語法可包郵-主謂一致

—致主謂一致指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語必須在人稱、性、數(shù)上保持一致一、集體名詞作主語時(shí),主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的一致如集體名詞在句中意指整體概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如在句中意指其具體成員,謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類集體名詞包括:army,audience,class,committee,crowdcrewfamily,group,staff,teampublic,cabinet,band等。Thepopulationoftheearthisincreasingveryfast.Onethirdofthepopulationherearefarmers.Thepublichaseveryreasontobecautiousofprofessionaldeception.Thepublicnowknowthewholestory.Theteachingstaffofthiscollegeis/areexcellent.這所大學(xué)的教師都是出類拔萃二、學(xué)科名稱和疾病名稱作主語時(shí),主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的一某些學(xué)科名稱和疾病名稱雖是復(fù)數(shù)形式,但這些詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)這些詞包括:electronics(電子學(xué)),mechanics(力學(xué)),classics(古典文學(xué)),linguistics(語言學(xué)economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)),statistics(統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)physics(物理學(xué)),mathematics(數(shù)學(xué))ElectronicsisapieceofcaketoQiantummechanics(量子力學(xué))smethodsforcalculatingtheresultsofexperimentsinallthoserea.個(gè),不論它形式上是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),TheadventruesofHuckleberryFinnwaswrittenbythefamousAmericanumoristMarkTwain.TheNewYorkTimesisnotavailablehere.TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.四、單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí),單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí),要根據(jù)句子意思來確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞包括aircraft,deerfish,sheepmeans,species,seriesworks,crossroadsheadquarters等。VariousmeansoftransportareintroducedinthisTherearealready137speciesofbutterfliesknownintheworldtoday.Itisallameanstoanend.這只是達(dá)到目的的一種。Theairlineordered15newaircraft.這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如表示抽象概念,被視作一整體時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如表示具體的多少,強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。TenminutesisallthatIcanspareforSixthousanddollarsisalargesumofmoneytoThefiftywerecoveredbythewinnerinthreewithaswellas等詞或詞組修飾的單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的如作主語的單數(shù)名詞后有下列詞或詞組修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式:with,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,aswellas,inadditionto, paniedby,ratherthan,but等。TheteacheraswellasthestudentslikesthisAscientist,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpsolvethatproblem.Theboss,ratherthanhisemployees,istoblame.NobodybutSanandAnnisinthe七、and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí),一般情況下,and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但有些情況下,and連接的兩個(gè)名詞意指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單,如果兩個(gè)名詞只有一個(gè)限定詞或無限定詞修飾時(shí),它們常常表示一個(gè)概念,如果兩個(gè)名詞分別有兩個(gè)限定詞修飾時(shí),它們往往表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。另外,如果and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞均有each,every,manya,no等詞修飾時(shí),Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.ThewearandtearonthemachineisThesecretaryandmanagerwaspresentatthemeeting.Everyhourandeveryminuteisvitaltomenow.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasbeentothe八、連詞or等連接兩個(gè)名詞(或代詞)作主語時(shí),連詞oreither…orneither…nornotonly…butalso…作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞必須和靠它較近的一個(gè)名詞或代詞取得一致,這就是就近一EitherIortheyareresponsibleforNeitheryourunkindwordsnoryourunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanyNotonlyhebutalsohisamilymembersareinterestedinfootballnone本身作主語時(shí)或它修飾的名詞或代詞作主語時(shí),如代表不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如代表可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Noneofthe ephonesare/isworking.所有的都?jí)牧恕neandahalf后接的名詞應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:Oneandahalfyearshasmorethanone后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,morethanone本身作主語,Morethanonequestionhasbeeneitherneither作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.Neithershoefitscomfortably.兩只鞋都不合腳。Neitherofmyfriendshascomeyet.oneortwo后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Ishallbe