構(gòu)詞法(優(yōu)質(zhì)課件)

構(gòu)詞法(WordFormation)構(gòu)詞法(WordFormat1Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?It’snotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!

Guessthemeaning!

How?Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhil2

Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，語境)isalsoveryimportant.Whenwedealwiththepr31.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonest

person.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜詞

首先要熟悉基本的構(gòu)詞法及其規(guī)律,其次要掌握一定的詞根和詞綴。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。小結(jié)dis+honest不誠實的pick+pocket扒手1.Iwillnotmakefriendswit4構(gòu)詞法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)

轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）縮略法（Abbreviation）

ableunable;teachteacherspace+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.Doityourself.DIY構(gòu)詞法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compound5GuessGuess6合成詞Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛藥合成詞Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛藥7＋＝color-blind色盲＋＝color-blind色盲8＋＝sleep-walk夢游sleep-walker＋＝sleep-walk夢游sleep-walker9二、合成法（Compounding）class+room=classroomblack+board=blackboardwarm+heart+ed=warmhearted

把兩個或兩個以上獨立的詞合成一個新詞。二、合成法（Compounding）class+room10合成詞匯展廳一.合成名詞二.合成動詞三.合成形容詞四.合成副詞五.合成代詞合成詞匯展廳一.合成名詞11一.合成名詞例詞class+room名詞＋名詞構(gòu)成方式１

black+board

形容詞＋名詞hand+writing;名詞+動名詞（V-ing）waiting+room;動名詞+名詞pain+killer名詞+動詞(er/or)pick+pocket;動詞+名詞turn+off岔道動詞+副詞out+put副詞＋動詞after+noon介詞／副詞＋名詞一.合成名詞例詞class+room名詞＋名詞構(gòu)成方式１12二.合成動詞名詞＋動詞overcome;副詞＋動詞whitewash形容詞＋動詞sleepwalk;構(gòu)成方式1．構(gòu)成方式２.構(gòu)成方式３.

二.合成動詞名詞＋動詞overcome;副詞＋動詞whit13三.合成形容詞名詞＋過去分詞snow+white名詞+形容詞English+speaking名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞man+made構(gòu)成方式例詞high+class形容詞＋名詞light+blue形容詞＋形容詞good+looking形容詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞warm+heart+ed形容詞＋名詞+edsecond+hand數(shù)詞＋名詞hard+working副詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞well+known副詞＋過去分詞under+ground介詞＋名詞三.合成形容詞名詞＋過去分詞snow+white名詞+形容詞14四.合成副詞however;副詞＋副詞anywhere;whatever代詞＋副詞downstairs;upstairs副詞＋名詞anyway形容詞＋名詞構(gòu)成方式1．構(gòu)成方式2．構(gòu)成方式3．構(gòu)成方式4.四.合成副詞however;副詞＋副詞anywhere;15五.合成代詞something;everything;nobody;someone;anybody構(gòu)成方式：

some/any/no+thing/one/body五.合成代詞something;everything;n16Practice:Makecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passerwellseafireoverfriendB:byknowensidefightercoatship

Model:part+time=part-timepasser-bywell-knownseasidefirefighterovercoatfriendshipPractice:passer-bywell-kno171)Thefirelastedabout4hoursbeforethe__

______couldcontrolit.2)Atschoolsheformedaclose_________withseveralothergirls.3)Theydecidetospendtheirholidayatthe_______.4)Heputonahatand________beforehewentout.5)Theyoftenperforminthestreetsforthe_________.6)I’msureyouwillbe__________soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat2.Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.1)Thefirelastedabout4hou18轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tastev.嘗起來n.味道{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.handn.手v.遞送wrongadj.錯誤的n.錯的事{{Wealwayswalkhandinhand.Please

hand

methebook.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.

Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.clean{adj.干凈v.清掃Pleasekeeptidyandclean.Youhavetocleantheblackboardafterclass.轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tastev.嘗起來n.味道191.JimdreamsofbeingthebestfootballplayerinEngland.2.Pleasestophere,anditisthebusstop.3.Thecarsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.6.Don’tusetoocoldwatertowaterflowers.7.Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.

1.Jimdreamsofbeingthebes20派生法Derivation派生法前綴后綴否定前綴其他前綴名詞后綴形容詞后綴副詞后綴動詞后綴否定前綴其他前綴派生法Derivation派前綴后綴否定前綴其他前綴名詞后21加前綴：

happy---

___happy

加后綴：

develop---

develop_______既加前綴又加后綴：

employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生詞（derivation）

加前綴：unmentunment派生詞（derivation221.派生詞

注意:

前綴一般只改變詞義,

不改變詞類;

后綴一般只改變

詞類,不引起詞義變化1.派生詞

注意:

前綴一般只改變詞義,

不改變詞類;23Derivation:

1)前綴:

①表示否定的前綴：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b，p，m開頭的詞前)Derivation:1)前綴:①表示否定的前綴：24②表示錯誤或過失的前綴:mis-misunderstand,misdirect(誤導(dǎo))③表示兩個,雙邊的前綴：bi-bicolor(雙色的),bicycle④表示相互,交互,在一起的前綴inter-interview,international,internet⑤表示又,再,重新的前綴re-review,return,rewrite⑥表示遠(yuǎn)的前綴tele–telephone,television②表示錯誤或過失的前綴:252)后綴:

①動詞變名詞：-tioneducation,invitation,prediction-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment-erteacher,worker,runner,singer-orvisitor,sailor,tutor,actor-ist(人,名詞后綴)scientist,terrorist-ese(民族,語言,名詞后綴)Chinese,Japanese2)后綴:①動詞變名詞：-tioneducat26②形容詞變名詞-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility

②形容詞變名詞-nesshappiness,mea27③名詞變形容詞：-ywindy,rainy,healthy,funny,cloudy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful,colorful-lesshomeless,helpless,careless-edsurprised,balanced,talented-inginteresting,outstanding-altraditional,international,natural③名詞變形容詞：-ywindy,rainy,28④名詞、形容詞變動詞：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize,modernize-enquicken,widen,sharpendeepen④名詞、形容詞變動詞：-ifybeautify,29一、派生法（Derivation）由詞根(root)加前綴（prefix）或后綴（suffix）構(gòu)成新詞。un-否定前綴dis-in-im-mis-non-

understandpolitesmokerlikeimportantactive一、派生法（Derivation）由詞根(root)加前綴（30Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?1.over-:toomuchoverwork,overeatabovesth;acrossovercoat,overheadSomeimportantprefixes（前綴）:

Thetrainsare____________onFridayevenings.(crowded)overcrowdedIsitdifficultforyouto31

Heenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.2.en-

動詞前綴enable,endanger,Readingcan

______yourlife.(rich)enrichHeenlargedhisvocabularyb32Someimportantsuffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等sharpenapencilstrengthenbrightensharpadj.

sharpenv.__________________strength

_____________

brightSomeimportantsuffixes:-ment,333.Writeouttheoriginalwords.unchangeableadj._______dislikev.__________impossibilityn._________unfriendlyadj.__________overworkv.______________misunderstandingn.____________athleticadj.______________Misread誤解v.________translatorn._____________

changelike

possiblefriendlook

understandathletereadtranslate3.Writeouttheoriginalword34II.構(gòu)詞法專練。給下列單詞加上前綴dis-,un-,in-或im-,構(gòu)成意思相反的詞。1.agree_______ 2.complete_________3.healthy_________4.important________5.able_______ 6.cover_________7.known_______ 8.practical_________9.tidy_______ 10.perfect_________11.visible_______ 12.fit_________disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitPracticeIII.構(gòu)詞法專練。disagree incomplete35Practice(II):

rain(形容詞)________agree(反義)__________nation(形容詞)_______farm(人)__________recent(副詞)________friend(形容詞)________hope(形容詞)_______back(形容詞)_________visit(名詞)__________home(形容詞)________eight(序數(shù)詞)________true(名詞)___________America(形容詞)_______China(形容詞)________按括號內(nèi)的要求改寫下列單詞rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinesePractice(II):rain(形容詞)__36四、縮略法（Abbreviation）DIYVIPSOSWWWDoItYourselfVeryImportantPersonSaveOurShipWorldWideWeb四、縮略法（Abbreviation）DIYDoIt37BTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTULbythewayberightbackfacetofaceIseeIseeyou.我找你．AreyouOK?thankstalktoyoulaterBTWbytheway38構(gòu)詞法精練1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.die B.dead C.died D.death3.Thechildlooked________athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadly B.sadC.happily D.happiness4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician構(gòu)詞法精練1.Thatmanwas________e391.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions

附加題Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.1.Hewasoneofthebest____405.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill________mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe___________ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave__________aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_________.(operate)

foreigners

satisfactorysimplifyappearanceuncoveredoperation5.Moreandmore_________hav4111.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_________.(music)12.Few________wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_________.(expensive)16.Mostinternational_________lettersarewritteninEnglish,too.(busy)musicianspoken

boilingkindness

expenses

business11.Shehopedthathersonwou4217.Theboynoticedan___________mistakeonhispaper,buthedecidednottosayanythingaboutit.(correct)18.WheninRome,doasthe________do.(Rome)19.Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_______.(honest)20.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise)

uncorrectedRomanshonestynoisily17.Theboynoticedan_______43

單詞記憶五決：一同義（近義）法二反義法三改頭法四換尾法五形近法單詞記憶五決：44一：同義法詞----詞search=詞----短語=paynoattentionto短語----短語remindsbofsth=seekignorecallup一：同義法seekignorecallup45二：反義法accept---telllies---lookdownupon---refusehonestlookupto二：反義法refusehonestlookupto46三：改頭法：pay-----v.bay-----n.海灣day-----n.hay-----n.干草lay-----v.may-----v.ray-----n.光線say-----v.way-----n.gay-----adj.快樂的三：改頭法：47四：換尾法：deaf-----adj.dead-----adj.deal-----v.dean-----n.院長，主持牧師dear-----adj.四：換尾法：48五：形近法：floor------flourabroad------aboard在飛機上soap------soupwonder------wanderattract------attackvacation------vocation職業(yè)五：形近法：49Useyourimagination,you’llgetadifferentworld.

想象給生活插上翅膀，讓我們在學(xué)習(xí)的天空中越飛越高！Useyourimagination,you’llg50構(gòu)詞法(WordFormation)構(gòu)詞法(WordFormat51Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?It’snotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!

Guessthemeaning!

How?Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhil52

Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，語境)isalsoveryimportant.Whenwedealwiththepr531.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonest

person.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜詞

首先要熟悉基本的構(gòu)詞法及其規(guī)律,其次要掌握一定的詞根和詞綴。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。小結(jié)dis+honest不誠實的pick+pocket扒手1.Iwillnotmakefriendswit54構(gòu)詞法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)

轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）縮略法（Abbreviation）

ableunable;teachteacherspace+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.Doityourself.DIY構(gòu)詞法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compound55GuessGuess56合成詞Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛藥合成詞Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛藥57＋＝color-blind色盲＋＝color-blind色盲58＋＝sleep-walk夢游sleep-walker＋＝sleep-walk夢游sleep-walker59二、合成法（Compounding）class+room=classroomblack+board=blackboardwarm+heart+ed=warmhearted

把兩個或兩個以上獨立的詞合成一個新詞。二、合成法（Compounding）class+room60合成詞匯展廳一.合成名詞二.合成動詞三.合成形容詞四.合成副詞五.合成代詞合成詞匯展廳一.合成名詞61一.合成名詞例詞class+room名詞＋名詞構(gòu)成方式１

black+board

形容詞＋名詞hand+writing;名詞+動名詞（V-ing）waiting+room;動名詞+名詞pain+killer名詞+動詞(er/or)pick+pocket;動詞+名詞turn+off岔道動詞+副詞out+put副詞＋動詞after+noon介詞／副詞＋名詞一.合成名詞例詞class+room名詞＋名詞構(gòu)成方式１62二.合成動詞名詞＋動詞overcome;副詞＋動詞whitewash形容詞＋動詞sleepwalk;構(gòu)成方式1．構(gòu)成方式２.構(gòu)成方式３.

二.合成動詞名詞＋動詞overcome;副詞＋動詞whit63三.合成形容詞名詞＋過去分詞snow+white名詞+形容詞English+speaking名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞man+made構(gòu)成方式例詞high+class形容詞＋名詞light+blue形容詞＋形容詞good+looking形容詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞warm+heart+ed形容詞＋名詞+edsecond+hand數(shù)詞＋名詞hard+working副詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞well+known副詞＋過去分詞under+ground介詞＋名詞三.合成形容詞名詞＋過去分詞snow+white名詞+形容詞64四.合成副詞however;副詞＋副詞anywhere;whatever代詞＋副詞downstairs;upstairs副詞＋名詞anyway形容詞＋名詞構(gòu)成方式1．構(gòu)成方式2．構(gòu)成方式3．構(gòu)成方式4.四.合成副詞however;副詞＋副詞anywhere;65五.合成代詞something;everything;nobody;someone;anybody構(gòu)成方式：

some/any/no+thing/one/body五.合成代詞something;everything;n66Practice:Makecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passerwellseafireoverfriendB:byknowensidefightercoatship

Model:part+time=part-timepasser-bywell-knownseasidefirefighterovercoatfriendshipPractice:passer-bywell-kno671)Thefirelastedabout4hoursbeforethe__

______couldcontrolit.2)Atschoolsheformedaclose_________withseveralothergirls.3)Theydecidetospendtheirholidayatthe_______.4)Heputonahatand________beforehewentout.5)Theyoftenperforminthestreetsforthe_________.6)I’msureyouwillbe__________soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat2.Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.1)Thefirelastedabout4hou68轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tastev.嘗起來n.味道{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.handn.手v.遞送wrongadj.錯誤的n.錯的事{{Wealwayswalkhandinhand.Please

hand

methebook.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.

Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.clean{adj.干凈v.清掃Pleasekeeptidyandclean.Youhavetocleantheblackboardafterclass.轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tastev.嘗起來n.味道691.JimdreamsofbeingthebestfootballplayerinEngland.2.Pleasestophere,anditisthebusstop.3.Thecarsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.6.Don’tusetoocoldwatertowaterflowers.7.Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.

1.Jimdreamsofbeingthebes70派生法Derivation派生法前綴后綴否定前綴其他前綴名詞后綴形容詞后綴副詞后綴動詞后綴否定前綴其他前綴派生法Derivation派前綴后綴否定前綴其他前綴名詞后71加前綴：

happy---

___happy

加后綴：

develop---

develop_______既加前綴又加后綴：

employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生詞（derivation）

加前綴：unmentunment派生詞（derivation721.派生詞

注意:

前綴一般只改變詞義,

不改變詞類;

后綴一般只改變

詞類,不引起詞義變化1.派生詞

注意:

前綴一般只改變詞義,

不改變詞類;73Derivation:

1)前綴:

①表示否定的前綴：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b，p，m開頭的詞前)Derivation:1)前綴:①表示否定的前綴：74②表示錯誤或過失的前綴:mis-misunderstand,misdirect(誤導(dǎo))③表示兩個,雙邊的前綴：bi-bicolor(雙色的),bicycle④表示相互,交互,在一起的前綴inter-interview,international,internet⑤表示又,再,重新的前綴re-review,return,rewrite⑥表示遠(yuǎn)的前綴tele–telephone,television②表示錯誤或過失的前綴:752)后綴:

①動詞變名詞：-tioneducation,invitation,prediction-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment-erteacher,worker,runner,singer-orvisitor,sailor,tutor,actor-ist(人,名詞后綴)scientist,terrorist-ese(民族,語言,名詞后綴)Chinese,Japanese2)后綴:①動詞變名詞：-tioneducat76②形容詞變名詞-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility

②形容詞變名詞-nesshappiness,mea77③名詞變形容詞：-ywindy,rainy,healthy,funny,cloudy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful,colorful-lesshomeless,helpless,careless-edsurprised,balanced,talented-inginteresting,outstanding-altraditional,international,natural③名詞變形容詞：-ywindy,rainy,78④名詞、形容詞變動詞：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize,modernize-enquicken,widen,sharpendeepen④名詞、形容詞變動詞：-ifybeautify,79一、派生法（Derivation）由詞根(root)加前綴（prefix）或后綴（suffix）構(gòu)成新詞。un-否定前綴dis-in-im-mis-non-

understandpolitesmokerlikeimportantactive一、派生法（Derivation）由詞根(root)加前綴（80Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?1.over-:toomuchoverwork,overeatabovesth;acrossovercoat,overheadSomeimportantprefixes（前綴）:

Thetrainsare____________onFridayevenings.(crowded)overcrowdedIsitdifficultforyouto81

Heenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.2.en-

動詞前綴enable,endanger,Readingcan

______yourlife.(rich)enrichHeenlargedhisvocabularyb82Someimportantsuffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等sharpenapencilstrengthenbrightensharpadj.

sharpenv.__________________strength

_____________

brightSomeimportantsuffixes:-ment,833.Writeouttheoriginalwords.unchangeableadj._______dislikev.__________impossibilityn._________unfriendlyadj.__________overworkv.______________misunderstandingn.____________athleticadj.______________Misread誤解v.________translatorn._____________

changelike

possiblefriendlook

understandathletereadtranslate3.Writeouttheoriginalword84II.構(gòu)詞法專練。給下列單詞加上前綴dis-,un-,in-或im-,構(gòu)成意思相反的詞。1.agree_______ 2.complete_________3.healthy_________4.important________5.able_______ 6.cover_________7.known_______ 8.practical_________9.tidy_______ 10.perfect_________11.visible_______ 12.fit_________disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitPracticeIII.構(gòu)詞法專練。disagree incomplete85Practice(II):

rain(形容詞)________agree(反義)__________nation(形容詞)_______farm(人)__________recent(副詞)________friend(形容詞)________hope(形容詞)_______back(形容詞)_________visit(名詞)__________home(形容詞)________eight(序數(shù)詞)________true(名詞)___________America(形容詞)_______China(形容詞)________按括號內(nèi)的要求改寫下列單詞rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinesePractice(II):rain(形容詞)__86四、縮略法（Abbreviation）DIYVIPSOSWWWDoItYourselfVeryImportantPersonSaveOurShipWorldWideWeb四、縮略法（Abbreviation）DIYDoIt87BTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTULbythewayberightbackfacetofaceIseeIseeyou.我找你．AreyouOK?thankstalktoyoulaterBTWbytheway88構(gòu)詞法精練1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.die B.dead C.died D.death3.Thechildlooked________athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadly B.sadC.happily D.happiness4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician構(gòu)詞法精練1.Thatmanwas________e891.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions

附加題Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.1.Hewasoneofthebest____905.