeduseTraditionally,productshavebeeneitherpredominantlycontainers(physicalobjectssuchasautomobiles,compactdiscs,videoplayersetc)orcontent(intelligencethataddsvaluesuchassoftware,printmedia,GPSsystemsetc)Themarketisdemandingintegratedcontentintensiveproductsandservices.MicroprocessorsarebeingintegratedintoallkindsofproductsallowingfortheincorporationofdigitalcontentandintelligenceIndustryAirlinePharmaceuticalAutomotiveChemicalContainerAirplaneDrug/TabletsAutomobileChemicalsLoadbalancinglogic,navigationsystems,securitychecksDosageschedule,Usageschedule,RefillreminderGlobalpositioning,selfdiagnosticmaintenance,securitysystemsConditionssuitabilitymonitoring,lot/expirationandusagetrackingContentandContainersContentContentandContainerCaseStudy——GMOnstarMedialEmergencyAccidentServicesRoadsideAssistanceConvenienceServicesIntelligentMarkets——TheDigitalValueNetworkValueChainsarebeingtransformed,theinternetandothertechnologiesareprovidingthecapabilitytofullyintegrateallplayerstoincreaseefficiencyanddelivernewlevelsofvaluetotheconsumerCustomersCustomersInfomediaryDigitalValueNetworkTraditionalSupplyChainInfo/NetworkPlatform=GoodsFlow=FundsFlow=InformationFlowCustomersCustomersMonorail’’svirtualbusinessmodelreinventsthenatureofcompetitioninthecomputerbusinessEndCustomersMONORAILFederalExpressSunTrustBankSykesEnterprisesSCIOrderprocessingShipping/DeliveryTechnicalsupportProductdesignProductmarketingManufacturingAssemblyWarehousingCreditInvoicing/CollectionsA/RmanagementIntelligentMarketsCaseStudy-MonorailIntelligentexecution-competingoninsightFarmer’sleveragesatellitemonitoringsystemstoyielddramaticsavingsonkeyinputssuchasseed,fertilizer,andinsecticideGaugemineral/nutrientcontentMonitoryield+AdjustdispersalMeasuresunlight+DetectdiseaseSource:CIOMagazine““LeanAcres”10/1/98AnalyzeIntelligentOrganizationsTechnologyismakingmarketsmoreefficient,andcreatingnewmarketsforproductsandservicesthatweretraditionallydonewithinthe4wallsofcorporationsAstechnologydrivesdownthetransactioncostsassociatedwithsourcinganykindofserviceandefficientmarketsevolvetofulfillthoseservices,thedefinitionof“firm”isbeingchangedCompaniesarebeingforcedtofocusontheirvalueaddedcompetencies——thosethingstheydowellandthathavetangiblevalueintheeyesoftheconsumerAnewformoforganizationwillemergeinthedigitaleconomy—oneinwhichallfunctionsthatarenotexplicitlyavalueaddedcompetencyaresourcedinanefficientmarketplaceIntelligentOrganizationsCaseStudy—GMGMhasevolvedfromafullyverticallyintegratedmanufacturerofautomobilestoanintegratednetworkofpartnercorporations.Thisisonlythebeginningsofatrulycomponentizedorganization.GMCoreFunctionsInformationTechnology:EDS,AC,IBM,etc.FinanceOperationsTier1SuppliersComponents/Sub-AssembliesTier2SuppliersIndividualPartsR&DProcurementDistribution&DealershipNetworkSales/MarketingGMValue-Added

CompetencyPartnerRelationshipsConclusionThedigitaleconomyisuponusAconsumerorientedwebastrategyIndustrieswillbereshapedApplyingtheconceptsof:Time-ValueCompetitionContentandcontainersIntelligentMarkets-theDigitalValueNetworkIntelligentexecution-competingoninsightIntelligentorganizations…aresomeofthenewstrategiesforthedigitaleconomy19、靜靜夜夜四四無(wú)無(wú)鄰鄰，，荒荒居居舊舊業(yè)業(yè)貧貧。。。。12月月-2212月月-22Thursday,December22,202210、雨雨中中黃黃葉葉樹(shù)樹(shù)，，燈燈下下白白頭頭人人。。。。03:20:1203:20:1203:2012/22/20223:20:12AM11、以我我獨(dú)沈沈久，，愧君君相見(jiàn)見(jiàn)頻。。。12月月-2203:20:1203:20Dec-2222-Dec-2212、故人江海別別，幾度隔山山川。。03:20:1203:20:1203:20Thursday,December22,202213、乍見(jiàn)翻翻疑夢(mèng)，，相悲各各問(wèn)年。。。12月-2212月-2203:20:1203:20:12December22,202214、他鄉(xiāng)生生白發(fā)，，舊國(guó)見(jiàn)見(jiàn)青山。。。22十十二月20223:20:12上午午03:20:1212月-2215、比不不了得得就不不比，，得不不到的的就不不要。。。。十二月月223:20上上午午12月月-2203:20December22,202216、行動(dòng)出成果果，工作出財(cái)財(cái)富。。2022/12/223:20:1203:20:1222December202217、做做前前，，能能夠夠環(huán)環(huán)視視四四周周；；做做時(shí)時(shí)，，你你只只能能或或者者最最好好沿沿著著以以腳腳為為起起點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的的射射線線向向前前。。。。3:20:13上上午午3:20上上午午03:20:1312月月-229、沒(méi)有失敗，，只有暫時(shí)停停止成功！。。12月-2212月-22Thursday,December22,202210、很多事情努努力了未必有有結(jié)果，但是是不努力卻什什么改變也沒(méi)沒(méi)有。。03:20:1303:20:1303:2012/22/20223:20:13AM11、成功就是日日復(fù)一日那一一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小小努努力的積累。。。12月-2203:20:1303:20Dec-2222-Dec-2212、世世間間成成事事，，不不求求其其絕絕對(duì)對(duì)圓圓滿滿，，留留一一份份不不足足，，可可得得無(wú)無(wú)限限完完美美。。。。03:20:1303:20:1303:20Thursday,