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USAGE:ADOPT/ADAPT
adapt:①「to」changesth.tosuitanewneedeg:Headaptedanoldcarenginetodrivehisboat.②changetobemoresuitableeg:WhenhemovedtoFrance,thechildrenadapted(tothechange)verywell.→adaptable:adjabletochangeorbechangedsoastobe↓suitablefornewneeds,differentconditions,etc.unadaptable→adaptability→adaptationeg:Thefilmisadaptedfromanovel.Thenovelisadaptedforafilm.
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1
USAGE:error/mistakeAnerroristhesameasamistakeexceptthat:①Errorsuggestsamoralwrong,mistakeamisjudgment.eg:Itookhisumbrellabymistake.Itookhisumbrellainerror.②Errorisamoreformalword.③Incertainfixedphrasesonlyoneofthemcanbeused.eg:anerrorofjudgment/bymistake④Asmallunintendedmistakeisasliporanoversight.eg:Imeantowrite“son”not“sun”-itwasjustaslipofthepen.Byanoversight,Iforgettoposttheletter.
back2error和mistake是同義詞,有時可以換用。例如:spelling
errors/mistakes拼寫錯誤;grammaticalerrors/mistakes語法錯誤。
在指日常生活中的一般錯誤時,用mistake稍多一些。著重指由于理解、認
識或判斷上的不正確而造成行動或看法上的錯誤。
在表示不合格,特別是不合道德標準時,用error更多一些,有時可做“誤
差、謬誤”解。
在一些固定搭配中,error和mistake不能互換。例如:
Ididitinerror/bymistakes.我誤做了那件事。
Hefellintoaseriouserror./Hemadeaseriousmistake.
他犯了一個嚴重錯誤3Cf:clothe:①給某人穿衣(=dress)②供給…衣服eg:Sheclotheherselfinherbest.Thefieldwasclothedinsnow.★clothe/dress/undress+sbputon/wear/takeoff+sthclothes:(具體的一件件)衣服,可與many,few連用,但不能與數(shù)詞連用clothing:「總稱」服裝,被褥foodandclothing
back4Thesickwomanwasingreatpainandgroanedcontinually.★painful:causingpain,givingpain使人感到痛苦
inpain:自己感到痛苦,疼痛eg:1)Thelittlegirlisinpainbecauseshehasacutinafinger.2)Thelittlegirlhasapainfulcutinafinger.
back51.Settledown:1)to(causeto)sitcomfortably(settlesbdown)eg:Shesettledherselfdowninachairwithabook.2)toestablishahomeandliveaquietlifeeg:Iwanttogetmarriedandsettledown.3)tobecomeusedtoawayoflife,job,etc.eg:Hesoonsettleddowninhisnewschool.
2.Settleforsth:toaccept(sthlessthanhopedfor)eg:Iwant$500formycarandIwon’tsettleforless.
3.Settlesbin:to(helpto)getusedtoanewhome,job,etc.eg:Itwasthefirsttimeshehadlefthome,soittookherawhiletosettlein.
4.settled:adj(unlikelytochange,fixed)back6Cf:haul/drag/tug/tow
haul:拖拉
drag:topullsb.orsth.alongtheground,oftenbecausetheyaretooheavytocarry硬拉
eg:Hemanagedtodragthetableintothekitchen.tug:topullwithoneormoreshort,quickpullseg:Shekepttugginginsistentlyathissleeve.
tow:topullavehicleorshipalongbehindanothervehicleusingaropeorchain用繩索拖引eg:Theshiphadtobetowedintotheharbor.
back7Cf:content/satisfy☆Thepoorareoftencontented,butamiserisneversatisfied.
back8USAGE
urge:astrongwishorneed
urgency:sthorsituationthatveryimportantandneedingtobedealtwithfirstorquickly
emergence:appearance
emergency:anunexpectedanddangeroushappeningwhichmustbedealtwithquicklyeg:anemergencyexitback9※歷史事件ahistoricalevent歷史性事件ahistoricevent歷史人物ahistoricalcharacter歷史名城ahistorictowneg:Ifyouhavenothingtodo,whydon’tyouvisitthehistorymuseum?(ahistorymuseum=amuseumdealingwiththesubjectofhistory)
back10Confidence:n1)fulltrust;beliefinone’sownoranother’sability「+in」★haveconfidencein2)asecret;somepersonalmattertoldsecretlytoaperson★inconfidence(secretly,privately)eg:Itoldyouthatinconfidence,sowhydidyoutelljackaboutit?
confidentiality:n(asituationinwhichyoutrustsomeonenottotellsecretorprivateinformationtoanyoneelse)
back11Digestible:「adj」foodthatisdigestiblecanbeeasilydigested----(oppositeindigestible)Digestive:「adj:onlybeforen」connectedwiththeprocessofdigestioneg:thedigestivesystemCf:chew/swallow/digestchew:tobitefoodseveraltimesbeforeswallowingitswallow:tomakefoodordrinkgodownyourthroatandtowardsyourstomach
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12Cf:digest/ingestingest:「technical」totakefoodintoyourbody
back13Cf:pile/stack/heap
pile:atidycollectionofseveralthingsofthesamekindplacedontopofeachother通常指把同種類的東西比較整齊的堆起來,是一般性的用語
stack:通常指將同種類同樣大小的東西整齊的堆在一起
heap:alargeuntidypileofthings不論種類雜亂地堆放eg:arubbishheapstack是整齊的一堆。pile是隨便堆放的...astackof有一摞,一堆的意思,而apileof只有一堆的意思,所以要表示一摞……就要用前者...Pile:n.堆...
back14★overdue:adj遲到的,過期的eg:Anapologyfromhimislongoverdue.★undue:adj不適當?shù)?過多的eg:Hegivesundueattentiontosmallproblems.
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15Cf:thin/slim/slender/lean/skinny/underweight/1.Thin
isageneralwordtodescribepeoplewhohavelittleornofatontheirbodies(oppositefat),butitoftensoundsalittlenegative.2.Ifyouwanttomakeclearthatsomeoneisthininapleasantway,youcansaytheyareslimor(lesscommon)slender.Youcanalsosaylean(=thininastrongandhealthyway)3.Ifsomeoneisabittoothintheyareskinny(informal),or
underweight
(thetechnicalword).
back16Cf:suspect/doubtdoubt:①tothinkthatsthmaynotbetrue★doubt(that)②tothinkthatsthisunlikely★doubtif/whethereg:Wesuspectthatheisill.Wedoubtwhetherheisill.
back17doubt的懷疑是指覺得什么東西不可能,比如idoubthishonesty.我懷疑他的誠實性,換句話說就是我覺得他不誠實。
suspect的懷疑是指覺得什么東西有可能怎么樣,比如isuspecthisisatheif.我懷疑他是小偷,也就是說,我覺得他很有可能是小偷。如果是idoubtheisatheif.則變成,我覺得(懷疑)他不是小偷。
中文都是用懷疑,那么到底是懷疑有可能,還是懷疑不可能,則通過上下文判斷。
比如,我懷疑他是小偷。這句話如果放在一段前面已經(jīng)講了這個人沒有作案動機后面,那么則是認為他不是小偷。如果前面已經(jīng)講了這個人賊眉鼠眼,則是認為他是小偷18doubt與suspect的用法比較doubt與suspect作動詞用,都有“懷疑”的意思,但實際上它們的用法還是有區(qū)別的。下面我們就來比較一下:一.如果后面接名詞、代詞或名詞性詞組時,兩者基本上可通用。例如:Idoubt/suspectthetruthofherstatement.我對她那番話的真實性表示懷疑。Hesayshecancureme,butIstilldoubt/suspecthim.他說他能治好我的病,但我仍對他不放心。
19二.如果后面接that從句,意思就截然不同。doubt意為“無把握;不相信(questionthetruthof;don'tbelieve/think)”,懷疑其無。suspect意為“有存在或?qū)賹嵉南敕?;相信(haveanideaoftheexistence;believe;guess)”,懷疑其有。例如:Idoubtthathehasstolenmywatch.我不相信他偷了我的手表。Isuspectthathehasstolenmywatch.我懷疑/猜想他偷了我的手表。Thedoctorsuspectedthathewasillwithflu.醫(yī)生懷疑/認為他得了流感。這時doubt更多用于否定句或疑問句中。如:Idon'tdoubtthatheisright.我確信他是對的。Ididn'tdoubtthathewouldcome.我當時相信他會來的。Whydidshedoubtthattheywerecheats?她為什么懷疑他們是騙子?Whatmadeyoususpectherofhavingtakenthemoney?你憑什么懷疑錢是她偷的20三.doubt用于肯定句中時,多接whether/if引導的從句,意義與that從句不同,這時意為“不敢肯定(feeluncertainabout)”。而suspect不可接這種從句。例如:Idoubtwhether/ifhe'llcome.我不敢肯定他來不來。It'sraininghard.Idoubtwhetheritwillbefinetomorrow.雨下得很大,我不敢說明天會晴。四.其他搭配。doubt可作不及物動詞,用于doubtofsth;suspect用于suspectsthtobe,suspectsbof(doing)sth.例如:Sheneverdoubtedofhissuccess.她從不懷疑他的成功。Isuspectedhimtobethespy.我認為他就是那個間謀。21Politics:n:(復數(shù))政見,政綱(單數(shù))政治學eg:Whatareyourpolictics?★以-ics結(jié)尾的學科名詞,當它做“學科“以外的解釋時,或特別是在前加了定冠詞,物主代詞或等時,常常復用
back22
cf:assure/reassure/insure/ensure/makesure1)assure:ifyouassuresbofsth,youtellthemthatitisreallytrueorwillhappeneg:ThereceptionistassuredmethatIwouldnothavetowaitlong.2)reassure:youreassuresbwhoisworriedbytellingthemthatthereisnothingtoworryabouteg:Thedoctorreassuredmethattherewouldbenopain.3)insure:①youmayinsuresthagainststhbadhappeningtoitbypayingmoneytoaninsurancecompany②it’salsopossibletoinsureyourlifeagainstdeath,thoughwheresthiscertaintohappenoneday以十分肯定的語氣向別人保證某事一定發(fā)生eg:人壽保險lifeassurance(英)/lifeinsurance(美)4)ensure:ifyouensure(usu.insureinAmericanEnglish)thatsthhappens,thatmeansyoumakecertainormakesure(moreinformal)itdoeshappen確保某種行動或動因的結(jié)果一定會發(fā)生eg:Pleaseensurethatthelightsareswitchedoffbeforeleavingthebuilding。back23Insure:v:①tobuyinsurancetoprotectyourselfagainststhbadhappeningtoyou,yourfamilyetc★insure(sth/sb)againststheg:Itwouldbewisetoinsureyourpropertyagainststormdamage.②toprovideinsuranceforsthorsbeg:Heinsuredhishouseagainstfirefortenmillionyuan.Heinsuredhimselfagainstdeathfortenmillionyuan.
back24Cf:hardly/scarcely/barely
hardly:強“困難”,著重實際上不可能eg:Youcanhardlyexpectmetoofferyoua
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