概要寫作練習(xí)寫作3則-高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

概要寫作練習(xí)寫作3則Thelinkbetweenpersonalityandsuccess

Themodernmanagerhastoplaytheroleofcoachinchargeoftheirteam.Andthatrequiresanunderstandingofthedifferentpersonalitytypestheymaybemanaging,andindeedtheroletheirownpersonalitymayplayinthewaytheymanage.

KarlMoore,anassociateprofessoratMcGillUniversityinCanada,haswrittentworecentarticlesontheroleofdifferentpersonalitytypesinbusiness.Oneofthemostcommondividesisbetweenintrovertsandextroverts.Mr.Mooreestimatesthataround40%ofthepopulationisintroverts,40%areextrovertsand20%are“ambiverts”whocandisplaybothcharacteristics.

Anacademicstudyalsofoundthatthechildrenofprofessionalsweremorelikelytobeextrovert.Itcouldsimplybethatchildrenwhogrowupinmoreprosperoushomesarelesslikelytofacethekindofstressfuleventsthatundermineself-confidence.Peoplewithhigherself-confidencemayapplyformoreprestigiousjobsandmaybemorelikelytobelievethattheireffortswillberewarded;thosewithanegativeself-imagemayfeelitisnotworthtryingtoohard.

Sointrovertsshouldnotgiveuphopeofclimbingthegreasypole（職場(chǎng)滑滑梯，職場(chǎng)金字塔）.Astudyin2017foundthatintrovertswereslightlymorelikelythanextrovertstosurpasstheexpectationsofboardsandinvestorswhenappointedaschiefexecutive.

Mr.Moorethinksthatsuccessfulexecutiveshavetobecomeambivertsattimesinordertosucceed.Introvertsmusttrytoshowenthusiasm,ormakeastirringspeech,whenthesituationcallsforit.Andextrovertsneedtoshutupandlistentotheirteams---notleastbecausewhenthebossspeaksfirst,subordinateswillbereluctanttodisagree.個(gè)性與成功之間的聯(lián)系

現(xiàn)代經(jīng)理必須扮演教練的角色來管理他們的團(tuán)隊(duì)。這需要了解他們可能管理的不同人格類型，以及他們自己的人格在管理方式中可能扮演的角色。

加拿大麥吉爾大學(xué)（McGillUniversity）副教授卡爾·摩爾（KarlMoore）最近寫了兩篇關(guān)于不同性格類型在商業(yè)中的作用的文章。最常見的區(qū)別之一是內(nèi)向者和外向者之間的區(qū)別。摩爾先生估計(jì)，大約40%的人口是內(nèi)向型的，40%是外向型的，20%是“矛盾型”的，這兩種性格都能表現(xiàn)出來。

一項(xiàng)學(xué)術(shù)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，專業(yè)人士的孩子更容易外向。這可能僅僅是因?yàn)椋诟辉５募彝ラL(zhǎng)大的孩子不太可能面臨破壞自信的壓力事件。自信度較高的人可能會(huì)申請(qǐng)更有聲望的工作，并且更可能相信自己的努力會(huì)得到回報(bào)；那些自我形象消極的人可能會(huì)覺得不值得太努力。

所以內(nèi)向的人不應(yīng)該放棄攀登油膩極的希望(職場(chǎng)滑滑梯，職場(chǎng)金字塔）.2017年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)被任命為首席執(zhí)行官時(shí)，內(nèi)向者比外向者更有可能超越董事會(huì)和投資者的期望。

摩爾先生認(rèn)為，為了成功，成功的高管們有時(shí)必須變得雄心勃勃。當(dāng)情況需要時(shí)，內(nèi)向者必須表現(xiàn)出熱情，或發(fā)表激動(dòng)人心的演講。性格外向的人需要閉嘴，傾聽團(tuán)隊(duì)的意見，尤其是因?yàn)楫?dāng)老板首先發(fā)言時(shí)，下屬不愿意不同意。

參考范文

·Modernmanagingrequiresmanagers’comprehensivepersonalityunderstanding,withintroverts,extrovertsinequalpercentageandambivertsless.Childrenwithprofessionalparentsarealwaysextrovertsforbetterfamilybackgroundandextrovertsusuallytakedecentjobs,believingineffortswillpayoff.Introvertsareoptimisticallyencouragedtostruggleforhigherstatus.Ambivertsarepotentialexcellentexecutivesfortheiradaptabilityindifferentsituations.

(60Words)Decisionfatigue:Whyit’ssohardtomakeupyourmind,andhowtomakeiteasier

Fromthemomentwewakeupeachday,we’refacedwithacontinuousstreamofchoices.Whentherearetoomanyoptions,wetendtofeeloverwhelmed,anxious,stressedorotherwiseoutofsorts.Thisisdecisionfatigue,astateofmentaloverloadthatcanimpede（妨礙）ourabilitytomakeadditionaldecisions.

Whendecisionfatiguekicksin,youmayfeellikeyoujustdon’thavethementalbandwidthtodealwithmoredecisions.Thiscanleadtodecisionalparalysisordepletedself-control,causingyoutoavoidmakingcertainchoicesentirely,togowiththedefaultoptionortomakeonesthataren’tinlinewithyourgoalsorvalues,expertssay.Here’showtominimizeormanagethisphenomenon:

Makesomechoicesautomatic.Someeasywaystodothis:whenyougogroceryshopping,useamasterlistthathasthesamestaples,andbuythesamebrandseachtime.Ifyoulikehavingoatmealforbreakfast,stickwithitonadailybasis.Andifyou’retryingtoexerciseregularly,dedicateaconsistentchunkoftimeforiteveryday.

Tuneintohowyou’refeeling.Bealerttosignsofdecisionfatigueandactaccordingly:Ifyou’vehadademandingdaythatwasfilledwithlotsofdecisions,putoffmakinganotherone,ifyoucan.Ifthingsthatwouldn’tnormallyfazeyoustartbotheringyou,considerthatasignthatyoumaynotbeintheoptimalsateofmindtomakeamajordecision.“Peoplemaynotrealizethatthey’reexperiencingdecisionfatigue,”Baumeister,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,says.“It’ssomethingtowatchoutfor.”選擇困難癥自救手冊(cè)

從我們每天醒來的那一刻起，我們就面臨著一連串的選擇。當(dāng)有太多的選擇時(shí)，我們往往會(huì)感到不知所措、焦慮、緊張或其他不適。這就是決策疲勞，一種精神超載的狀態(tài)，可以阻礙(妨礙）我們做出額外決策的能力。

當(dāng)決策疲勞開始出現(xiàn)時(shí)，你可能會(huì)覺得自己沒有足夠的精力來處理更多的決策。專家表示，這可能導(dǎo)致決策癱瘓或喪失自控能力，導(dǎo)致你完全避免做出某些選擇，選擇默認(rèn)選項(xiàng)，或做出與你的目標(biāo)或價(jià)值觀不符的選擇。以下是如何盡量減少或管理這種現(xiàn)象：

自動(dòng)做出一些選擇。一些簡(jiǎn)單的方法可以做到這一點(diǎn)：當(dāng)你去雜貨店購(gòu)物時(shí)，使用一個(gè)主食相同的主列表，每次都購(gòu)買相同的品牌。如你喜歡早餐吃燕麥粥，每天堅(jiān)持吃。如果你想有規(guī)律地鍛煉，每天花一段時(shí)間堅(jiān)持鍛煉。

了解你的感受。對(duì)決策疲勞的跡象保持警惕，并采取相應(yīng)的行動(dòng)：如果你有一天的工作很辛苦，而且做了很多決定，如果可以的話，推遲再做一個(gè)。如果一些通常不會(huì)困擾你的事情開始困擾你，那么考慮一下這是一個(gè)跡象，表明你可能沒有處于做出重大決定的最佳狀態(tài)。澳大利亞昆士蘭大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授鮑邁斯特說：“人們可能沒有意識(shí)到他們正在經(jīng)歷決策疲勞。”?！斑@是需要注意的?！?/p>

參考范文

·Overwhelmingoptionsineverydayroutinegiverisetodecisionfatigue,deterioratingourdecision-makingcompetence,andleavingusshortofadequateintelligencetomakepromptwisedecision.Twomeasuresareintroducedtoresolvetheplight:makehabitualchoice,stickingtoyourfamiliarroutine;bealerttoourfeelingandmakeadjustmentcorrespondingly,majordecisionmakingshouldbeavoidedwithasignofdecisionfatigue,

(60Words)HowChinaeradicatedmalaria

MalariahasafflictedhumansforthousandsofyearsandhaskilledpeopleoneverycontinentexceptAntarctica.Itwasnotuntil1880,aFrenchmilitarysurgeon,performedautopsies（驗(yàn)尸）onmalariavictims,thatscientistsunderstoodtheillnesswascausedbyparasites.Inthe20thcenturyaloneasmanyas300mpeoplemayhavediedofthedisease---achilling5%ofalldeaths.

OnJune30thChinawascertified“malaria-free”bytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),astatusgrantedtocountriesthathaveseennotransmissionofthediseasefor“atleastthepreviousthreeconsecutiveyears.”

Inthe1940sChinahadanestimated30mindigenous（土生土長(zhǎng)的）casesand300,000deathsayear.Asrecentlyas2010itrecordednearly5,000cases,butthatfiguredroppedtozerofouryearsago.China’sachievementisaresultofthreepolicies:earlyintervention,surveillanceandcross-sectorcollaboration.

In1955ChineseauthoritieslaunchedtheNationalMalariaControlProgramme,whichpromotedtheuseofinsecticidesprays,improvedirrigationandcase-detectionandincreasedtheprovisionofanti-malarialtreatments.Thoughsimple,thesemeasureshelpedachievesteadyprogressinthecountry.By1990mortalityrateshaddeclinedby95%.In2010theChineseMinistryofHealthbroughttogether13governmentdepartmentstoimplementtheMalariaEliminationActionPlan,anambitiousschemetoeliminatemalariaby2020.Whenthecovid-19pandemichit,theChinesegovernmentcontinuedtomonitorat-riskzones.

中國(guó)如何根除瘧疾瘧疾折磨人類數(shù)千年，在除南極洲以外的每一個(gè)大陸上都奪去了人們的生命。直到1880年，一位法國(guó)軍醫(yī)進(jìn)行了尸檢(驗(yàn)尸）在瘧疾患者身上，科學(xué)家們了解這種疾病是由寄生蟲引起的。