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翻譯精講翻譯精講1翻譯考題通常包含有難度的詞匯、語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所謂的考點(diǎn)。平時(shí)應(yīng)熟練掌握翻譯技巧,善于處理各類情況。翻譯考題通常包含有難度的詞匯、語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所謂的考點(diǎn)。平2一般翻譯的步驟有三個(gè):1、仔細(xì)閱讀原文,分析理解每個(gè)詞匯和句子結(jié)構(gòu),正確理解其含義;2、將原文擱置一邊,依據(jù)對(duì)原含義的把握用中文表達(dá)出來;3、將譯文同原文比較,補(bǔ)充漏掉的意思,作必要的調(diào)整與潤(rùn)色。一般翻譯的步驟有三個(gè):1、仔細(xì)閱讀原文,分析理解每個(gè)詞匯和3翻譯中切忌:1、不顧詞語在整個(gè)句子中的環(huán)境,按照自己有限的認(rèn)識(shí)機(jī)械死譯;2、逐字逐句翻譯,或一個(gè)蘿卜一個(gè)坑式的一一對(duì)應(yīng)翻譯;3、機(jī)械按照原文語序照搬翻譯成漢語,使?jié)h語語句不同,意義含混不清。翻譯中切忌:1、不顧詞語在整個(gè)句子中的環(huán)境,按照自己有限的4答題注意事項(xiàng):1、有把握的題盡量做到完善,拿滿分;2、沒把握的題也不輕言放棄,知道的全部寫出來,不知道的結(jié)合語境猜測(cè)意義編寫,不要留空;3、實(shí)在一點(diǎn)都寫不出來,就放棄,將時(shí)間用于其他題,切不可發(fā)泄性亂寫,既浪費(fèi)自己時(shí)間又引起批卷老師反感??傊?,力爭(zhēng)做到“知無不言,言無不盡”。答題注意事項(xiàng):1、有把握的題盡量做到完善,拿滿分;5一、詞義的選擇詞語的意義往往由語境,即上下文所決定。對(duì)詞匯的理解不能太偏狹、機(jī)械,而是在掌握其基本意義的前提下,結(jié)合詞語所處的具體的句子整體的含義,靈活處理,使譯文準(zhǔn)確和通暢。一、詞義的選擇詞語的意義往往由語境,即上下文所決定。對(duì)詞匯的6Shehadaheartsolargethateverybody’sgriefsandjoysfoundwelcomeinit.她的心胸開闊,無論誰的悲傷與歡樂都容得下。Shehadaheartsolargethat7Theissueofinsanityasadefenseincriminalcasesisattheinterfaceofmedicine,lawandethics.刑事案件中以精神錯(cuò)亂為理由進(jìn)行辯護(hù),這個(gè)問題涉及到醫(yī)學(xué)、法律、倫理道德等三方面問題。Theissueofinsanityasadef8Asalreadydiscussed,thedisease,ifpresentatall,isusuallyarathersteadyandcontinuousprocess.如上所述,此病一旦發(fā)生,就是頑癥。Asalreadydiscussed,thedise9Atthedawnofthe21stcenturyafreepeoplemustnowchoosetoshapetheforcesoftheInformationAgeandtheglobalsociety,tounleashthelimitlesspotentialofallourpeople,andtoformamoreperfectunion.在21世紀(jì)的黎明到來之際,自由的人民現(xiàn)在必須作出抉擇,明確信息時(shí)代和全球社會(huì)的各種力量,充分發(fā)揮我國(guó)全體人民的無限潛力,實(shí)現(xiàn)更完善的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一。Atthedawnofthe21stcentur10Thecountrynotagreeingwithher,shereturnedtoEngland.由于水土不服,她就回到了英國(guó)。Andthisindustry,visibletoourneighbours,begantogiveuscharacterandcredit.我們的街坊們看到我們?nèi)绱饲趭^,開始看重我們,給我們以好評(píng)了。Thecountrynotagreeingwith11Hecontendedthattheill-paidlabouringclassesoughttosavesufficientmeansintheirearlydaystosupportthemselvesinthedeclinetolife.他竭力主張,工資不多的各個(gè)勞動(dòng)階級(jí)應(yīng)當(dāng)及早積攢足夠的財(cái)富,以便在晚年維持生計(jì)。Hecontendedthattheill-paid12Ifwemustnotbeobsessedbythepast,weshouldnotentirelyignoreit.如果說我們不應(yīng)迷戀過去,那么也不應(yīng)該完全無視過去。Ifwemustnotbeobsessedby13Becausethebodydefensesystemisdamaged,thepatienthaslittleabilitytofightoffmanyotherdiseases.由于人體的免疫系統(tǒng)遭到破壞,病人幾乎沒有什么能力來抵抗眾多其他疾病的侵襲。Becausethebodydefensesyste14二、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換英語句子講究主謂結(jié)構(gòu),謂語只有一個(gè),非謂語形式和從句頻繁出現(xiàn),而漢語在一個(gè)句子中可以有若干個(gè)動(dòng)詞。通常把英語中的名詞、形容詞、介詞等翻譯成漢語的動(dòng)詞,尤其具有動(dòng)作意義的名詞和有動(dòng)詞衍生的名詞。二、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換英語句子講究主謂結(jié)構(gòu),謂語只有一個(gè),非謂語形式和15Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.了解一些世界史,對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)事是有幫助的。Afteranimpatientoathortwo,shegotherhairawayfromhereyes,sufficientlytoobtainasightofhim.她不耐煩地咒罵了一兩聲,把頭發(fā)從眼睛上撥開,才看到了他。Anacquaintanceofworldhisto16Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已經(jīng)用來探索宇宙。ItwasaclearandunemotionalexpositionofthePresident’sreasonsforwillingtobeginaChinese-Americandialogue.這篇發(fā)言明白無誤地、心平氣和地表明了總統(tǒng)希望開始中美對(duì)話的原因。Rocketshavefoundapplication17I,likeQueenVictoria,havealwaysbeena

believerinthatoldmaxim“moderationinallthings.”我與維多利亞女王一樣,一直信奉那句古老的箴言:“凡事適度”。Iamsogratefultomyfatherforhiscontinuousencouragementduringmychildhood.我非常感激我的父親,因?yàn)樵谖倚〉臅r(shí)候他總是不斷地鼓勵(lì)我。I,likeQueenVictoria,havea18Thegrowingawarenessbymillionsofpeopleoftheirintolerableconditionsoflifehadpromptedthemtorelinquishthepresentsocialsystem.千百萬人民日益認(rèn)識(shí)到他們那種難以容忍的生活狀況,這就促使他們放棄現(xiàn)行的社會(huì)制度。Thegrowingawarenessbymilli19Thewideapplicationofcomputerindesigningcanfreeusfromahostofcomplicatedwork.在設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域廣泛地應(yīng)用電腦可以把我們從許多復(fù)雜的工作中解放出來。Thewideapplicationofcomput20Inhandlingthematerialsofhistory,eachactofselectionisalsoanactofjudgment,andthereforethechargeofbiasisnevercompletelyanswerable.在處理歷史資料時(shí),每選一項(xiàng)資料就是作出一種判斷,因此不能說你就百分之百地沒有偏見。Inhandlingthematerialsofh21Ideally,oneday,researcherswillknowenoughaboutthegenesisofearthquakesandthenatureofparticularfaultstopredictquakesdirectly.最理想的情況是,有朝一日研究人員能夠?qū)Φ卣鸬某梢蚣熬唧w斷層的性質(zhì)有足夠的了解,從而能夠直接預(yù)報(bào)地震。Ideally,oneday,researchers22Hesometimes,asIthought,boremedownmorebyhisfluencythanbyhisstrengthofhisreasons.我覺得,他有時(shí)之所以能把我駁倒,不是因?yàn)樗睦碛沙浞郑且驗(yàn)樗目诓藕?。Hesometimes,asIthought,bo23Itisequallytheobligationofeducationtotrainthemindsandthetalentsofouryouth;toimprove,throughcreativecitizenship,ourAmericaninstitutionsinaccordwiththerequirementsofthefuture.同樣,教育有責(zé)任培養(yǎng)我們青年的思想與才智,并通過創(chuàng)新的公民義務(wù)教育,來提高美國(guó)的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu),適應(yīng)未來的要求。Itisequallytheobligationo24三、增詞與減詞Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.勇敢過度,即成蠻勇;喜愛過度,即成溺愛;勤儉過度,即成貪婪。三、增詞與減詞Courageinexcessbecom25Wetalkedaboutourselves,ofourprospects,ofthejourney,oftheweather,ofeachother—ofeverythingbutourhostandhostess.我們談到自己,談到前途,談到旅行,談到天氣,談到彼此的情況——談到一切,只是不談我們的男女主人Wetalkedaboutourselves,of26Theypaylip-servicetoeducationbutdon’tworkforbetterschools.他們口惠而實(shí)不至,口口聲聲支持教育,卻又不肯為改善學(xué)校條件做一些實(shí)際工作。Theypaylip-servicetoeducat27Thespiritofacampaignagainstpovertydoesnotcostasinglecent.Itisamatterofvision,ofsensitivity.開展消滅貧困運(yùn)動(dòng)的精神不需要花一分錢;這需要有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí),需要有敏銳的洞察力

Thespiritofacampaignagain28Scientificexploration,thesearchforknowledgehasgivenmenthepracticalresultsofbeingabletoshieldhimselffromthecalamitiesofnatureandthecalamitiesimposedbyotherman.科學(xué)的探索,知識(shí)的追求,是人類獲得了避免天災(zāi)人禍的能力。Scientificexploration,these29Sciencedemandsofmengreateffortsandcompletedevotion.人們要掌握科學(xué),必須作出巨大的努力并對(duì)之懷有無限的熱愛。Sciencedemandsofmengreate30Medicineisnotasciencebutalearnedprofessiondeeplyrootedinanumberofsciencesandchargedwiththeobligationtoapplythemforman'sbenefit.醫(yī)學(xué)不是一門獨(dú)立的學(xué)科,醫(yī)學(xué)是需要學(xué)問的職業(yè)。它深深地植根于許多學(xué)科之中。醫(yī)學(xué)的責(zé)任是要應(yīng)用科學(xué)知識(shí)造福人類。Medicineisnotasciencebut31TogettotheOlympics,athletesneedanabundanceofrawtalents,goodtrainingandwillingnesstosweatandsacrifice.若想?yún)⒓訆W運(yùn)會(huì),運(yùn)動(dòng)員需要有天資、良好的訓(xùn)練,并且愿意付出汗水和做出犧牲。TogettotheOlympics,athlet32四、英語結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)英語句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是全句的骨架核心和支點(diǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上衍生出其他修飾、限定、補(bǔ)充等附加成分,同時(shí)運(yùn)用其他結(jié)構(gòu),如各類從句、詞組、以及非謂語動(dòng)詞等,在邏輯上經(jīng)常把信息重心放在前面,即結(jié)果前,原因后;結(jié)論前,條件后;事實(shí)前,讓步后。四、英語結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)英語句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是全句的骨架核心和支點(diǎn),33漢語句子則少受主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的限制,語序一般按時(shí)間順序或因果邏輯順序逐步展開,先交代時(shí)間、條件、原因等次要信息,后表明由此產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果(即主句)。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)考慮到各自語言的特點(diǎn),英譯漢時(shí)不必拘泥于原文的層次結(jié)構(gòu),適時(shí)斷句,把樹型結(jié)構(gòu)變成直線性敘述,避免英式漢語漢語句子則少受主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的限制,語序一般按時(shí)間順序或因果邏輯順34Wecanonlyderiveinformationfromstudents’errorsifwearecapableofdescribingtheminanadequatemanner.我們只有對(duì)學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤作出適當(dāng)?shù)拿枋?,才能從中取得材料。Wecanonlyderiveinformation35Suchmasterycanonlybeachievedifthelearnerinternalizestheruleswhichdeterminetheproperuse.只有在學(xué)生把有助于做適當(dāng)選擇的有關(guān)規(guī)則變?yōu)樽约簝?nèi)在的東西之后,才能這樣運(yùn)用自如。Suchmasterycanonlybeachie36Theboy,whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreak,said,whenIspoketohim,thathewasveryhungry,becausehehadhadnofoodfortwodays.那個(gè)男孩哭得心似乎都要碎了,當(dāng)我問他時(shí),他說他已經(jīng)兩天沒有吃東西,實(shí)在是餓極了。Theboy,whowascryingasif37Theirfortress,builtonahill,commandedanextensiveprospectofthebrightandbeautifullakeanditssurroundingforests.從他們建在山上的城堡望去,可以遠(yuǎn)眺一片廣闊的地域,明澄美麗的湖泊及環(huán)繞湖面的森林也盡收眼底。Theirfortress,builtonahil38Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.(07試卷)十幾歲的孩子要抵擋住大眾文化浪潮而走自己的路越來越難了。Ithasbecomeharderandharde39Ifdemocracyistosurvive,itisthetaskofmenofthought,aswellasmenofaction,toputasideprideandprejudice,andwithcourageandsingle-mindeddevotion—andaboveallwithhumility—tofindthetruthandteachthetruththatshallkeepmenfree.要使民主得以存在,善于思索的人與敏于行動(dòng)的人都必須消除傲慢與偏見;他們要有勇氣,有全心全意的獻(xiàn)身精神,最重要的是要有謙虛精神,去尋求與傳播使人民永保自由的真理。Ifdemocracyistosurvive,it40Therearethosewhoviewthisprospectwithalarmfortheyfearthatcivilization,asweknowit,willbesweptawaybyjuveniles—ifnotentirelydelinquent,thenatleastobjectionable.有的人對(duì)這個(gè)前景頗感驚慌,因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心人類現(xiàn)知的文明將被青少年一掃而光,這些青少年即使不全是少年罪犯,至少也算得上是搗蛋鬼。Therearethosewhoviewthis41Sincetheinventionofthistechniqueatourlaboratory,ithasfounditswayintovariedapplicationsinthecommercial,industrialandmilitaryfields.自從我們實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)明這項(xiàng)技術(shù)以來,它的種種應(yīng)用已經(jīng)遍及商業(yè)、工業(yè)和軍事領(lǐng)域。Sincetheinventionofthiste42五、被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的處理(1)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)除了用“被”之外,還可以用“為…所…”,“是…的”,“加以”,“予以”等五、被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的處理(1)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)除了用“被”之外,還可以用“43Principlesmeanverylittleunlesstheyareactedup.原則如果不加以執(zhí)行,就沒有什么意義了。Mistakesmustnotbecoveredup.Theymustbeexposedbeforeyoucancorrectthem.錯(cuò)誤不應(yīng)加以掩飾,而必須加以揭露,才能加以改正。Principlesmeanverylittleun44Illnessmustbecorrectlydiagnosedbeforetheycanbetreatedwithmedicine.疾病必須先有正確診斷,才能用藥加以治療。Partorallofthelightmaybereflected,absorbedortransmittedbythethingorobjectthatcomesintoitsway.光的一部分或全部可能給擋住其去路的物體所反射、吸收或透射。Illnessmustbecorrectlydiag45Thedebategoeson,butonethingappearstobeclear:therelaxationresponsecanbeachievedbyanumberofmethods.(07試卷)爭(zhēng)論還在繼續(xù),但是有一點(diǎn)看起來是明顯的:放松效應(yīng)可以通過許多方式達(dá)到。Thedebategoeson,butoneth46(2)將被動(dòng)翻譯省漢語的主動(dòng),必要時(shí)對(duì)句子的主語作變換調(diào)整Manynewopportunitieswillbeopenedupinthecourseoftimeforthosewithauniversityeducation.今后,具有大學(xué)文化水平的人將會(huì)過的更多新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。(2)將被動(dòng)翻譯省漢語的主動(dòng),必要時(shí)對(duì)句子的主語作變換調(diào)整47Nothingthatthiscountry(theUS)didorcouldhavedonewithinthereasonablelimitsofitscapabilitiescouldhavechangedthatresult;nothingthatwasleftundonebythiscountryhascontributedtoit.美國(guó)在它能力的合理限度內(nèi)所實(shí)際采取過的,或本來能夠采取的種種措施,都不能改變這個(gè)結(jié)果;美國(guó)也沒有因?yàn)槲茨懿扇∧承┐胧┒俪蛇@個(gè)結(jié)果。Nothingthatthiscountry(the48Crimessuchasthisarenotusuallyowneduptounlesstheculprithopestogainsomethingfromconfessing.一般來說,犯人是不會(huì)承認(rèn)這類罪行,除非認(rèn)罪對(duì)他們有利。Crimessuchasthisarenotus49(3)將被動(dòng)翻譯成漢語的無主句Somuchhasbeenpublishedonallkindsofsubjectsthatevenaspecialistwhodevotedallhistimetoreadingcouldnotkeepupwithit.各類學(xué)科已發(fā)表了諸多材料,即使是整天看材料的專家也跟不上啊。(3)將被動(dòng)翻譯成漢語的無主句Somuchhasbee50Ajobsuchasthatisnotonethatshouldbethrownupwithoutseriousthought.這么一份好差事可不能等閑視之。Ajobsuchasthatisnotone51OrganizationalleadershipmustbemadefullyequaltothetaskofensuringtherealizationofthepoliticalslogansanddecisionsoftheParty.必須使組織上的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)完全保證黨的政治口號(hào)及其決議的實(shí)現(xiàn)。Organizationalleadershipmust52ThemostimportantpartoftheteachingofaplacelikeYaleisfoundinthelessonsofpublicspiritanddevotiontohighidealswhichitgives;thesethingscaninsomemeasurebelearnedfromdailylifeofthecollegeandthesentimentswhichitinculcates.在耶魯這樣的學(xué)府里,最重要的課程是為公眾服務(wù)的精神以及由此產(chǎn)生的獻(xiàn)身于崇高理想的品質(zhì)。在一定程度上,這些可以從大學(xué)的日常生活及大學(xué)教誨的情操中學(xué)到。Themostimportantpartofthe53六、定語從句的處理定語從句一般有三種譯法:簡(jiǎn)短的從句處理成漢語相應(yīng)的定語,若從句較長(zhǎng)且結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,可重復(fù)所修飾的名詞另譯成一句,有時(shí)依據(jù)原文的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系將從句處理成漢語的狀語,這時(shí)需要添加表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、轉(zhuǎn)折等連詞。六、定語從句的處理定語從句一般有三種譯法:簡(jiǎn)短的從句處理成漢54One’sthoughtmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.一個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)把心思放在未來,放到可以有所作為的事情上。One’sthoughtmustbedirected55Inspiteofthetitle,thisarticlewillreallybeonhownottogrowold,which,atmytimeoflife,isamuchmoreimportantsubject.盡管有這樣一個(gè)標(biāo)題,這篇文章真正要談的卻是如何不變老。在我這個(gè)年齡,這實(shí)在是一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的問題。Inspiteofthetitle,thisar56Thereisnowasingleacceptedpronunciationforthevastmajorityofwordsinordinarypoliteuse,deviationfromwhichisregardedeitherasaprovincialismorasavulgarism.現(xiàn)今日常社交所用的大多數(shù)讀音已有了一個(gè)公認(rèn)的統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。不符合這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),就被稱為方言或粗俗發(fā)音。Thereisnowasingleaccepted57Therecanbenocriticismofthecustom,buttheremaybeanunfortunateeffectthatprolongedroutineworkdullstheimagination.(06試卷)這種習(xí)慣做法不會(huì)招致什么批評(píng),但也許會(huì)有一種不好的作用—長(zhǎng)久的日常工作削弱想象力。Therecanbenocriticismoft58Wesupporttheopentradingsystemwhichistotheultimateadvantageofall.我們支持開放的貿(mào)易制度,因?yàn)樗罱K對(duì)各方都是有益的。Shewasverypatienttowardthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.她對(duì)孩子門很有耐心,而她丈夫卻很少這樣。Wesupporttheopentradingsy59Theambassadorwasgivingadinnerforafewpeoplewhomhewishedespeciallytotalktoorhearfrom.大使只宴請(qǐng)了幾個(gè)人,因?yàn)樗氐叵牒瓦@些人談?wù)?,聽聽他們的意見。Theambassadorwasgivingadi60Itmayseemsomewhatoddtogetwaterfromfire,butweshallfindthatwaterisacommonby-productofanyfireinwhichhydrogentakespart.從火中取水,這聽起來似乎有些離奇,但我們發(fā)現(xiàn),水乃是火的一種常見的副產(chǎn)品,只要有氫參與燃燒的話。Itmayseemsomewhatoddtoge61Computers,whichhavemanyadvantages,cannotcarryoutcreativeworknorreplaceman.盡管電腦有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但它們不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的工作,也代替不了人。Computers,whichhavemanyadv62七、比較結(jié)構(gòu)的理解與翻譯英語中比較結(jié)構(gòu)運(yùn)用頻繁,常常表示類比、取舍、肯定或否定等多種意義。故而在理解與表達(dá)時(shí)不能簡(jiǎn)單地視其為比較概念,而應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況作靈活處理。七、比較結(jié)構(gòu)的理解與翻譯英語中比較結(jié)構(gòu)運(yùn)用頻繁,常常表示類比63Whetheryoudieatayoungageorwhenyouareolderislessimportantthanwhetheryouhavefullylivedtheyearsyouhavehad.人的一生不在于你能活多久,更重要的是你是否活得很充實(shí)。Whetheryoudieatayoungage64TheconveniencesthatAmericansdesirereflectnotsomuchaleisurelylifestyleasbusylifestyleinwhichevenminutesoftimeistoovaluabletobewasted.美國(guó)人所需要的各種方便之物與其說反映了一種從容不迫的生活方式,還不如說反映了一種忙碌的生活方式,在這種忙碌的生活中甚至幾分鐘的時(shí)間都得珍惜。TheconveniencesthatAmerican65Ifindthisratherchilling,lessbecauseofwhatitsaysabouttheteenagersthanwhatitsaysabouttheirparents.這使我不寒而栗,倒不是因?yàn)槟切┯嘘P(guān)青少年的說法,而是因?yàn)殛P(guān)于他們父母的言論。Nocomplaintismorecommonthanthatofascarcityofmoney.最普遍的抱怨莫過于說錢不夠用。Ifindthisratherchilling,l66Manyactivepeopleareoftheopinionthattheslightestgrainofresignation,thefaintestgleamofhumour,woulddestroytheenergywithwhichtheydotheirworkandthedeterminationbywhich,astheybelieve,theyachievesuccess.許多忙碌的人認(rèn)為,哪怕一丁點(diǎn)兒的舍棄,一丁點(diǎn)兒的幽默,足以破壞他們做事的精力,破壞他們自以為能帶來成功的決心。Manyactivepeopleareofthe67Thetimingofthiseventcouldnotbemoreappropriate,asweallawaitthepresentationnextmonthofthecommission'sformalproposalsforreformoftheCommonAgriculturalPolicy.此次會(huì)議的時(shí)間是再合適不過了,正值我們等待委員會(huì)下月正式提出(歐盟)共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策改革計(jì)劃時(shí)期。Thetimingofthiseventcould68Thereareasmanydifferentlibraryservicesastherearetypesofpeoplewhousethem.(07試卷)圖書館的服務(wù)種類之多,足以滿足不同使用者的需要。Thereareasmanydifferentli69Thebeautyofourcountry(GreatBritain)isashardtodefineasitiseasytoenjoy.人們一方面可以悠然享受英倫之美,另一方面卻難以將她的美麗付諸筆墨。Thebeautyofourcountry(Gre70Hewouldsaytome,"OldPontifexwasnotonlyanableman,buthewasoneoftheveryablestmenthateverIknew."ThiswasmorethanIasayoungmanwaspreparedtostand.他總是對(duì)我說:“老龐蒂費(fèi)克斯不僅是個(gè)能干人,而且是我所知最有才干的人之一?!痹谖疫€年輕氣盛的時(shí)候,聽了這話哪里受得了。Hewouldsaytome,"OldPonti71八、否定的理解與翻譯英語中各種否定結(jié)構(gòu)的理解(包括雙重否定、強(qiáng)調(diào)否定、部分否定、和否定含義的轉(zhuǎn)移,即否定其它成分而非謂語)是正確翻譯的前提,切不可望文生義,想當(dāng)然地簡(jiǎn)單處理。八、否定的理解與翻譯英語中各種否定結(jié)構(gòu)的理解(包括雙重否定、72Duringfourverydifficultyears,thetwoCuriesnevermadeanexperimentwithoutweighingandboilingandmeasuringandcalculatingandthinking.在艱苦的四年中,居里夫婦每次做實(shí)驗(yàn),總要稱重、煮沸、測(cè)量、計(jì)算并思考。Duringfourverydifficultyea73Wedon’tbelievethatourmothertongueisinferiortoanyotherlanguageintheworld.我們相信,祖國(guó)的語言并不遜色于世界上任何其他語言。Wedon’tbelievethatourmoth74Idonotbelieveinafatethatwillfallonusnomatterwhatwedo.Idobelieveinafatethatwillfallonusifwedonothing.我決不相信無論我們?cè)鯓幼龆疾豢杀苊饽骋欢蜻\(yùn)。我卻相信如果我們碌碌無為厄運(yùn)將降臨我們頭上。Idonotbelieveinafatetha75Wecannotrecommendthisbooktoostrongly.這本書很好,無論如何推薦,也不過分。Itisnottobedeniedthatnosacrificeistoogreattoavertacatastrophe.不容否認(rèn),為了避免大災(zāi)難,再大的犧牲也不算大。Wecannotrecommendthisbook76China’spotentialcontribution,asoneoftheworld’slargesteconomiesandaleadingfigureinworldaffairs,cannotbeoverexaggerated.中國(guó)作為世界上最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)之一和國(guó)際事務(wù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,其潛在的貢獻(xiàn)無論怎樣夸大都不為過。China’spotentialcontribution77Justbecausethematterhadalwaysbeenhiddenfromus,itintriguedusthemore,whenfirstrevealed.正因?yàn)檫@件事一直不讓我們知道,所以一旦暴露出來,大家都特別好奇。Justbecausethematterhadal78Eternaltruthswillbeneithertruenoreternalunlesstheyhavefreshmeaningforeverynewsocialsituation.永恒的真理如果不在新的社會(huì)形勢(shì)下賦予新的意義,就既不是真理,也不是永恒的了。Eternaltruthswillbeneither79九、一些詞組和結(jié)構(gòu)(1)主語從句一般翻譯成“…的”結(jié)構(gòu),或主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)做譯文的主語,其余部分仍按原文順序處理。其他名詞性從句可根據(jù)語境補(bǔ)充名詞而不必譯出whatever,whoever等連詞九、一些詞組和結(jié)構(gòu)(1)主語從句一般翻譯成“…的”結(jié)構(gòu),或主80Whateverhesawandheardonhistripgavehimaverydeepimpression.他此行所見所聞都給他留下了深刻的印象。Whoeverfailstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.誰要是看不到這點(diǎn),就要犯極大的錯(cuò)誤。Whateverhesawandheardonh81Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.這里說的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。Whatcomesbeforerealizationiscontemplation.Ifyouavoidcontemplation,youwillnevergettotherealization.實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃之前必須深思熟慮。如果你不加思考,就絕對(duì)不可能使計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)現(xiàn)。Whateverwassaidheremustbe82Whatheemphasizedoverandoveragainwasthat,nomatterhowdifficultitmightbe,theyshouldneverretreatevenforaninch.他再三強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,不管多么困難,他們決不應(yīng)該后退寸步。Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.每一種生物都有控制自己行為的時(shí)鐘,科學(xué)家稱之為生物鐘。Whatheemphasizedoverandov83Itdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencewhetherheattendsthemeetingornot.他參不參加會(huì)議沒多大關(guān)系。Shewasneversatisfiedwithwhatshehadachieved.她從不滿足于她取得的成就。Wecanassigntheworktowhoeverisreliable.我們可以把這項(xiàng)任務(wù)交給任何可靠的人。

Itdoesn’tmakemuchdifferenc84Astotheprecisevalueofthisinitialfundofknowledge,thisdependstoagreatdegreeonhowithasbeenacquiredandonwhohasbeenimpartingit.至于這種最初積累起來的知識(shí)有多大確切的價(jià)值,這在很大程度上取決于獲得知識(shí)的方法和傳授知識(shí)的人。Astotheprecisevalueofthi85(2)同位語可將其處理成動(dòng)詞,變?yōu)橹骶涞闹^語。也可將其提前至句首。Anobedientson,Ihadacceptedmyfather’sdecisionthatIwastobeadoctor,thoughtheprospectinterestedmenotatall.作為一個(gè)孝順的兒子,我接受了父親的決定,要當(dāng)醫(yī)生,雖然我對(duì)這樣的前途毫無興趣。(2)同位語可將其處理成動(dòng)詞,變?yōu)橹骶涞闹^語。也可將其提前至86Wedemandedaguaranteethatnosimilarincidentwouldoccuragain.我們要求保證不再發(fā)生類似事件。Itdoesnotalterthefactthatheisthemanresponsibleforthedelay.延遲應(yīng)由他負(fù)責(zé),這個(gè)事實(shí)是改變不了的。Wedemandedaguaranteethatn87Therecanbenodoubtthatheisqualifiedforthejob.他有資格勝任這個(gè)工作,這是毫無疑問的。Butconsideredrealistically,wehadtofacethefactthatourprospectswerelessthangood.但是現(xiàn)實(shí)地考慮一下,我們不得不正視這樣的事實(shí):我們的前景并不妙。Therecanbenodoubtthathe88(3)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)可將倒裝部分恢復(fù)原處,或識(shí)別出語法結(jié)構(gòu),然后酌情處理。Hadthisarticlebeenascientificanalysisontheexperiment,itwouldhavebeenuseful.假定這篇文章的內(nèi)容是科學(xué)分析那次實(shí)驗(yàn)的話,則本來是有所裨益的。Littledowesuspectthattheregionisrichinwaterresources.這一地區(qū)水利資源豐富,我們對(duì)此深信不疑。(3)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)可將倒裝部分恢復(fù)原處,或識(shí)別出語法結(jié)構(gòu),然后酌89Simpleasthequestionmayseem,itisnotatallcommoninnature.這問題似乎簡(jiǎn)單,但實(shí)質(zhì)上它一點(diǎn)也不一般。Wecallconductorsthosematerialswhichallowelectricitytopasseasily.我們把容許電流暢通的那些材料稱為導(dǎo)體。Simpleasthequestionmaysee90Butneverforgetthatsuchoperationsarepainfulexperiences,howevergoodtheresults.Andatwhatpointshouldyoustoptreatingtheoldbody?(06年試卷)但千萬不要忘記,不管其結(jié)果會(huì)有多好,這樣的保養(yǎng)會(huì)是痛苦的經(jīng)歷。此外,你又該在何時(shí)停止保養(yǎng)衰老的肌體呢?Butneverforgetthatsuchope91Exerciseismostimportanttohealth,thereportemphasizes;thoughitdoesn’tnecessarilyreduceweight,itmaintainsthecorrectproportionofbodyfattobodymuscle.(05試卷)該報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)身體健康非常重要,盡管運(yùn)動(dòng)不一定會(huì)減少體重,但卻使人體的肌肉和脂肪保持適當(dāng)?shù)谋壤xerciseismostimportantto92BeforeManycenturieshadpassedbeforemanlearnedtomakefire.過了好幾個(gè)世紀(jì),人類才學(xué)會(huì)取火。Theboyfelldownfromtheladderbeforeheknewit.那個(gè)男孩不知怎么就從梯子上摔了下來。BeforeManycenturieshadpasse93Itmaybesomegenerationsbeforetheaveragemindgraspstheidentityoftimeandspace,andsoon.可能要等到幾代人之后,一般人才能認(rèn)識(shí)到時(shí)間、空間等的同一性。Anewprinciplemustbetestedinpracticebeforeitcanbecertainthatitisvaluable.一個(gè)新的定理必須先經(jīng)過實(shí)踐的檢驗(yàn),才能肯定是否有價(jià)值。Itmaybesomegenerationsbef94Insteadof/ratherthanInsteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.(07年試卷)他們當(dāng)中大多數(shù)人不是勇敢地闖自己的路,而是為了放心而互相緊牽著手。Insteadof/ratherthanInstead95So/such…thatMostcometsaresodimthattheycannotbeseenbythenakedeye.大多數(shù)彗星都很暗,肉眼是看不見的。ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.這本書是用初學(xué)者也能讀懂的淺易英文寫的。So/such…thatMostcometsareso96UntilThevalueofhealthisnotesteemeduntilitislost.人要到失去了健康,才知道健康的可貴。Don’twaituntilproblemspileupandcausealotoftroublebeforetryingtosolvethem.不要等到問題成了堆,鬧出了許多亂子,然后才去解決。UntilThevalueofhealthisno97Notuntil1925wasthesubjectapproachedwiththescientificmethod.直到1925年,人們才以科學(xué)的方法對(duì)這門學(xué)科進(jìn)行了研究。Thisknowledge,evenifapparentlysound,touchesonlytheverysurfaceofallphenomena.即使這種知識(shí)看來是可靠的,它只觸及到所有現(xiàn)象的膚淺的表面。Notuntil1925wasthesubject98Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthathumanbeingscaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really”are.Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.大多數(shù)當(dāng)代物理學(xué)家不認(rèn)為人類會(huì)最終發(fā)現(xiàn)這些神秘力量的“真實(shí)面目”。這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)直到近代才被科學(xué)家所認(rèn)同。Mostcontemporaryphysicistsr99Inthat因?yàn)門heschemediffersfromthecommonmethodofaccountingfortheoriginofouraffectioninthatitsupposeswhatispersonalorselfishinouraffectionstobethegrowthoftimeandhabit.這個(gè)方案與解釋我們情感的起源所使用的普遍方法不同,因?yàn)樗盐覀兦楦兄袀€(gè)人方面的乃至自私的東西,看成是時(shí)間和習(xí)慣的產(chǎn)物。Inthat因?yàn)門heschemediffersf100翻譯精講翻譯精講101翻譯考題通常包含有難度的詞匯、語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所謂的考點(diǎn)。平時(shí)應(yīng)熟練掌握翻譯技巧,善于處理各類情況。翻譯考題通常包含有難度的詞匯、語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所謂的考點(diǎn)。平102一般翻譯的步驟有三個(gè):1、仔細(xì)閱讀原文,分析理解每個(gè)詞匯和句子結(jié)構(gòu),正確理解其含義;2、將原文擱置一邊,依據(jù)對(duì)原含義的把握用中文表達(dá)出來;3、將譯文同原文比較,補(bǔ)充漏掉的意思,作必要的調(diào)整與潤(rùn)色。一般翻譯的步驟有三個(gè):1、仔細(xì)閱讀原文,分析理解每個(gè)詞匯和103翻譯中切忌:1、不顧詞語在整個(gè)句子中的環(huán)境,按照自己有限的認(rèn)識(shí)機(jī)械死譯;2、逐字逐句翻譯,或一個(gè)蘿卜一個(gè)坑式的一一對(duì)應(yīng)翻譯;3、機(jī)械按照原文語序照搬翻譯成漢語,使?jié)h語語句不同,意義含混不清。翻譯中切忌:1、不顧詞語在整個(gè)句子中的環(huán)境,按照自己有限的104答題注意事項(xiàng):1、有把握的題盡量做到完善,拿滿分;2、沒把握的題也不輕言放棄,知道的全部寫出來,不知道的結(jié)合語境猜測(cè)意義編寫,不要留空;3、實(shí)在一點(diǎn)都寫不出來,就放棄,將時(shí)間用于其他題,切不可發(fā)泄性亂寫,既浪費(fèi)自己時(shí)間又引起批卷老師反感??傊?zhēng)做到“知無不言,言無不盡”。答題注意事項(xiàng):1、有把握的題盡量做到完善,拿滿分;105一、詞義的選擇詞語的意義往往由語境,即上下文所決定。對(duì)詞匯的理解不能太偏狹、機(jī)械,而是在掌握其基本意義的前提下,結(jié)合詞語所處的具體的句子整體的含義,靈活處理,使譯文準(zhǔn)確和通暢。一、詞義的選擇詞語的意義往往由語境,即上下文所決定。對(duì)詞匯的106Shehadaheartsolargethateverybody’sgriefsandjoysfoundwelcomeinit.她的心胸開闊,無論誰的悲傷與歡樂都容得下。Shehadaheartsolargethat107Theissueofinsanityasadefenseincriminalcasesisattheinterfaceofmedicine,lawandethics.刑事案件中以精神錯(cuò)亂為理由進(jìn)行辯護(hù),這個(gè)問題涉及到醫(yī)學(xué)、法律、倫理道德等三方面問題。Theissueofinsanityasadef108Asalreadydiscussed,thedisease,ifpresentatall,isusuallyarathersteadyandcontinuousprocess.如上所述,此病一旦發(fā)生,就是頑癥。Asalreadydiscussed,thedise109Atthedawnofthe21stcenturyafreepeoplemustnowchoosetoshapetheforcesoftheInformationAgeandtheglobalsociety,tounleashthelimitlesspotentialofallourpeople,andtoformamoreperfectunion.在21世紀(jì)的黎明到來之際,自由的人民現(xiàn)在必須作出抉擇,明確信息時(shí)代和全球社會(huì)的各種力量,充分發(fā)揮我國(guó)全體人民的無限潛力,實(shí)現(xiàn)更完善的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一。Atthedawnofthe21stcentur110Thecountrynotagreeingwithher,shereturnedtoEngland.由于水土不服,她就回到了英國(guó)。Andthisindustry,visibletoourneighbours,begantogiveuscharacterandcredit.我們的街坊們看到我們?nèi)绱饲趭^,開始看重我們,給我們以好評(píng)了。Thecountrynotagreeingwith111Hecontendedthattheill-paidlabouringclassesoughttosavesufficientmeansintheirearlydaystosupportthemselvesinthedeclinetolife.他竭力主張,工資不多的各個(gè)勞動(dòng)階級(jí)應(yīng)當(dāng)及早積攢足夠的財(cái)富,以便在晚年維持生計(jì)。Hecontendedthattheill-paid112Ifwemustnotbeobsessedbythepast,weshouldnotentirelyignoreit.如果說我們不應(yīng)迷戀過去,那么也不應(yīng)該完全無視過去。Ifwemustnotbeobsessedby113Becausethebodydefensesystemisdamaged,thepatienthaslittleabilitytofightoffmanyotherdiseases.由于人體的免疫系統(tǒng)遭到破壞,病人幾乎沒有什么能力來抵抗眾多其他疾病的侵襲。Becausethebodydefensesyste114二、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換英語句子講究主謂結(jié)構(gòu),謂語只有一個(gè),非謂語形式和從句頻繁出現(xiàn),而漢語在一個(gè)句子中可以有若干個(gè)動(dòng)詞。通常把英語中的名詞、形容詞、介詞等翻譯成漢語的動(dòng)詞,尤其具有動(dòng)作意義的名詞和有動(dòng)詞衍生的名詞。二、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換英語句子講究主謂結(jié)構(gòu),謂語只有一個(gè),非謂語形式和115Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.了解一些世界史,對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)事是有幫助的。Afteranimpatientoathortwo,shegotherhairawayfromhereyes,sufficientlytoobtainasightofhim.她不耐煩地咒罵了一兩聲,把頭發(fā)從眼睛上撥開,才看到了他。Anacquaintanceofworldhisto116Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已經(jīng)用來探索宇宙。ItwasaclearandunemotionalexpositionofthePresident’sreasonsforwillingtobeginaChinese-Americandialogue.這篇發(fā)言明白無誤地、心平氣和地表明了總統(tǒng)希望開始中美對(duì)話的原因。Rocketshavefoundapplication117I,likeQueenVictoria,havealwaysbeena

believerinthatoldmaxim“moderationinallthings.”我與維多利亞女王一樣,一直信奉那句古老的箴言:“凡事適度”。Iamsogratefultomyfatherforhiscontinuousencouragementduringmychildhood.我非常感激我的父親,因?yàn)樵谖倚〉臅r(shí)候他總是不斷地鼓勵(lì)我。I,likeQueenVictoria,havea118Thegrowingawarenessbymillionsofpeopleoftheirintolerableconditionsoflifehadpromptedthemtorelinquishthepresentsocialsystem.千百萬人民日益認(rèn)識(shí)到他們那種難以容忍的生活狀況,這就促使他們放棄現(xiàn)行的社會(huì)制度。Thegrowingawarenessbymilli119Thewideapplicationofcomputerindesigningcanfreeusfromahostofcomplicatedwork.在設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域廣泛地應(yīng)用電腦可以把我們從許多復(fù)雜的工作中解放出來。Thewideapplicationofcomput120Inhandlingthematerialsofhistory,eachactofselectionisalsoanactofjudgment,andthereforethechargeofbiasisnevercompletelyanswerable.在處理歷史資料時(shí),每選一項(xiàng)資料就是作出一種判斷,因此不能說你就百分之百地沒有偏見。Inhandlingthematerialsofh121Ideally,oneday,researcherswillknowenoughaboutthegenesisofearthquakesandthenatureofparticularfaultstopredictquakesdirectly.最理想的情況是,有朝一日研究人員能夠?qū)Φ卣鸬某梢蚣熬唧w斷層的性質(zhì)有足夠的了解,從而能夠直接預(yù)報(bào)地震。Ideally,oneday,researchers122Hesometimes,asIthought,boremedownmorebyhisfluencythanbyhisstrengthofhisreasons.我覺得,他有時(shí)之所以能把我駁倒,不是因?yàn)樗睦碛沙浞?,而是因?yàn)樗目诓藕?。Hesometimes,asIthought,bo123Itisequallytheobligationofeducationtotrainthemindsandthetalentsofouryouth;toimprove,throughcreativecitizenship,ourAmericaninstitutionsinaccordwiththerequirementsofthefuture.同樣,教育有責(zé)任培養(yǎng)我們青年的思想與才智,并通過創(chuàng)新的公民義務(wù)教育,來提高美國(guó)的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu),適應(yīng)未來的要求。Itisequallytheobligationo124三、增詞與減詞Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.勇敢過度,即成蠻勇;喜愛過度,即成溺愛;勤儉過度,即成貪婪。三、增詞與減詞Courageinexcessbecom125Wetalkedaboutourselves,ofourprospects,ofthejourney,oftheweather,ofeachother—ofeverythingbutourhostandhostess.我們談到自己,談到前途,談到旅行,談到天氣,談到彼此的情況——談到一切,只是不談我們的男女主人Wetalkedaboutourselves,of126Theypaylip-servicetoeducationbutdon’tworkforbetterschools.他們口惠而實(shí)不至,口口聲聲支持教育,卻又不肯為改善學(xué)校條件做一些實(shí)際工作。Theypaylip-servicetoeducat127Thespiritofacampaignagainstpovertydoesnotcostasinglecent.Itisamatterofvision,ofsensitivity.開展消滅貧困運(yùn)動(dòng)的精神不需要花一分錢;這需要有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí),需要有敏銳的洞察力

Thespiritofacampaignagain128Scientificexploration,thesearchforknowledgehasgivenmenthepracticalresultsofbeingabletoshieldhimselffromthecalamitiesofnatureandthecalamitiesimposedbyotherman.科學(xué)的探索,知識(shí)的追求,是人類獲得了避免天災(zāi)人禍的能力。Scientificexploration,these129Sciencedemandsofmengreateffortsandcompletedevotion.人們要掌握科學(xué),必須作出巨大的努力并對(duì)之懷有無限的熱愛。Sciencedemandsofmengreate130Medicineisnotasciencebutalearnedprofessiondeeplyrootedinanumberofsciencesandchargedwiththeobligationtoapplythemforman'sbenefit.醫(yī)學(xué)不是一門獨(dú)立的學(xué)科,醫(yī)學(xué)是需要學(xué)問的職業(yè)。它深深地植根于許多學(xué)科之中。醫(yī)學(xué)的責(zé)任是要應(yīng)用科學(xué)知識(shí)造福人類。Medicineisnotasciencebut131TogettotheOlympics,athletesneedanabundanceofrawtalents,goodtrainingandwillingnesstosweatandsacrifi

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