SC的知識(shí)及技巧

統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)流程控制

StatisticalProcessControlforOperators

惠亞集團(tuán)SPC課程

AWorkshopfromOurWorldwideSPCCurriculumWelcome歡迎SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,20012

SSETMSYVIA培訓(xùn)目的

TrainingGoal

目的--助你獲得SPC的知識(shí)及技巧OurGoal--TohelpyougainrelevantSPCknowledge&skills.

SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,20013

SSETMSYVIA什么是SPC及SPC的益處

WhatisSPCandbenefits.數(shù)據(jù)的收集及測(cè)量

Datacollectionandmeasurement.使用反應(yīng)計(jì)劃解決問(wèn)題

Troubleshootingusingreactionplans流程的穩(wěn)定&能力(CP和CPK)

ProcessStabilityandCapability.(CPandCPK)培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容

TrainingAgenda

SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,20014

SSETMSYVIA什么是SPC?

WhatisSPC?

利用統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)如控制圖去分析流程或其產(chǎn)物,以采取適當(dāng)?shù)男袆?dòng)去達(dá)致及維持一個(gè)受統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)控制的狀態(tài)以及改善流程能力.

Theuseof

statistical

techniquessuchascontrolchartstoanalyzea

process

or

itsoutputssoastotakeappropriateactionstoachieveandmaintainastateof

statisticalcontrol

andtoimprovetheprocesscapability.

SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,20015

SSETMSYVIAOutofcontrol失控Trends趨勢(shì)Shifts偏移ControlChart控制圖統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)

Statistical流程

Process

控制

ControlLCL

UCL

什么是SPC?

WhatisSPC?SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,20016

SSETMSYVIAMeasurement測(cè)量

Cause—EffectDiagram

因果圖（魚骨圖）Effect

果Machine機(jī)Environment環(huán)境Man人Material物料Methods方法

Cause

因什么是SPC?

WhatisSPC?SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,20017

SSETMSYVIA

ParetoDiagram

柏拉圖DefectivesScratchPlugholeOpenShort什么是SPC?

WhatisSPC?SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,20018

SSETMSYVIADetermineKeyProductCharacteristics介定關(guān)鍵的產(chǎn)品特性DetermineKeyVariables介定關(guān)鍵的變量PlantheMatrixofValidationTests計(jì)劃確認(rèn)測(cè)試的矩陣

DOE實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)什么是SPC?

WhatisSPC?SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,20019

SSETMSYVIAFunctionaffected被影響的功能PotentialFailuremode潛在缺陷模式

-PotentialEffect潛在影響

-PotentialCause潛在原因

-DesignControl設(shè)計(jì)控制ActionPlan行動(dòng)計(jì)劃Result結(jié)果FMEA缺陷模式與后果分析什么是SPC?

WhatisSPC?SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200110

SSETMSYVIA什么是SPC?

WhatisSPC?

SPC數(shù)據(jù)=流程的聲音SPCdata=thevoiceoftheprocess!統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)

Statistical收集及整理數(shù)字化的事實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)Collection&arrangementofnumericalfacts.Data!控制

Control

預(yù)防,預(yù)測(cè),監(jiān)管

Prevention.Prediction.Regulation.流程Process

執(zhí)行一件工作的一連串步驟Seriesofstepstoperformatask是否一組圖表?

Isitasetofcharts?是否一個(gè)警告系統(tǒng)?

Isitawarningsystem?是否一個(gè)預(yù)防性方法?

Isitapreventivemethod?SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200111SSETMSYVIA使用SPC目的UsingSPCObjectives我們的SPC目的是為為你提供供一個(gè)有有利于持持續(xù)改善善的工具具:OurSPCobjectivesistoprovideyouwithatoolforcontinualimprovementthathelpsto:將流程變變異減致致最少minimizeprocessvariation.消除流程程的錯(cuò)敗敗eliminatefailuresinourprocesses.將產(chǎn)品能能力盡量量提升maximizeproductcapability.加強(qiáng)客戶戶滿意程程度increasecustomersatisfaction.SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200112SSETMSYVIASPC價(jià)值SPCValue少報(bào)廢Lessscarp少返工Lessrework少停機(jī)Lessdowntime更佳利潤(rùn)潤(rùn)Betterprofit更佳市場(chǎng)場(chǎng)信譽(yù)Goodreputationinmarketplace!惠亞集團(tuán)團(tuán)ViasystemsGroupSPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,2001SSETMSYVIASPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200113SSETMSYVIASPC價(jià)值SPCValue更佳產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)量Betterqualityproduct更多可靠靠產(chǎn)品Morereliabledelivery可以信賴賴的供應(yīng)應(yīng)商Asuppliertheycancounton客戶CustomersSPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,2001SSETMSYVIASPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200114SSETMSYVIASPC價(jià)值SPCValue少挫敗感感及無(wú)聊聊時(shí)間Lessfrustration&downtime更能控制制工作Morecontrol更能對(duì)流流程及產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品問(wèn)題題作正確確決定Abilitytomaketherightdecisionaboutprocessofproductproblems能生產(chǎn)更更優(yōu)值的的產(chǎn)品Betterproductcomingfromtheareinfrontofme你YouSPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200115SSETMSYVIASPC如何幫忙忙?HowSPCCanHelp生產(chǎn)中DuringProduction發(fā)生問(wèn)題題時(shí)(特別成因因)SPC數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)發(fā)發(fā)出訊號(hào)號(hào)SPCdatasendasignalthatthere’’saproblem(specialcause).我們采取取糾正行行動(dòng)防止止問(wèn)題Wetakecorrectiveactiontopreventdefects.將來(lái)FortheFutureSPC數(shù)據(jù)提供供一個(gè)流流程變異異的歷史史記錄SPCdataprovideahistoryofthevariationintheprocess.我們改善善流程以以減少一一般原因因?qū)е碌牡淖儺怶eimprovetheprocesstoreducecommoncausevariation.SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200116SSETMSYVIA統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)術(shù)及控制制圖StatisticsandControlCharts如何運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)于控制圖?

Howdoweusethesestatisticsoncontrolcharts?收集數(shù)據(jù)--數(shù)目或量度某物

Collectdata--countormeasuresomething.

于控制圖上畫上數(shù)值

Plotthedataonthecontrolchart.

或...

OR...

計(jì)算統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)值于控制圖上畫上數(shù)值

Calculateastatisticandplotthestatisticonthechart.SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200117SSETMSYVIA什么數(shù)據(jù)需需要收集?Whatdatadoweneed?為什么需要要收集數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)?Whydoweneedtocollectdata?如何得到數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)?Howwillwegetthedata?何時(shí)收集數(shù)數(shù)據(jù);多久收集一一次?Whendowecollectit;howoften?流程中哪處處收集數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)?Whereintheprocessdowegetthedata?誰(shuí)收集數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)?Whocollectsthedata?收集數(shù)據(jù)Collectdata

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200118SSETMSYVIA什么數(shù)據(jù)需需要收集?Whatdatadowecollect?收集數(shù)據(jù)

Collectdata

客戶要求:功能;外觀

CustomerRequirementsFunctionalAesthetic

產(chǎn)品特性

ProductFeatures

流程變數(shù)

ProcessVariables

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200119SSETMSYVIA為什么需要要收集數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)?Whyshouldwecollectthedata?收集數(shù)據(jù)

Collectdata

監(jiān)控變異Tomonitorvariation.盡早指出流流程問(wèn)題Toidentifyprocessproblemsasearlyaspossible.為什么?Why?SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200120SSETMSYVIA如何收集數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)?Howdowecollectthedata?如何?How?收集數(shù)據(jù)Collectdata我們需要一一個(gè)測(cè)量系系統(tǒng)Weneedameasurementsystem.方法--技巧,工具,經(jīng)培訓(xùn)的員員工Method--technique,tool,trainedpeople記錄--數(shù)據(jù)收集表表格,表達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)的的格式(即控制圖)Record--datacollectionsheet,formattopresentdata(i.e.,controlchart)計(jì)劃--負(fù)責(zé)人,收集數(shù)據(jù)地地點(diǎn),頻率,時(shí)間Plan--who,where,howoften,whenSPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200121SSETMSYVIA何時(shí)及何處處收集數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)?When&wheredowegetthedata?那一個(gè)比較較好?Whichisbetter?流程中作測(cè)測(cè)量Measureon-line最后檢查InspectatendSPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200122SSETMSYVIA何時(shí)收集數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)?Whendowecollectthedata?流程中作測(cè)測(cè)量MeasureOn-line,DuringtheProcessSPCSPC預(yù)防性Preventionfocus避免浪費(fèi)Avoidswaste提供質(zhì)量一一致的產(chǎn)品品Deliversconsistentproducts減少變量Reducesvariation主動(dòng)性Proactive于流程終點(diǎn)點(diǎn)作檢查InspectProductattheEndoftheProcess檢查Inspection偵察性Detectionfocus容忍浪費(fèi)Tolerateswaste返工Reworksproducts容忍變異Toleratesvariation被動(dòng)性ReactiveSPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200123SSETMSYVIA數(shù)據(jù)的種類類TypesofData計(jì)量的Variables可用連續(xù)性性的單位Measureonacontinuousscale可以是流程程或量度的的特性Foraprocessorproduct例子:Examples:線寬linewidth板料厚度laminationthickness計(jì)數(shù)的Attributes數(shù)量,等級(jí),類別Count,grade,categorize不能量度的的Can’tmeasureit一般是產(chǎn)品品特性Usuallyforaproduct例子:Examples:壞品百分比比%defectiveparts甩貨百分比比%orderslateSPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200124SSETMSYVIA控制圖種類類TypesofControlCharts計(jì)量控制圖圖VariablesCharts用于連續(xù)單單位的量度度Fordatawegetbymeasuringonacontinuousscale.例子Examples溫度temperature線寬circuitwidth厚度pinheight分別監(jiān)監(jiān)察兩兩組統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)數(shù)值的的三對(duì)對(duì)控制制圖Threepairsofchartsthatmonitortwostatistics.平均及及范圍圍(X-R)Average&R(averageandrange)平均及及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)差(X-S)Average&S(averageandstandarddeviation)個(gè)別值值移動(dòng)動(dòng)范圍圍(X-MR)X&MR(individualsandmovingrange)SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200125SSETMSYVIA計(jì)數(shù)控控制圖圖AttributeCharts用于數(shù)數(shù)量等等級(jí)或或分類類的數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)Fordatawegetbycounting,gradingorcategorizingthings.例子Examples甩貨百百分比比#oflatedeliveries壞板百百分比比#ofdefectivecircuitboards計(jì)數(shù)控控制圖圖AttributeChartsNPPUC控制圖圖種類類TypesofControlChartsSPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200126SSETMSYVIA規(guī)格Specifications客戶,供應(yīng)商商或內(nèi)內(nèi)部工工程要要求Customer,supplierorinternalengineeringrequirements包括:Include:目標(biāo)或或中間間值(最理想想的)targetornominalvalue(theideal!)在目標(biāo)標(biāo)值兩兩旁可可接受受的變變異allowablevariationoneithersideofthetargetvalue規(guī)格上上限=目標(biāo)值值+可接愛(ài)愛(ài)的變變異USL=target+allowablevariation規(guī)格下下限=目標(biāo)值值-可接受受的變變異LSL=target-allowablevariationSPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200127SSETMSYVIA例子--酸濃度度Example--AcidConcentration規(guī)格是是130克/升+/-30克升Specificationis130grams/liter+/-30grams/liter規(guī)格上上限=目標(biāo)值值+可接受受的變變量USL=target+allowablevariation130+30=160規(guī)格下下限=目標(biāo)值值-可接受受的變變異LSL=target-allowablevariation130-30=100可接接受受變變異異的的總總值值=規(guī)格格上上限限=規(guī)格格下下限限Totalallowablevariation=USL-LSL160-100=60SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200128SSETMSYVIA控制制限限--控制制上上,下限限ControlLimits--UCL,LCL若流流程程受受到到控控制制:Ifyourprocessisincontrol:99.7%的數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)將將會(huì)會(huì)在在控控制制上上限限及及下下限限之之間間.99.7%ofthedatapointswillbebetweentheUCLandLCL.數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)沒(méi)沒(méi)有有特特定定的的圖圖樣樣=隨機(jī)機(jī)的的.Datapointswillshownopattern=random.大部部分分?jǐn)?shù)數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)會(huì)會(huì)趨趨向向平平均均值值.Mostdatapointswillbeclosetotheaverage.數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)應(yīng)應(yīng)有有一一半半在在平平均均值值以以上上及及一一半半在在以以下下.Datapointsbe50/50aboveandbelowaverage.SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200129SSETMSYVIA控制制限限--好處處ControlLimits--Benefits減少少兩兩個(gè)個(gè)可可能能的的錯(cuò)錯(cuò)誤誤Minimizestwopossiblemistakes:忽略略問(wèn)問(wèn)題題Ignoringaproblem.采取取不不必必要要的的糾糾正正行行動(dòng)動(dòng)Takingunnecessarycorrectiveaction.曲線線下下的的出出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)可可能能性性已已知知Probabilitiesunderthecurveareknown.有利利于于預(yù)預(yù)測(cè)測(cè)和和計(jì)計(jì)劃劃Goodforpredictionandplanning.有利利于于偵偵察察不不正正常常的的數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)Goodforspottingweirdpatternsofpoints.SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200130SSETMSYVIA控制制圖圖及及標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)差差ControlCharts&StandardDeviation使用用標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)差差決決定定控控制制上上限限及及下下限限,如鐘鐘狀狀曲曲線線.TodetermineUCL&LCL,usestandarddeviation(s)--justlikethebellcurve!+3s

-3s

UCL=Average+3sAverageLCL=Average-3s

-3s

+3s

利用用變變異異的的數(shù)數(shù)值值(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)差差)去建建立立變變異異的的一一般般范范圍圍(控制制上上限限及及下下限限之之間間的的范范圍圍)是否否合合理理?Doesn’’titmakesensetouseameasureofvariation(standarddeviation)toestablishanormalrangeofvariation(areabetweenUCLandLCL)foraprocess?SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200131SSETMSYVIA設(shè)定控制制限SettingControlLimitsAverage

-3s

+3s

-2s

+2s

-1s

+1s

LCL

UCL

-3s

+3s

-2s

+2s

-1s

+1s

LCL

UCL

Average

-3s

+3s

-2s

+2s

-1s

+1s

LCL

UCL

Average

將鐘狀曲曲線轉(zhuǎn)90度Flipthebellcurveonit’sside.SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200132SSETMSYVIA設(shè)定控制制限SettingControlLimitsUCL=Average+3sLCL=Average-3s

-3s

+3s

-2s

+2s

-1s

+1s

Average

LCL

UCL

這是什么么意思?Whatdoesitallmean?SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200133SSETMSYVIA生產(chǎn)中使使用SPCUsingSPCDuringProduction1.收集數(shù)據(jù)

Collectdata

3.理解數(shù)據(jù)

Interpretthedata

2.在圖上記錄數(shù)據(jù)

Recorddataonchart

4.特別成因

SpecialCause?

6.采取糾正行動(dòng)

Takecorrectiveaction

5.繼續(xù)執(zhí)行流程

Continuetoruntheprocess

是Yes否No

7.準(zhǔn)備文件

DocumentSPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200134SSETMSYVIA使用SPC--例子UsingSPC--AnExample8

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

8.6

8.7

8.8

8.9

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

mils

是否有特別問(wèn)題發(fā)生?

Didanythingspecialhappen?

1.收集數(shù)據(jù)

Collectdata

3.理解數(shù)據(jù)

Interpretthedata

2.在圖上記錄數(shù)據(jù)

Recorddataonchart

4.特別成因

SpecialCause?SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200135SSETMSYVIA基本控制制圖格式式BasicControlChartFormat一般原因因?qū)е碌牡淖儺怌ommoncausevariation特別原因因?qū)е碌牡淖儺怱pecialcausevariation9123456789101112131415milsUCLLCLY軸-量度y-axis-scaleformeasurementsX軸-時(shí)間X-axis-timesequenceSPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200136SSETMSYVIA平均值(典形數(shù)值值)Average(thetypicalvalue)平均年齡齡=(27+27+33+46+57)÷÷5=38歲Averageage=(27+27+33+46+57)÷÷5=38years27

27

33

46

57

Averageage=38統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)術(shù)--中間值傾傾向Statistics--CentralTendencySPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200137SSETMSYVIA統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)術(shù)--分布Statistics--Spread范圍(R)--最大數(shù)字字減最小小數(shù)字Range(R)--highestnumberminuslowestnumberR=(57-27)=30歲R=(57-27)=30years幅度=30歲Range=30years2727334657SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200138SSETMSYVIA統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)術(shù)--分布Statistics--Spread標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(S)=個(gè)別數(shù)值與平均值相差的平方

Standarddeviation(S)--Howfaraway,onaverage,aretheindividualdatavaluesfromtheaverageage?S=13.2歲

S=13.2yearsAverage=38

11

years11

years19years8years5years2727334657SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200139SSETMSYVIA例子--計(jì)數(shù)控制制圖Example--AttributeChartPChart--VAASFastechFinalInspectionAverage

LCL

UCL

0

15000

30000

45000

60000

75000

90000

105000

120000

135000

150000

1

2

3

4

5

6

PPM

SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200140SSETMSYVIA流程穩(wěn)定定性ProcessStability穩(wěn)定的流流程StableProcess一致的Consistent可預(yù)測(cè)的的Predictable特別原因Nospecialcauses受控的Incontrol穩(wěn)定性可用用控制圖量量度Stabilityismeasuredusingcontrolcharts.流程可以是是受控,但不符合規(guī)規(guī)格的.Aprocesscouldbeincontrol,butnotmeetspecifications.???

???

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200141SSETMSYVIA什么是流程程?Whatisaprocess?完成一件工工作的一連連串步驟Aseriesofstepswefollowtoaccomplishatask.步驟Steps

成品

Outputs

輸入

Inputs

???

???

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200142SSETMSYVIA流程的內(nèi)容容ThepartsofaProcess物料Materials

人People

機(jī)器/設(shè)備Machines

方法Methods

環(huán)境

Environment

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200143SSETMSYVIA穩(wěn)定,能力及質(zhì)量量Stability,Capability&Quality為能做到優(yōu)優(yōu)越的表現(xiàn)現(xiàn),工作流程必必須:Toachieveperformanceexcellence,workprocessesmustbe:穩(wěn)定Stable一致的,可預(yù)計(jì)的consistent,predictable有能力Capable持續(xù)符合規(guī)規(guī)格continuallymeetsspecifications持續(xù)改善Continuallyimproved惠亞集團(tuán)品質(zhì)政策ViasystemsGlobalQualityPolicy惠亞集團(tuán)承諾通過(guò)優(yōu)越的表現(xiàn)以滿足客戶要求ViasystemsiscommittedtoCustomerSatisfactionthroughPerformanceExcellence.SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200144SSETMSYVIA流程穩(wěn)定及及能力ProcessStability&Capability有能力的流流程CapableProcess流程有能力力持續(xù)的滿滿足規(guī)格要要求Processhastheabilitytocontinuallymeetspecifications.流程必須處處于受控狀狀態(tài)(統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)角角度),才可被認(rèn)為為有能力Processmustbeinstatisticalcontrolbeforeitcanbeconsideredcapable.SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200145SSETMSYVIA穩(wěn)定Stability穩(wěn)定的流程

Stableprocess受統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)控制

instatisticalcontrol無(wú)特別原因?qū)е碌淖儺?/p>

nospecialcausesofvariation

穩(wěn)定流程的控制圖

Controlchartfromastableprocess無(wú)超越控制上限或下限的點(diǎn)

nopointsoutsideUCLorLCL無(wú)偏移或走勢(shì)

noshiftsortrends流程可以說(shuō)是于一定時(shí)間內(nèi)受到控制,而只有一般原因?qū)е碌淖儺?/p>

Suchaprocessissaidtobeincontroloveraseriesoftime,withonlycommoncausespresent.

LCL

UCL

CL

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200146SSETMSYVIA變異Variation個(gè)別成品之之間不可避避免的分別別Theinevitabledifferencesamongindividualoutputsofaprocess.一般原因?qū)?dǎo)致的變異異CommonCauseVariation正常,常見(jiàn),可預(yù)計(jì)的-自然的normal,usual,expectedthings--natural特別原因?qū)?dǎo)致的變異異SpecialCauseVariation偶發(fā)性,不可預(yù)計(jì)的的-特定的sporadic,unexpectedthings--assignableSPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200147SSETMSYVIA變異何時(shí)何何地都會(huì)出出現(xiàn)VariationisEverywhere!物料變異:化學(xué)品濃度,混合比例及補(bǔ)料份量,不同供應(yīng)商

MaterialVariation:chemicalconcentration,mixratios&dosing;differentsuppliers

設(shè)備變異:保養(yǎng)時(shí)間,損耗,調(diào)校過(guò)程

MachineVariation:maintenanceschedules,wear&tear,calibrationprocess

人為變異:技巧及經(jīng)驗(yàn),身材及體能,態(tài)度及紀(jì)律

PeopleVariation:skill&experience,size&strength,attitude&discipline

a方法變異:程序文件,文件維持

MethodVariation:documentationofprocedures,maintenanceofdocumentation

環(huán)境變異:時(shí)間,天氣,廠房位置,空氣污染

EnvironmentalVariation:time,weather,locationofplant,aircontamination

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200148SSETMSYVIA變異結(jié)果ConsequencesofVariation流程中太多一般原因?qū)е碌淖儺?/p>

Toomuchcommoncausevariationinaprocess流程中出現(xiàn)特別原因?qū)е碌淖儺?/p>

Anoccurrenceofspecialcausevariationinaprocess影響工作

disruptioninwork生產(chǎn)力下降

lostproductivity報(bào)廢及返工

scrapandrework甩交貨期

misseddeliverydates不穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)品表現(xiàn)

variableproductperformance

不穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)量

erraticproductyields不穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)品特性

variationsinproductfeaturesAAAAAAA

AAAAAAA

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200149SSETMSYVIACp及Cpk值ValueofCpandCpk根據(jù)規(guī)格評(píng)評(píng)估流程表表現(xiàn).Evaluateprocessperformanceagainstspecs.決定流程是是否能滿足足新規(guī)格要要求.Determineifprocesscanmeetnewspecs.根據(jù)Cpk及Cp值的距離制制訂改善目目標(biāo).SetimprovementgoalbasedondistancebetweenCpkandCp.評(píng)估供應(yīng)商商.Evaluatesuppliers.用于銷售過(guò)過(guò)程的一部部分.Useaspartofsalesprocess.SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200150SSETMSYVIACpk--量度流程設(shè)設(shè)定Cpk-MeasuresProcessSetting比較流程中中間值設(shè)定定及目標(biāo).Comparessettingofprocesscenter(average)totarget.基本定律:Cpk要求最少1.33Generalrule--aimforCpkof1.33minimumUSL

LSL

目標(biāo)

Target

流程中間值

ProcessCenter

偏離中間值

OffCenter!!

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200151SSETMSYVIACpk--例子CpkExamplesCpk良好

GoodCpkCpk差

PoorCpkLSL

USL

LSL

USL

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200152SSETMSYVIACp--量度流程分分布Cp-MeasuresProcessSpread比較可接受受變異(A)及實(shí)際變異異(B)Compareallowablevariation(B)toactualvariation(A).B=USL-LSLA=6標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差A(yù)=6standarddeviationsCp=B/ALSL

USL

A

B

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200153SSETMSYVIACp必須大于1CpShouldBeGreaterThan1顯示于實(shí)際變異少于可接受變異

Indicatesactualvariationislessthanallowablevariation.LSL

USL

LSL

USL

LSL

USL

Cp大于1

Cpgreaterthan1Cp=1Cp小于1

Cplessthan1SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200154SSETMSYVIACp--總結(jié)Cp-Conclusions數(shù)值越大越好!

Thebiggerthenumber,thebetter!Cp的缺點(diǎn)--只能顯示流程分布,但不能顯示是否符合規(guī)格

DeficiencyofCp--Itshowsonlythespreadofprocess,butnotthecompliancetospecification.例子：兩流程的Cp一樣。

Example:TwoprocesseswithsameCp.USL

LSL

Target

USL

LSL

Target

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200155SSETMSYVIA流程能力不不足的兩種種情況TwoWaysaProcessIsNOTCapable1.實(shí)際流程變變異超出可可接受變異異的總值A(chǔ)ctualprocessvariation(A-sixsigma)exceedstotalallowablevariation(B-spec)TargetB

ALSLUSL產(chǎn)品不符合規(guī)格

Productsoutofspec

產(chǎn)品不符合規(guī)格

Productsoutofspec

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200156SSETMSYVIA流程能力不不足的兩種種情況TwoWaysaProcessIsNOTCapable2.如流程表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)不足處于于規(guī)格的中中間位置,并其中一邊邊的控制限超越越規(guī)格限.Ifprocessisnotcenteredproperlyandoneofthecontrollimitsexceedsthespeclimit.LSL

USL

LCL

UCL

Target

Average

產(chǎn)品不能符合規(guī)格

Productsoutofspec!

產(chǎn)品不是最佳

Productsnotthebest.

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200157SSETMSYVIA若流程能力力不足如何何辦?Whatifaprocessisn’tcapable?流程需要改改善Theprocessneedsimprovement!首先,采取改善行行動(dòng),減少變異,然后,按目標(biāo)值將將流程表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)調(diào)至中間間值.First,takeactiontoreducethevariation.Then,centertheprocessoverthetarget.表現(xiàn)不良

Badnews!

表現(xiàn)改善

Gettingbetter

進(jìn)一步改善

Muchbetter

USL

LSL

Target

USL

LSL

Target

USL

LSL

Target

SPCforOperators-Version2.1––Mar.10,200158SSETMSYVIA你需要做什什么?Whatshouldyoudo?USLLSLCp<2andCpk<1采取預(yù)防行動(dòng)清除不合格產(chǎn)品

Takeprecautionstoremove

non-conformingproducts持續(xù)努力減少變異

Continueeffortstominimizevariation將流程表現(xiàn)控制到中間值

Centertheprocess維持流程于控制限內(nèi)

Maintainprocesswithincontrollimits持續(xù)努力減少變異

Continueeffortstominimizevariation將流程表現(xiàn)控制到中間值

CentertheprocessUSLLSLCp<2andCpk>1SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200159SSETMSYVIA你需要做做什么?Whatshouldyoudo?USLLSLCp<2andCpk>1.5維持流程于控制限內(nèi)

Maintainprocesswithincontrollimits持續(xù)努力減少變異

ContinueeffortstominimizevariationUSLLSLCp>2andCpk<1采取預(yù)防行動(dòng)清除不合格產(chǎn)品

Takeprecautionstoremove

non-conformingproducts持續(xù)努力減少變異

Continueeffortstominimizevariation將流程表現(xiàn)控制到中間值

CentertheprocessSPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200160SSETMSYVIA你需要做做什么?Whatshouldyoudo?維持流程于控制限內(nèi)

Maintainprocesswithincontrollimits將流程表現(xiàn)控制到中間值

CentertheprocessUSLLSLCp>2andCpk>1維持流程于控制限內(nèi)

MaintainprocesswithincontrollimitsUSLLSLCp>2andCpk>1.5SPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200161SSETMSYVIA失控圖樣樣--第一定律律Out-ofControlPatterns--Rule1任何點(diǎn)超超越控制制限Anypointbeyondthecontrollimits控制上限限以外OutsidetheUpperControlLimit8.08.7123456789101112131415LCLAverageUCL控制下限限以外OutsidetheLowerControlLimit8.08.7123456789101112131415LCLAverageUCLSPCforOperators-Version2.1–Mar.10,200162SSETMSYVIA失控圖樣樣--第二定律律Out-ofControlPatterns--Rule2連續(xù)七點(diǎn)點(diǎn)向上或或向下--走勢(shì)Upwardordownwardrunof7consecutivepoints--trend連續(xù)七點(diǎn)點(diǎn)向下Downwardrunofsevenconsecutivepoints連續(xù)七點(diǎn)點(diǎn)向上Upwardrunofsevenconsecutivepoints